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Saha D, Kharbanda A, Yan W, Lakkaniga NR, Frett B, Li HY. The Exploration of Chirality for Improved Druggability within the Human Kinome. J Med Chem 2020; 63:441-469. [PMID: 31550151 PMCID: PMC10536157 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chirality is important in drug discovery because stereoselective drugs can ameliorate therapeutic difficulties including adverse toxicity and poor pharmacokinetic profiles. The human kinome, a major druggable enzyme class has been exploited to treat a wide range of diseases. However, many kinase inhibitors are planar and overlap in chemical space, which leads to selectivity and toxicity issues. By exploring chirality within the kinome, a new iteration of kinase inhibitors is being developed to better utilize the three-dimensional nature of the kinase active site. Exploration into novel chemical space, in turn, will also improve drug solubility and pharmacokinetic profiles. This perspective explores the role of chirality to improve kinome druggability and will serve as a resource for pioneering kinase inhibitor development to address current therapeutic needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasmita Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Anupreet Kharbanda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Naga Rajiv Lakkaniga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Brendan Frett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Hong-Yu Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
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Jin M, Petronella BA, Cooke A, Kadalbajoo M, Siu KW, Kleinberg A, May EW, Gokhale PC, Schulz R, Kahler J, Bittner MA, Foreman K, Pachter JA, Wild R, Epstein D, Mulvihill MJ. Discovery of novel insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor inhibitors with unique time-dependent binding kinetics. ACS Med Chem Lett 2013; 4:627-31. [PMID: 24900721 DOI: 10.1021/ml400160a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This letter describes a series of small molecule inhibitors of IGF-1R with unique time-dependent binding kinetics and slow off-rates. Structure-activity and structure-kinetic relationships were elucidated and guided further optimizations within the series, culminating in compound 2. With an IGF-1R dissociative half-life (t 1/2) of >100 h, compound 2 demonstrated significant and extended PD effects in conjunction with tumor growth inhibition in xenograft models at a remarkably low and intermittent dose, which correlated with the observed in vitro slow off-rate properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meizhong Jin
- OSI Pharmaceuticals, LLC, A wholly owned subsidiary
of Astellas US LLC, 1 Bioscience Park Drive, Farmingdale, New York
11735, United States
| | - Brenda A. Petronella
- OSI Pharmaceuticals, LLC, A wholly owned subsidiary
of Astellas US LLC, 1 Bioscience Park Drive, Farmingdale, New York
11735, United States
| | - Andy Cooke
- OSI Pharmaceuticals, LLC, A wholly owned subsidiary
of Astellas US LLC, 1 Bioscience Park Drive, Farmingdale, New York
11735, United States
| | - Mridula Kadalbajoo
- OSI Pharmaceuticals, LLC, A wholly owned subsidiary
of Astellas US LLC, 1 Bioscience Park Drive, Farmingdale, New York
11735, United States
| | - Kam W. Siu
- OSI Pharmaceuticals, LLC, A wholly owned subsidiary
of Astellas US LLC, 1 Bioscience Park Drive, Farmingdale, New York
11735, United States
| | - Andrew Kleinberg
- OSI Pharmaceuticals, LLC, A wholly owned subsidiary
of Astellas US LLC, 1 Bioscience Park Drive, Farmingdale, New York
11735, United States
| | - Earl W. May
- OSI Pharmaceuticals, LLC, A wholly owned subsidiary
of Astellas US LLC, 1 Bioscience Park Drive, Farmingdale, New York
11735, United States
| | - Prafulla C. Gokhale
- OSI Pharmaceuticals, LLC, A wholly owned subsidiary
of Astellas US LLC, 1 Bioscience Park Drive, Farmingdale, New York
11735, United States
| | - Ryan Schulz
- OSI Pharmaceuticals, LLC, A wholly owned subsidiary
of Astellas US LLC, 1 Bioscience Park Drive, Farmingdale, New York
11735, United States
| | - Jennifer Kahler
- OSI Pharmaceuticals, LLC, A wholly owned subsidiary
of Astellas US LLC, 1 Bioscience Park Drive, Farmingdale, New York
11735, United States
| | - Mark A. Bittner
- OSI Pharmaceuticals, LLC, A wholly owned subsidiary
of Astellas US LLC, 1 Bioscience Park Drive, Farmingdale, New York
11735, United States
| | - Kenneth Foreman
- OSI Pharmaceuticals, LLC, A wholly owned subsidiary
of Astellas US LLC, 1 Bioscience Park Drive, Farmingdale, New York
11735, United States
| | - Jonathan A. Pachter
- OSI Pharmaceuticals, LLC, A wholly owned subsidiary
of Astellas US LLC, 1 Bioscience Park Drive, Farmingdale, New York
11735, United States
| | - Robert Wild
- OSI Pharmaceuticals, LLC, A wholly owned subsidiary
of Astellas US LLC, 1 Bioscience Park Drive, Farmingdale, New York
11735, United States
| | - David Epstein
- OSI Pharmaceuticals, LLC, A wholly owned subsidiary
of Astellas US LLC, 1 Bioscience Park Drive, Farmingdale, New York
11735, United States
| | - Mark J. Mulvihill
- OSI Pharmaceuticals, LLC, A wholly owned subsidiary
of Astellas US LLC, 1 Bioscience Park Drive, Farmingdale, New York
11735, United States
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Small-molecule ATP-competitive dual IGF-1R and insulin receptor inhibitors: structural insights, chemical diversity and molecular evolution. Future Med Chem 2012; 4:315-28. [PMID: 22393939 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.11.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
IGF-1R has been recognized as a major target in cancer drug discovery due to its strong implications in various stages of tumorigenesis based on accumulated preclinical data. Recent research on compensatory crosstalk between IGF-1R and insulin receptor (IR) signaling pathways suggests that targeting both IGF-1R and IR should result in a more therapeutically beneficial response, than targeting IGF-1R alone (e.g., IGF-1R-specific antibodies). These findings provided biological rationale and opened the door to the discovery of a variety of small-molecule dual IGF-1R and IR inhibitors. In this review we summarize the recent developments in this field, with a focus on binding modes and binding interactions of these inhibitors with IGF-1R and/or IR. Selectivity of these inhibitors has been discussed in this context as well. This is an important area to be discussed since one of the major challenges in kinase inhibitor drug discovery is to build an optimal selectivity profile based on biological rationale.
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