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Łojkowski M, Chlanda A, Choińska E, Swieszkowski W. Water vapor induced self-assembly of islands/honeycomb structure by secondary phase separation in polystyrene solution with bimodal molecular weight distribution. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13299. [PMID: 34168207 PMCID: PMC8225630 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92594-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of complex structures in thin films is of interest in many fields. Segregation of polymer chains of different molecular weights is a well-known process. However, here, polystyrene with bimodal molecular weight distribution, but no additional chemical modification was used. It was proven that at certain conditions, the phase separation occurred between two fractions of bimodal polystyrene/methyl ethyl ketone solution. The films were prepared by spin-coating, and the segregation between polystyrene phases was investigated by force spectroscopy. Next, water vapour induced secondary phase separation was investigated. The introduction of moist airflow induced the self-assembly of the lower molecular weight into islands and the heavier fraction into a honeycomb. As a result, an easy, fast, and effective method of obtaining island/honeycomb morphologies was demonstrated. The possible mechanisms of the formation of such structures were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Łojkowski
- Faculty of Material Sciences and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland.
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technology CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Adrian Chlanda
- Faculty of Material Sciences and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Chemical Synthesis and Flake Graphene, Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Microelectronics and Photonics, Aleja Lotników 32/46, 02-668, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emilia Choińska
- Faculty of Material Sciences and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Swieszkowski
- Faculty of Material Sciences and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland.
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Coveney S, Clarke N. Pattern formation in polymer blend thin films: surface roughening couples to phase separation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:218301. [PMID: 25479524 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.218301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a model for thin films of multicomponent fluids that includes lateral and vertical phase separation, preferential component attraction at both surfaces, and surface roughening. We apply our model to thin films of binary polymer blends, and use simulations of different surface-blend interaction regimes to investigate pattern formation. We demonstrate that surface roughening couples to phase separation. For films undergoing lateral phase separation via a transient wetting layer, this results in distinct stages of roughening as the film evolves between different phase equilibria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Coveney
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Clarke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
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You J, Liao Y, Men Y, Shi T, An L, Li X. Composition Effect on Interplay between Phase Separation and Dewetting in PMMA/SAN Blend Ultrathin Films. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma200082m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jichun You
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yonggui Liao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yongfeng Men
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Tongfei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Lijia An
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xiuhong Li
- SSRF, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
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Characterization of the Microstructure of Phase Segregated Amylopectin and β-Lactoglobulin Dry Mixtures. FOOD BIOPHYS 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11483-007-9041-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Bertoldo M, Coltelli MB, Miraglia L, Narducci P, Bronco S. Surface energy inducing asymmetric phase distribution in films of a bynary polymeric blend. POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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6
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Yan L, Yang F. Prediction and phase segregation in thin-film of conjugated polymer blends. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.20430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wang W, Shiwaku T, Hashimoto T. Phase Separation Dynamics and Pattern Formation in Thin Films of a Liquid Crystalline Copolyester in Its Biphasic Region. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma021790v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan, and State Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials for Adsorption and Separation and Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Toshio Shiwaku
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan, and State Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials for Adsorption and Separation and Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Takeji Hashimoto
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan, and State Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials for Adsorption and Separation and Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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Kosmas MK, Vlahos CH. Comparison of the stability of blends of chemically identical and different homopolymers in the bulk and in a film. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1591720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Cruz MCP, Cassiola FM, Atvars TDZ. Epifluorescence studies and secondary relaxation processes in immiscible blends of polybutadiene-poly(2-vinyl naphthalene) by fluorescence spectroscopy. J Appl Polym Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/app.10389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Wang H, Composto RJ. Kinetics of Surface and Interfacial Fluctuations in Phase Separating Polymer Blend Films. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0116699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Howard Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Laboratory for Research on Structure of Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Russell J. Composto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Laboratory for Research on Structure of Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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Cabral JT, Higgins JS, Yerina NA, Magonov SN. Topography of Phase-Separated Critical and Off-Critical Polymer Mixtures. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0114990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. T. Cabral
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College, London SW7 2BY, United Kingdom, and Digital Instruments/Veeco Metrology Group, 112, Robin Hill Rd., Santa Barbara, California 93117
| | - J. S. Higgins
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College, London SW7 2BY, United Kingdom, and Digital Instruments/Veeco Metrology Group, 112, Robin Hill Rd., Santa Barbara, California 93117
| | - N. A. Yerina
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College, London SW7 2BY, United Kingdom, and Digital Instruments/Veeco Metrology Group, 112, Robin Hill Rd., Santa Barbara, California 93117
| | - S. N. Magonov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College, London SW7 2BY, United Kingdom, and Digital Instruments/Veeco Metrology Group, 112, Robin Hill Rd., Santa Barbara, California 93117
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12
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Green PF, Limary R. Block copolymer thin films: pattern formation and phase behavior. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0001-8686(01)00055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Cabral JT, Higgins JS, McLeish TCB, Strausser S, Magonov SN. Bulk Spinodal Decomposition Studied by Atomic Force Microscopy and Light Scattering. Macromolecules 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0017743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - T. C. B. McLeish
- IRC in Polymer Science and Technology, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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14
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Wang H, Composto RJ. Thin film polymer blends undergoing phase separation and wetting: Identification of early, intermediate, and late stages. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1322638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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15
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Smith MD, Green PF, Saunders R. Anisochemical Homopolymer/Diblock Copolymer Thin Film Blends. Macromolecules 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9908494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Smith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Peter F. Green
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
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