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Wang Z, Qian L, Peng X, Huang Z, Yang Y, He C, Fang P. New Aspects of Degradation in Silicone Rubber under UVA and UVB Irradiation: A Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Study. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13132215. [PMID: 34279359 PMCID: PMC8271979 DOI: 10.3390/polym13132215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) were used to probe the changes of oligomers and the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) network in silicone rubber, after different durations of UVA/UVB irradiation. At the early stage (<300 h) of UVA/UVB irradiation, the concentration of D4-D9 decreases. The o-Ps intensity of the extracted silicone rubber increases in the stage after UVB irradiation. These results indicate the crosslinking of oligomers into the PDMS network. After a long duration (>300 h) of UVB irradiation, D4 was generated and the lifetime of τ3 also increased, indicating the rupture of the Si-O bond in the PDMS network. These two aging processes were termed the post curing process and the chain session process. The new finding was that UVA could only induce the post curing process; UVB causes the rupture of the chemical bond in silicone rubber. Photons of UVB could break the C-H bond, and then trigger the backbiting decomposition of PDMS, breaking the Si-O bond, while the photons of UVA cannot. The fact that D4 was generated after UVB irradiation can be used to evaluate the UVB stability of silicone rubber in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Electric Power Equipment Reliability, Electric Power Research Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510080, China; (Z.W.); (Z.H.)
- Hubei Nuclear-Solid Physics Key Laboratory and Department of Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (L.Q.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Libing Qian
- Hubei Nuclear-Solid Physics Key Laboratory and Department of Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (L.Q.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Xiangyang Peng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Electric Power Equipment Reliability, Electric Power Research Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510080, China; (Z.W.); (Z.H.)
- Correspondence: (X.P.); (C.H.); (P.F.); Tel.: +86-020-85123465 (X.P.)
| | - Zhen Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Electric Power Equipment Reliability, Electric Power Research Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510080, China; (Z.W.); (Z.H.)
| | - Yue Yang
- Hubei Nuclear-Solid Physics Key Laboratory and Department of Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (L.Q.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Chunqing He
- Hubei Nuclear-Solid Physics Key Laboratory and Department of Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (L.Q.); (Y.Y.)
- Correspondence: (X.P.); (C.H.); (P.F.); Tel.: +86-020-85123465 (X.P.)
| | - Pengfei Fang
- Hubei Nuclear-Solid Physics Key Laboratory and Department of Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (L.Q.); (Y.Y.)
- Correspondence: (X.P.); (C.H.); (P.F.); Tel.: +86-020-85123465 (X.P.)
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Ultraviolet radiation aging impact on physicochemical properties of crosslinked polyethylene cable insulation. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Lehner R, Weder C, Petri-Fink A, Rothen-Rutishauser B. Emergence of Nanoplastic in the Environment and Possible Impact on Human Health. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:1748-1765. [PMID: 30629421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 494] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
On account of environmental concerns, the fate and adverse effects of plastics have attracted considerable interest in the past few years. Recent studies have indicated the potential for fragmentation of plastic materials into nanoparticles, i.e., "nanoplastics," and their possible accumulation in the environment. Nanoparticles can show markedly different chemical and physical properties than their bulk material form. Therefore possible risks and hazards to the environment need to be considered and addressed. However, the fate and effect of nanoplastics in the (aquatic) environment has so far been little explored. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the literature on this emerging topic, with an emphasis on the reported impacts of nanoplastics on human health, including the challenges involved in detecting plastics in a biological environment. We first discuss the possible sources of nanoplastics and their fates and effects in the environment and then describe the possible entry routes of these particles into the human body, as well as their uptake mechanisms at the cellular level. Since the potential risks of environmental nanoplastics to humans have not yet been extensively studied, we focus on studies demonstrating cell responses induced by polystyrene nanoparticles. In particular, the influence of particle size and surface chemistry are discussed, in order to understand the possible risks of nanoplastics for humans and provide recommendations for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Lehner
- Adolphe Merkle Institute , University of Fribourg , Chemin des Verdiers 4 , 1700 Fribourg , Switzerland
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute , University of Fribourg , Chemin des Verdiers 4 , 1700 Fribourg , Switzerland
| | - Alke Petri-Fink
- Adolphe Merkle Institute , University of Fribourg , Chemin des Verdiers 4 , 1700 Fribourg , Switzerland
- Chemistry Department , University of Fribourg , Chemin du Musée 9 , 1700 Fribourg , Switzerland
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Evolution of microstructure of epoxy coating during UV degradation progress studied by slow positron annihilation spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Qi L, Ding YF, Dong QX, Wen B, Liu P, Wang F, Zhang SM, Yang MS. UV photodegradation of polypropylene thick bars containing rutile-type TiO2 nanorods. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-014-1472-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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7
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Qi L, Ding Y, Dong Q, Wen B, Wang F, Zhang S, Yang M. Photostabilization of polypropylene by surface modified rutile-type TiO2nanorods. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Qi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfen Ding
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
| | - Quanxiao Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Architectural Functional Macromolecular Materials; Beijing Building Construction Research Institute, Co., Ltd.; Beijing 100039 People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
| | - Shimin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
| | - Mingshu Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
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Wang H, Liu S, Chung TS, Chen H, Jean YC, Pramoda KP. The evolution of poly(hydroxyamide amic acid) to poly(benzoxazole) via stepwise thermal cyclization: Structural changes and gas transport properties. POLYMER 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Study of the photodegradation of epoxy polymers with slow positron annihilation spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.20135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Li Y, Wu Y, Zhang R, Chen H, Zhang J, Suzuki T, Sandreckzki T, Ohdaira T, Jean Y. Salt weathering effect of polymer coatings studied by positron annihilation spectroscopy. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0969-806x(03)00236-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mallon P, Greyling C, Vosloo W, Jean Y. Positron annihilation spectroscopy study of high-voltage polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) insulators. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0969-806x(03)00204-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Weathering durability of commercial polymeric coatings tested by positron annihilation spectroscopy. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0969-806x(03)00238-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Jean Y, Mallon P, Zhang R, Chen H, Li Y, Zhang J, Wu Y, Sandreczki T, Suzuki R, Ohdaira T, Gu X, Nguyen T. Positron studies of polymeric coatings. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0969-806x(03)00190-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Li Y, Zhang R, Chen H, Zhang J, Suzuki R, Ohdaira T, Feldstein MM, Jean YC. Depth Profile of Free Volume in a Mixture and Copolymers of Poly(N-vinyl-pyrrolidone) and Poly(ethylene glycol) Studied by Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy. Biomacromolecules 2003; 4:1856-64. [PMID: 14606919 DOI: 10.1021/bm034292i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Effect of hydrogen bonding on the depth profile of the free-volume in a mixture (weight ratio of 65:35) of poly(N-vinyl-pyrrolidone) (PVP) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and the copolymers of vinyl pyrrolidone with poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PVP-PEGDA) and monomethacrylate (PVP-PEGMMA) was studied using positron annihilation spectroscopy. Doppler broadening energy spectra of annihilation radiation and positron annihilation lifetime were measured as a function of positron incident energy (0-30 keV). Significant variations of the free-volume depth profile in terms of the S parameter, ortho-positronium lifetime, intensity, and lifetime distribution are observed as a result of the hydrogen-bonding replacement of covalent bonds. The polymer mixture with hydrogen bonding through two sides of PEG short chains has a larger free volume and a wider distribution than the comb-structured PVP-PEGMMA and the network structured PVP-PEGDA. A longer ortho-positronium lifetime is observed near the surface than in the bulk. This is interpreted in terms of surface effect, free volume, and hydrogen bonding for drug delivery applications of polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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Wu YC, Huang CM, Li Y, Zhang R, Chen H, Mallon PE, Zhang J, Sandreczki TC, Zhu DM, Jean YC, Suzuki R, Ohdaira T. Deterioration of a polyurethane coating studied by positron annihilation spectroscopy: Correlation with surface properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.1202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Zhang R, Chen H, Cao H, Huang CM, Mallon PE, Li Y, He Y, Sandreczki TC, Jean YC, Suzuki R, Ohdaira T. Degradation of polymer coating systems studied by positron annihilation spectroscopy. IV. Oxygen effect of UV irradiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.1179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Cao H, Zhang R, Chen H, Mallon P, Huang CM, He Y, Sandreczki T, Jean Y, Nielsen B, Friessnegg T, Suzuki R, Ohdaira T. Application of slow positrons to coating degradation. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0969-806x(00)00237-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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