1
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Vu LY, Luo D, Johnson K, Denehy ED, Songrady JC, Martin J, Trivedi R, Alsum AR, Shaykin JD, Chaudhary CL, Woloshin EJ, Kornberger L, Bhuiyan N, Parkin S, Jiang Q, Che T, Alilain W, Turner JR, Bardo MT, Prisinzano TE. Searching for Synthetic Opioid Rescue Agents: Identification of a Potent Opioid Agonist with Reduced Respiratory Depression. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 38810170 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
While in the process of designing more effective synthetic opioid rescue agents, we serendipitously identified a new chemotype of potent synthetic opioid. Here, we report that conformational constraint of a piperazine ring converts a mu opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist into a potent MOR agonist. The prototype of the series, which we have termed atoxifent (2), possesses potent in vitro agonist activity. In mice, atoxifent displayed long-lasting antinociception that was reversible with naltrexone. Repeated dosing of atoxifent produced antinociceptive tolerance and a level of withdrawal like that of fentanyl. In rats, while atoxifent produced complete loss of locomotor activity like fentanyl, it failed to produce deep respiratory depression associated with fentanyl-induced lethality. Assessment of brain biodistribution demonstrated ample distribution of atoxifent into the brain with a Tmax of approximately 0.25 h. These results indicate enhanced safety for atoxifent-like molecules compared to fentanyl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loan Y Vu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Kai Johnson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Emily D Denehy
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Judy C Songrady
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Jocelyn Martin
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Riya Trivedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Alexia R Alsum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Jakob D Shaykin
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Chhabi L Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Eric J Woloshin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Lindsay Kornberger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Nazmul Bhuiyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Sean Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Qianru Jiang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Tao Che
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Warren Alilain
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Jill R Turner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Michael T Bardo
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Thomas E Prisinzano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
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2
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Emadi R, Bahrami Nekoo A, Molaverdi F, Khorsandi Z, Sheibani R, Sadeghi-Aliabadi H. Applications of palladium-catalyzed C-N cross-coupling reactions in pharmaceutical compounds. RSC Adv 2023; 13:18715-18733. [PMID: 37346956 PMCID: PMC10280806 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07412e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
C-N cross-coupling bond formation reactions have become valuable approaches to synthesizing anilines and their derivatives, known as important chemical compounds. Recent developments in this field have focused on versatile catalysts, simple operation methods, and green reaction conditions. This review article presents an overview of C-N cross-coupling reactions in pharmaceutical compound synthesis reports. Selected examples of N-arylation reactions of various nitrogen-based compounds and aryl halides are defined for preparing pharmaceutical molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Emadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry & Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Abbas Bahrami Nekoo
- Nanoalvand Pharmaceutical Company, Department of Quality Control, Unit of Raw Materials Simindasht Alborz Iran
| | - Fatemeh Molaverdi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, Tehran University Tehran Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Zahra Khorsandi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan 81746-73461 Iran
| | - Reza Sheibani
- Amirkabir University of Technology-Mahshahr Campus University St., Nahiyeh san'ati Mahshahr Khouzestan Iran
| | - Hojjat Sadeghi-Aliabadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan 81746-73461 Iran
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3
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Tocco G, Laus A, Vanejevs M, Ture A, Mostallino R, Pintori N, De Luca MA, Castelli MP, Di Chiara G. 3-[3-(Phenalkylamino)cyclohexyl]phenols: Synthesis, biological activity, and in silico investigation of a naltrexone-derived novel class of MOR-antagonists. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2200432. [PMID: 36328777 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel μ-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonists is one of the main objectives of drug discovery and development. Based on a simplified version of the morphinan scaffold, 3-[3-(phenalkylamino)cyclohexyl]phenol analogs were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their MOR antagonist activity in vitro and in silico. At the highest concentrations, the compounds decreased by 52% to 75% DAMGO-induced GTPγS stimulation, suggesting that they acted as antagonists. Moreover, Extra-Precision Glide and Generalized-Born Surface Area experiments provided useful information on the nature of the ligand-receptor interactions, indicating a peculiar combination of C-1 stereochemistry and N-substitutions as feasibly essential for MOR-ligand complex stability. Interestingly, compound 9 showed the best experimental binding affinity, the highest antagonist activity, and the finest MOR-ligand complex stability. In silico experiments also revealed that the most promising stereoisomer (1R, 3R, 5S) 9 retained 1,3-cis configuration with phenol ring equatorial oriented. Further studies are needed to better characterize the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic properties of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziella Tocco
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonio Laus
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maksims Vanejevs
- Laboratory of CNS Active Compounds, Latvian Institute of Organic Chemistry, Riga, Latvia
| | - Anastasija Ture
- Laboratory of CNS Active Compounds, Latvian Institute of Organic Chemistry, Riga, Latvia
| | - Rafaela Mostallino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Nicholas Pintori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta De Luca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - M Paola Castelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gaetano Di Chiara
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
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4
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Ravilla L, Venkata subba Naidu N, Dogra S, Umrao D, Yadav PN, Biswas A, Michael D, Sekar K, Nagarajan K. Opioid Receptor Modulators with a Cinnamyl Group. J Med Chem 2017; 60:6733-6750. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh Ravilla
- R&D Centre, Alkem Laboratories Ltd., Peenya Ind. Area, 3rd Stage, Bangalore 560 058, India
- Department
of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517 502, India
| | | | - Shalini Dogra
- Pharmacology
Division, CSIR—Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226 031, India
| | - Deepmala Umrao
- Pharmacology
Division, CSIR—Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226 031, India
| | - Prem N. Yadav
- Pharmacology
Division, CSIR—Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226 031, India
| | - Ansuman Biswas
- Department
of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Daliah Michael
- Department
of Computational and Data Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Kanagaraj Sekar
- Department
of Computational and Data Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Kuppuswamy Nagarajan
- R&D Centre, Alkem Laboratories Ltd., Peenya Ind. Area, 3rd Stage, Bangalore 560 058, India
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5
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Abstract
![]()
Pd-catalyzed
cross-coupling reactions that form C–N bonds
have become useful methods to synthesize anilines and aniline derivatives,
an important class of compounds throughout chemical research. A key
factor in the widespread adoption of these methods has been the continued
development of reliable and versatile catalysts that function under
operationally simple, user-friendly conditions. This review provides
an overview of Pd-catalyzed N-arylation reactions found in both basic
and applied chemical research from 2008 to the present. Selected examples
of C–N cross-coupling reactions between nine classes of nitrogen-based
coupling partners and (pseudo)aryl halides are described for the synthesis
of heterocycles, medicinally relevant compounds, natural products,
organic materials, and catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ruiz-Castillo
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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6
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Sperry JB, Price Wiglesworth KE, Edmonds I, Fiore P, Boyles DC, Damon DB, Dorow RL, Piatnitski Chekler EL, Langille J, Coe JW. Kiloscale Buchwald–Hartwig Amination: Optimized Coupling of Base-Sensitive 6-Bromoisoquinoline-1-carbonitrile with (S)-3-Amino-2-methylpropan-1-ol. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op5002319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B. Sperry
- Chemical
Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., 558 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kristin E. Price Wiglesworth
- Chemical
Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., 558 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ian Edmonds
- Bridge Organics, 311 West Washington
Street, Vicksburg, Michigan 49097, United States
| | - Phillip Fiore
- Bridge Organics, 311 West Washington
Street, Vicksburg, Michigan 49097, United States
| | - David C. Boyles
- Chemical
Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., 558 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David B. Damon
- Chemical
Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., 558 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Roberta L. Dorow
- Chemical
Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., 558 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Eugene L. Piatnitski Chekler
- Pfizer
Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Inc., 558 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jonathan Langille
- Pfizer
Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Inc., 558 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jotham W. Coe
- Pfizer
Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Inc., 558 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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7
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Kormos CM, Cueva JP, Gichinga MG, Runyon SP, Thomas JB, Brieaddy LE, Mascarella SW, Gilmour BP, Navarro HA, Carroll FI. Effect of the 3- and 4-methyl groups on the opioid receptor properties of N-substituted trans-3,4-dimethyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperidines. J Med Chem 2014; 57:3140-7. [PMID: 24635568 PMCID: PMC4070716 DOI: 10.1021/jm500184j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
N-substituted trans-3,4-dimethyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperidines
(2a,b) are opioid receptor antagonists where
the antagonist properties are not due to the type of N-substituent.
In order to gain a better understanding of the contribution that the
3- and 4-methyl groups make to the pure antagonist properties of 2a,b, we synthesized analogues of 2a,b that lacked the 4-methyl (5a,b), 3-methyl (6a,b), and both the 3- and
4-methyl group (7a,b) and compared their
opioid receptor properties. We found that (1) all N-methyl and N-phenylpropyl substituted compounds
were nonselective opioid antagonists (2) all N-phenylpropyl
analogues were more potent than their N-methyl counterparts,
and (3) compounds 2a,b which have both a
3- and 4-methyl substituent, were more potent antagonists than analogues 5a,b, 6a,b, and 7a,b. We also found that the removal of 3-methyl
substituent of N-methyl and N-phenylpropyl
3-methyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperazines (8a,b) gives (4a,b), which are opioid
antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad M Kormos
- Center for Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Research Triangle Institute , P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
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8
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Urbano M, Guerrero M, Rosen H, Roberts E. Antagonists of the kappa opioid receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:2021-32. [PMID: 24690494 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The research community has increasingly focused on the development of OPRK antagonists as pharmacotherapies for the treatment of depression, anxiety, addictive disorders and other psychiatric conditions produced or exacerbated by stress. Short-acting OPRK antagonists have been recently developed as a potential improvement over long-acting prototypic ligands including nor-BNI and JDTic. Remarkably the short-acting LY2456302 is undergoing phase II clinical trials for the augmentation of the antidepressant therapy in treatment-resistant depression. This Letter reviews relevant chemical and pharmacological advances in the identification and development of OPRK antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Urbano
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Miguel Guerrero
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Hugh Rosen
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States; The Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States; Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Edward Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States.
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9
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Kormos CM, Jin C, Cueva JP, Runyon SP, Thomas JB, Brieaddy LE, Mascarella SW, Navarro HA, Gilmour BP, Carroll FI. Discovery of N-{4-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methylpiperazin-1-yl]methyl-2-methylpropyl}-4-phenoxybenzamide analogues as selective kappa opioid receptor antagonists. J Med Chem 2013; 56:4551-67. [PMID: 23651437 DOI: 10.1021/jm400275h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There is continuing interest in the discovery and development of new κ opioid receptor antagonists. We recently reported that N-substituted 3-methyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperazines were a new class of opioid receptor antagonists. In this study, we report the syntheses of two piperazine JDTic-like analogues. Evaluation of the two compounds in an in vitro [(35)S]GTPγS binding assay showed that neither compound showed the high potency and κ opioid receptor selectivity of JDTic. A library of compounds using the core scaffold 21 was synthesized and tested for their ability to inhibit [(35)S]GTPγS binding stimulated by the selective κ opioid agonist U69,593. These studies led to N-[(1S)-1-{[(3S)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methylpiperazin-1-yl]methyl}-2-methylpropyl]-4-phenoxybenzamide (11a), a compound that showed good κ opioid receptor antagonist properties. An SAR study based on 11a provided 28 novel analogues. Evaluation of these 28 compounds in the [(35)S]GTPγS binding assay showed that several of the analogues were potent and selective κ opioid receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad M Kormos
- Center for Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Research Triangle Institute, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
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