1
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Arya V, Chaudhuri A, Bakli C. Wettability-modulated behavior of polymers under varying degrees of nano-confinement. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:064905. [PMID: 38341795 DOI: 10.1063/5.0185533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Extreme confinement in nanochannels results in unconventional equilibrium and flow behavior of polymers. The underlying flow physics dictating such paradigms remains far from being understood and more so if the confining substrate is composed of two-dimensional materials, such as graphene. In this study, we conducted systematic molecular dynamics simulations to explore the effect of wettability, confinement, and chain length on polymer flow through graphene-like nanochannels. Altering the wetting properties of these membranes that structurally represent graphene results in substantial changes in the behavior of polymers of disparate chain lengths. Longer hydrocarbon chains (n-dodecane) exhibit negligible wettability-dependent structuring in narrower nanochannels compared to shorter chains (n-hexane) culminating in higher average velocities and interfacial slippage of n-dodecane under less wettable conditions. We demonstrate that the wettability compensation comes from chain entanglement attributed to entropic factors. This study reveals a delicate balance between wettability-dependent enthalpy and chain-length-dependent entropy, resulting in a unique nanoscale flow paradigm, thus not only having far-reaching implications in the superior discernment of polymeric flow in sub-micrometer regimes but also potentially revolutionizing various applications in the oil industry, including innovative oil transport, oil extraction, ion transport polymers, and separation membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Arya
- Thermofluidics and Nanotechnology for Sustainable Energy Systems Laboratory, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Abhirup Chaudhuri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Chirodeep Bakli
- Thermofluidics and Nanotechnology for Sustainable Energy Systems Laboratory, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
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2
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Kwakye-Nimo S, Inn Y, Yu Y, Wood-Adams PM. Polymer Fractionation at an Interface in Simple Shear with Slip. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shadrach Kwakye-Nimo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Yongwoo Inn
- Chevron Phillips Chemical, Bartlesville, Oklahoma 74003-6670, United States
| | - Youlu Yu
- Chevron Phillips Chemical, Bartlesville, Oklahoma 74003-6670, United States
| | - Paula M. Wood-Adams
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1M8, Canada
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3
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Jana PK, Bačová P, Schneider L, Kobayashi H, Hollborn KU, Polińska P, Burkhart C, Harmandaris VA, Müller M. Wall-Spring Thermostat: A Novel Approach for Controlling the Dynamics of Soft Coarse-Grained Polymer Fluids at Surfaces. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Kumar Jana
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August University, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37977 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Petra Bačová
- Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics, Foundation for Research and Technology─Hellas, Heraklion GR-71110, Greece
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, IMEYMAT, Campus Universitario Río San Pedro s/n, Puerto Real, Cádiz 11510, Spain
| | - Ludwig Schneider
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August University, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37977 Göttingen, Germany
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Hideki Kobayashi
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August University, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37977 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Hollborn
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August University, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37977 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Craig Burkhart
- Goodyear Research, The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, 142 Goodyear Boulevard, Akron, Ohio 44305, United States
| | - Vagelis A. Harmandaris
- Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics, Foundation for Research and Technology─Hellas, Heraklion GR-71110, Greece
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Crete, Heraklion GR-71110, Greece
- Computation-based Science and Technology Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia 2121, Cyprus
| | - Marcus Müller
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August University, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37977 Göttingen, Germany
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadali Sattari
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Yongwoo Inn
- Chevron Phillips Chemical, Bartlesville, Oklahoma 74004, United States
| | - Paula M. Wood-Adams
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1M8, Canada
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5
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Guyard G, Vilquin A, Sanson N, Jouenne S, Restagno F, McGraw JD. Near-surface rheology and hydrodynamic boundary condition of semi-dilute polymer solutions. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:3765-3774. [PMID: 33688903 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm02116d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding confined flows of complex fluids requires simultaneous access to the mechanical behaviour of the liquid and the boundary condition at the interfaces. Here, we use evanescent wave microscopy to investigate near-surface flows of semi-dilute, unentangled polyacrylamide solutions. By using both neutral and anionic polymers, we show that monomer charge plays a key role in confined polymer dynamics. For solutions in contact with glass, the neutral polymers display chain-sized adsorbed layers, while a shear-rate-dependent apparent slip length is observed for anionic polymer solutions. The slip lengths measured at all concentrations collapse onto a master curve when scaled using a simple two-layer depletion model with non-Newtonian viscosity. A transition from an apparent slip boundary condition to a chain-sized adsorption layer is moreover highlighted by screening the charge with additional salt in the anionic polymer solutions. We anticipate that our study will be a starting point for more complex studies relating the polymer dynamics at interfaces to their chemical and physical composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Guyard
- Gulliver UMR CNRS 7083, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France.
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6
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Rheological Properties Related to Extrusion of Polyolefins. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13040489. [PMID: 33557292 PMCID: PMC7914999 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheological properties related to the extrusion of polyolefins are the shear viscosity, the elongational viscosity, the slip velocity and their temperature- and pressure-dependencies. These properties are measured in the rheology lab mainly via a parallel-plate rheometer and a capillary rheometer. Then appropriate rheological models have to be used to account for all these properties. Such models are either viscous (e.g., the Cross model) or viscoelastic (e.g., the K-BKZ model). The latter gives the best fitting of the experimental data and offers excellent results in numerical simulations, especially in extrusion flows. Wall slip effects are also found and measured by rheometric flows. Modeling of extrusion flows should make use of appropriate slip models that take into effect the various slip parameters, including the effects of shear stress, molecular characteristics, temperature and pressure on the slip velocity. In this paper the importance of these properties in extrusion are discussed.
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7
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Rotella C, Persson BNJ, Scaraggi M, Mangiagalli P. Lubricated sliding friction: Role of interfacial fluid slip and surface roughness. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2020; 43:9. [PMID: 32025872 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2020-11933-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We derive approximate mean field equations for the fluid flow between elastic solids with randomly rough surfaces including interfacial fluid slip and shear thinning. We present numerical results for the fluid flow and friction factors for realistic systems, in particular, we consider the case of an elastic cylinder with random surface roughness in relative sliding contact with a flat rigid (low-energy) counter-surface. We present experimental data for the sliding friction between rubber stoppers and glass barrels lubricated with baked-on silicone oil. We find that the frictional shear stress acting in the rubber asperity contact regions is nearly velocity independent for velocities in the 10-1000μm/s range, and very small [Formula: see text] MPa, while for bare glass in silicone oil [Formula: see text] is much larger and velocity dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rotella
- Sanofi, 13, quai Jules Guesde, BP 14-94403, Vitry-sur-Seine Cedex, France
| | - B N J Persson
- PGI-1, FZ Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
- MultiscaleConsulting, Wolfshovener str 2, 52428, Jülich, Germany.
| | - M Scaraggi
- PGI-1, FZ Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- DII, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - P Mangiagalli
- Sanofi, 13, quai Jules Guesde, BP 14-94403, Vitry-sur-Seine Cedex, France
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8
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Masato D, Sorgato M, Batal A, Dimov S, Lucchetta G. Thin‐wall injection molding of polypropylene using molds with different laser‐induced periodic surface structures. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Masato
- Department of Plastics EngineeringUniversity of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell Massachusetts
| | - Marco Sorgato
- Department of Industrial EngineeringUniversity of Padova Padova Italy
| | - Afif Batal
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Birmingham Birmingham UK
| | - Stefan Dimov
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Birmingham Birmingham UK
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi‐Qing Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering 170 University Ave, Goodyear Polymer Center, Akron OH 44325 USA
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10
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Parihar V, Bandyopadhyay S, Das S, Mukherjee R, Chakraborty S, Dasgupta S. Tailored topography: a novel fabrication technique using an elasticity gradient. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:7034-7044. [PMID: 30109884 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01054d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A facile methodology to create a wrinkled surface with a tailored topography is presented herein. The dependency of the elasticity of poly(dimethyl)siloxane (PDMS) on the curing temperature has been exploited to obtain a substrate with an elasticity gradient. The temperature gradient across the length of PDMS is created by a novel set-up consisting of a metal and insulator connected to a heater and the highest usable (no degradation of PDMS) temperature gradient is used. The time-dependent temperature distributions along the substrate are measured and the underlying physics of the dependence of the PDMS elasticity on the curing temperature is addressed. The PDMS substrate with the elasticity gradient is first stretched and subsequently oxidized by oxygen plasma. Upon relaxation, an ordered wrinkled surface with continuously varying wavelength and amplitude along the length of PDMS is obtained. The extent of hydrophobicity recovery of this plasma oxidized PDMS with varying elasticity has been studied. The change in the wavelength and amplitude of the regular patterns on the substrate can be controlled by varying operational parameters like applied pre-strain, plasma power and the heater temperature. It has been found that the spatial distributions of the topography and the hydrophobicity collectively decide the resultant wettability of the substrate. Such surfaces with gradients in the substructure dimensions demonstrate different wetting characteristics that may lead to a wide gamut of applications including droplet movement, cell adhesion and proliferation, diffraction grating etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vartika Parihar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India.
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11
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Hénot M, Drockenmuller É, Léger L, Restagno F. Friction of Polymers: from PDMS Melts to PDMS Elastomers. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:112-115. [PMID: 35610926 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The slip behavior of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer melts flowing on weakly adsorbing surfaces made of short nonentangled PDMS chains densely end-grafted to silica has been characterized. For high enough shear rates, slip lengths proportional to the bulk fluid viscosity have been observed, in agreement with Navier's interfacial equation and demonstrating that the interfacial Navier's friction coefficient is a local quantity, independent of the polymer molecular weight. Comparing the interfacial shear stresses deduced from these measured slip lengths to available friction stress measured for cross-linked PDMS elastomers, we further demonstrate the local character of the friction coefficient and compare its value to the monomer-monomer friction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marceau Hénot
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Éric Drockenmuller
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Ingénierie
des Matériaux Polymères, UMR 5223, F-69003, Lyon, France
| | - Liliane Léger
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Restagno
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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12
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Chao Y, Ding Z, Liu R. Dynamics of thin liquid films flowing down the uniformly heated/cooled cylinder with wall slippage. Chem Eng Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Zhang Y, Fuentes CA, Koekoekx R, Clasen C, Van Vuure AW, De Coninck J, Seveno D. Spreading Dynamics of Molten Polymer Drops on Glass Substrates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:8447-8454. [PMID: 28767248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Wetting dynamics drive numerous processes involving liquids in contact with solid substrates with a wide range of geometries. The spreading dynamics of organic liquids and liquid metals at, respectively, room temperature and >1000 °C have been studied extensively, both experimentally and numerically; however, almost no attention has been paid to the wetting behavior of molten drops of thermoplastic polymers, despite its importance, for example, in the processing of fiber-reinforced polymer composites. Indeed, the ability of classical theories of dynamic wetting, that is, the hydrodynamic and the molecular-kinetic theories, to model these complex liquids is unknown. We have therefore investigated the spreading dynamics on glass, over temperatures between 200 and 260 °C, of two thermoplastics: polypropylene (PP) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF). PP and PVDF showed, respectively, the highest and lowest slip lengths due to their different interactions with the glass substrate. The jump lengths of PP and PVDF are comparable to their Kuhn segment lengths, suggesting that the wetting process of these polymers is mediated by segmental displacements. The present work not only provides evidence of the suitability of the classical models to model dynamic wetting of molten polymers but also advances our understanding of the wetting dynamics of molten thermoplastics at the liquid/solid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichuan Zhang
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven , 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Surface and Interfacial Physics, Université de Mons , 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Carlos A Fuentes
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven , 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robin Koekoekx
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven , 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christian Clasen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven , 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aart W Van Vuure
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven , 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joël De Coninck
- Laboratory of Surface and Interfacial Physics, Université de Mons , 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - David Seveno
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven , 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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14
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Hemminger O, Boukany PE. Microscopic origin of wall slip during flow of an entangled DNA solution in microfluidics: Flow induced chain stretching versus chain desorption. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2017; 11:044118. [PMID: 28936276 PMCID: PMC5578862 DOI: 10.1063/1.4991496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Despite the relevance and importance of slip, a fundamental understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of wall slip in polymer flow is still missing. In this work, we investigate the slip behavior of an entangled DNA solution at a molecular scale using a confocal microscope coupled to a microfluidic device. From microscopic measurement, we obtain both the velocity profile and conformation of polymeric chains by visualizing DNA molecules during flow on various surfaces (ranging from weak to strong interactions with DNA molecules). In channel flow at a low Weissenberg number (Wi = 0.14), we observe a parabolic flow for an APTES-treated glass (with strong interaction with DNA) in the absence of slip, while a significant amount of slip has been observed for a regular glass (with a weak interaction with DNA). At higher flow rates (Wi > 1.0), strong slip appears during flow on APTES-treated surfaces. In this case, only immobile DNA molecules are stretched on the surface and other bulk chains remain coiled. This observation suggests that the flow induced chain stretching at the interface is the main mechanism of slip during flow on strong surfaces. Conversely, for slip flow on surfaces with weak interactions (such as unmodified or acrylate-modified glasses), polymeric chains are desorbed from the surface and a thin layer of water is present near the surface, which induces an effective slip during flow. By imaging DNA conformations during both channel and shear flows on different surfaces, we elucidate that either chain desorption or flow-induced stretching of adsorbed chains occurs depending on the surface condition. In general, we expect that these new insights into the slip phenomenon will be useful for studying the biological flow involving single DNA molecule experiments in micro/nanofluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orin Hemminger
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Pouyan E Boukany
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
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15
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Rozairo DP, Croll AB. Late stage drainage of block copolymer stabilized emulsion drops. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:9616-9621. [PMID: 27834433 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm01938b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polymer covered emulsion droplets have a considerable number of applications ranging from active cosmetics to advance drug delivery systems. In many of these systems the emulsion droplets do not exist in isolation but interact with other drops, surfaces and particles. In a step towards understanding how these complex mechanical interactions take place, we examine the interaction between a block copolymer covered emulsion droplet (polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-PEO) covered toluene) and a flat mica interface. As buoyancy pushes the droplet upwards, it buckles in as it nears the mica and traps a droplet of the surrounding fluid. The trapped outer fluid (water/glycerine in our experiment) drains out through an annular region of PEO brush. This study focuses on the late stage drainage, unique to large molecule surfactants, and examines the effects of the polymer and droplet size on the drainage rate. We introduce a scaling model of the drainage which highlights the importance of three lengthscales in the problem - the brush height, the slip length along the emulsion drop interface and the width of the annular contact region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damith P Rozairo
- Materials and Nanotechnology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, USA.
| | - Andrew B Croll
- Materials and Nanotechnology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, USA. and Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, USA
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16
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Ebrahimi M, Konaganti VK, Moradi S, Doufas AK, Hatzikiriakos SG. Slip of polymer melts over micro/nano-patterned metallic surfaces. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:9759-9768. [PMID: 27891538 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm02235a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The slip behavior of high-density polyethylenes (HDPEs) is studied over surfaces of different topology and surface energy. Laser ablation has been used to micro/nano-pattern the surface of dies in order to examine the effect of surface roughness on slip. In addition, fluoroalkyl silane-based coatings on smooth and patterned substrates were used to understand the effect of surface energy on slip. Surface roughness and surface energy effects were incorporated into the double reptation slip model (Ebrahimi et al., J. Rheol., 2015, 59, 885-901) in order to predict the slip velocity of studied polymers on different substrates. It was found that for dies with rough surfaces, polymer melt penetrates into the cavities of the substrate (depending on the depth and the distance between the asperities), thus decreasing wall slip. On the other hand, silanization of the surface increases the slip velocity of polymers in the case of smooth die, although it has a negligible effect on rough dies. Interestingly, the slip velocity of the studied polymers on various substrates of different degrees of roughness and surface energy, were brought into a mastercurve by modifying the double reptation slip velocity model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Vinod Kumar Konaganti
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Sona Moradi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | | | - Savvas G Hatzikiriakos
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Gustafson
- Department of Physics and the Minnesota
Supercomputing Institute and ‡Department of
Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - David C. Morse
- Department of Physics and the Minnesota
Supercomputing Institute and ‡Department of
Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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18
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Abstract
The classical no-slip boundary condition of fluid mechanics is not always a valid assumption for the flow of several classes of complex fluids including polymer melts, their blends, polymer solutions, microgels, glasses, suspensions and pastes. In fact, it appears that slip effect in these systems is the rule and not the exemption. The occurrence of slip complicates the analysis of rheological data, although it provides new opportunities to understand their behavior in restricted environments delineating additional molecular mechanisms i.e. entropic restrictions due to limitations in the number of molecular conformations. This article discusses these complexities and provides future research opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savvas G Hatzikiriakos
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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19
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Sabzevari SM, Cohen I, Wood-Adams PM. Wall Slip of Tridisperse Polymer Melts and the Effect of Unentangled versus Weakly Entangled Chains. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501320d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Mostafa Sabzevari
- Department
of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3G 2J2
| | - Itai Cohen
- Department
of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Paula M. Wood-Adams
- Department
of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3G 2J2
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20
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Luo B, Li H, Zhang Y, Xue F, Guan P, Zhao J, Zhou C, Zhang W, Li J, Huo H, Shi D, Yu D, Jiang S. Wall Slip Effect on Shear-Induced Crystallization Behavior of Isotactic Polypropylene Containing β-Nucleating Agent. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie502062k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baojing Luo
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Hongfei Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yao Zhang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Feifei Xue
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Peipei Guan
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Chengbo Zhou
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Wenyang Zhang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jingqing Li
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Hong Huo
- Institute
of Polymer Chemistry and Physics, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Dean Shi
- Ministry-of-Education
Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional
Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Donghong Yu
- Department
of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, DK-9000, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Shichun Jiang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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21
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Sabzevari SM, Cohen I, Wood-Adams PM. Wall Slip of Bidisperse Linear Polymer Melts. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500451g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Mostafa Sabzevari
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial
Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Itai Cohen
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Paula M. Wood-Adams
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial
Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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22
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23
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Agassant JF, Arda DR, Combeaud C, Merten A, Münstedt H, Mackley MR, Robert L, Vergnes B. Polymer Processing Extrusion Instabilities and Methods for their Elimination or Minimisation. INT POLYM PROC 2013. [DOI: 10.3139/217.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This paper presents and reviews findings in relation to three key areas where polymer processing instabilities occur. The paper also describes methods that can be utilised to reduce, or eliminate, the particular instability. Using previously published results in each of the three areas and work presented in the paper, physical insight into the three mechanisms is reviewed and compared. Extrusion instabilities develop with increasing extrusion rate and the onset of extrusion instability is often a key limitation to the maximum output of an extrusion line. The sharkskin instability is an exit effect instability that can be modified by changing exit geometries and eliminated using certain additives. The stick-spurt instability is intimately related to wall boundary conditions which can be influenced by certain wall and polymer formulations. Finally volume instabilities occur in the entry region of a die and result in a highly distorted product. The instabilities are related to viscoelastic effects within the die and can be minimised by appropriate die and polymer modification. The paper provides sufficient experimental background to identify the key physical aspects associated with each of the instabilities and this in turn provides insight into the different way each instability occurs and how they can be minimised.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.-F. Agassant
- CEMEF, Ecole des Mines de Paris, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - D. R. Arda
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - C. Combeaud
- CEMEF, Ecole des Mines de Paris, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - A. Merten
- Lehrstuhl für Polymerwerkstoffe, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - H. Münstedt
- Lehrstuhl für Polymerwerkstoffe, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - M. R. Mackley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - L. Robert
- CEMEF, Ecole des Mines de Paris, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - B. Vergnes
- CEMEF, Ecole des Mines de Paris, Sophia Antipolis, France
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24
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25
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Shen B, Liang Y, Zhang C, Han CC. Shear-Induced Crystallization at Polymer–Substrate Interface: The Slippage Hypothesis. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma200559f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and Materials, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yongri Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and Materials, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chenggui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and Materials, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Charles C. Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and Materials, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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26
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Hayes KA, Buckley MR, Qi H, Cohen I, Archer LA. Constitutive Curve and Velocity Profile in Entangled Polymers during Start-Up of Steady Shear Flow. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma100162c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Haibo Qi
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
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27
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Rodríguez-González F, Pérez-González J, Marín-Santibáñez BM, de Vargas L. Kinematics of the stick–slip capillary flow of high-density polyethylene. Chem Eng Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2009.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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28
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Noirez L, Mendil-Jakani H, Baroni P. New Light on Old Wisdoms on Molten Polymers: Conformation, Slippage and Shear Banding in Sheared Entangled and Unentangled Melts. Macromol Rapid Commun 2009; 30:1709-14. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200900331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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29
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Boukany PE, Wang SQ. Exploring Origins of Interfacial Yielding and Wall Slip in Entangled Linear Melts during Shear or after Shear Cessation. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma802644r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pouyan E. Boukany
- Department of Polymer Science and Maurice Morton Institute of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325
| | - Shi-Qing Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Maurice Morton Institute of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325
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30
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Hayes KA, Buckley MR, Cohen I, Archer LA. High resolution shear profile measurements in entangled polymers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:218301. [PMID: 19113455 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.218301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We use confocal microscopy and particle image velocimetry to visualize motion of 250-300 nm. fluorescent tracer particles in entangled polymers subject to a rectilinear shear flow. Our results show linear velocity profiles in polymer solutions spanning a wide range of molecular weights and number of entanglements (8< or =Z< or =56), but reveal large differences between the imposed and measured shear rates. These findings disagree with recent reports that shear banding is a characteristic flow response of entangled polymers, and instead point to interfacial slip as an important source of strain loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keesha A Hayes
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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31
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Kamerkar P, Edwards B. An experimental study of slip flow in capillaries and semihyperbolically converging dies. POLYM ENG SCI 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.20692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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32
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Quasi-static and hydrodynamic interaction between solid surfaces in polyisoprene studied by atomic force microscopy. POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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33
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Esperidião MCA. Chain-exchange dynamics and kinetics by ATR–FTIR: Effects of shear stress and temperature on high density polyethylene flow. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2005.11.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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34
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Priezjev NV, Darhuber AA, Troian SM. Slip behavior in liquid films on surfaces of patterned wettability: comparison between continuum and molecular dynamics simulations. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2005; 71:041608. [PMID: 15903683 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.71.041608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2004] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the behavior of the slip length in Newtonian liquids subject to planar shear bounded by substrates with mixed boundary conditions. The upper wall, consisting of a homogenous surface of finite or vanishing slip, moves at a constant speed parallel to a lower stationary wall, whose surface is patterned with an array of stripes representing alternating regions of no shear and finite or no slip. Velocity fields and effective slip lengths are computed both from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and solution of the Stokes equation for flow configurations either parallel or perpendicular to the stripes. Excellent agreement between the hydrodynamic and MD results is obtained when the normalized width of the slip regions, a/sigma greater than or approximately equal O (10) , where sigma is the (fluid) molecular diameter characterizing the Lennard-Jones interaction. In this regime, the effective slip length increases monotonically with a/sigma to a saturation value. For a/sigma less than or approximately O (10) and transverse flow configurations, the nonuniform interaction potential at the lower wall constitutes a rough surface whose molecular scale corrugations strongly reduce the effective slip length below the hydrodynamic results. The translational symmetry for longitudinal flow eliminates the influence of molecular scale roughness; however, the reduced molecular ordering above the wetting regions of finite slip for small values of a/sigma increases the value of the effective slip length far above the hydrodynamic predictions. The strong correlation between the effective slip length and the liquid structure factor representative of the first fluid layer near the patterned wall illustrates the influence of molecular ordering effects on slip in noninertial flows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai V Priezjev
- Microfluidic Research & Engineering Laboratory, School of Engineering & Applied Science, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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35
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Adelizzi EA, Troian SM. Interfacial slip in entrained soap films containing associating hydrosoluble polymer. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2004; 20:7482-7492. [PMID: 15323492 DOI: 10.1021/la035480x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Frankel's law predicts that the thickness of a Newtonian soap film entrained at small capillary number scales as Ca2/3 provided the bounding surfaces are rigid. Previous studies have shown that soap films containing low concentrations of high molecular weight (Mw) polymer can exhibit strong deviations from this scaling at low Ca, especially for associating surfactant-polymer solutions. We report results of extensive measurements by laser interferometry of the entrained film thickness versus Ca for the associating pair SDS/PEO over a large range in polymer molecular weight. Comparison of our experimental results to predictions of hydrodynamic models based on viscoelastic behavior shows poor agreement. Modification of the Frankel derivation by an interfacial slip condition yields much improved agreement. These experiments also show that the slip length increases as where zeta = 0.58 +/- 0.07. This correlation is suggestive of the Tolstoi-Larsen prediction that the slip length increases in proportion to the characteristic size of the fluid constituent despite its original derivation for liquid-solid interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Adelizzi
- Microfluidic Research & Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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36
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Esperidião MCA. Chain-Exchange Dynamics at a Polymer−Solid Interface: Effects of Polydispersity and Shear Stress on Linear Low-Density Polyethylene Flow. Ind Eng Chem Res 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ie030106d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cecilia A. Esperidião
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Fisico-Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, rua Barão de Geremoabo, Campus de Ondina s/n, Ondina, CEP 40170-290, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil
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37
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Léger L, Hervet H, Charitat T, Koutsos V. The stick–slip transition in highly entangled poly(styrene-butadiene) melts. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0001-8686(01)00054-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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38
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Yamaguchi M. Flow instability in capillary extrusion of plasticized poly(vinyl chloride). J Appl Polym Sci 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/app.1961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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39
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Lee JH, Archer LA. Entanglement friction and dynamics in blends of starlike and linear polymer molecules. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.1222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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40
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41
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Geoghegan M, Clarke CJ, Boué F, Menelle A, Russ T, Bucknall DG. The Kinetics of Penetration of Grafted Polymers into a Network. Macromolecules 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ma982020f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Geoghegan
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin CEA-CNRS, CE-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, Fakultät für Physik, Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, Polymers and Colloids Group, Cavendish Laboratory, Madingley Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K., and Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - C. J. Clarke
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin CEA-CNRS, CE-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, Fakultät für Physik, Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, Polymers and Colloids Group, Cavendish Laboratory, Madingley Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K., and Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - F. Boué
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin CEA-CNRS, CE-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, Fakultät für Physik, Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, Polymers and Colloids Group, Cavendish Laboratory, Madingley Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K., and Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - A. Menelle
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin CEA-CNRS, CE-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, Fakultät für Physik, Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, Polymers and Colloids Group, Cavendish Laboratory, Madingley Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K., and Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - T. Russ
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin CEA-CNRS, CE-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, Fakultät für Physik, Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, Polymers and Colloids Group, Cavendish Laboratory, Madingley Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K., and Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - D. G. Bucknall
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin CEA-CNRS, CE-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, Fakultät für Physik, Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, Polymers and Colloids Group, Cavendish Laboratory, Madingley Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K., and Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, U.K
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42
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Plucktaveesak N, Wang SQ, Halasa A. Interfacial Flow Behavior of Highly Entangled Polybutadiene Solutions. Macromolecules 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ma981808v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Plucktaveesak
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202
| | - S. Q. Wang
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202
| | - A. Halasa
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202
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43
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Mhetar V, Archer LA. Slip in Entangled Polymer Melts. 2. Effect of Surface Treatment. Macromolecules 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ma980130g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Mhetar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - L. A. Archer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
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