1
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Nyman J, Guo N, Sandström A, Hallberg M, Nyberg F, Yu L. The amino-terminal heptapeptide of the algesic substance P provides analgesic effect in relieving chronic neuropathic pain. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 892:173820. [PMID: 33345847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Of painful conditions, somatic pain of acute nociceptive origin can be effectively managed clinically, while neuropathic pain of chronic neuropathy origin is difficult to control. For molecules involved in pain sensation, substance P (SP) is algesic, exacerbating painful sensation, while its amino-terminal fragment, heptapeptide SP(1-7), confers biological activities different from its full-length parent neuropeptide precursor. We previously demonstrated SP(1-7) interaction with pain processing to alleviate chronic pain. Here we evaluated SP(1-7) and its C-terminal amidated analogue SP(1-7)amide, together with SP and opioid agonist DAMGO. We tested mouse behaviors of both acute somatic pain in tail-flick latency assay, and neuropathic pain in sciatic nerve injury model of chronic constriction injury (CCI). DAMGO produced dose-dependent analgesia for somatic pain as expected, so did both SP(1-7) and its analogue SP(1-7)amide, while SP yielded the opposite effect of algesia, in a phenomenon we termed 'contrintus', meaning 'opposite from within' to denote that two peptides of the same origin (SP and its metabolic fragment SP(1-7)) produced opposite effects. In CCI model, DAMGO showed a general reduction in allodynia sensitivity for both nerve-injured and normal paws, without selective effect for neuropathic pain, consistent with clinical observation that opioids are less effective for chronic neuropathic pain. On the other hand, both SP(1-7) and SP(1-7)amide displayed dose-dependent anti-allodynia effect that is selective for neuropathic pain. These findings suggest that SP(1-7) and its analogue may be useful for developing pharmaceuticals to treat neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Nyman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 591, S-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ning Guo
- Department of Genetics, and Center of Alcohol & Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8001, USA
| | - Anja Sandström
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 574, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mathias Hallberg
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 591, S-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fred Nyberg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 591, S-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Genetics, and Center of Alcohol & Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8001, USA.
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2
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Schilling W, Das S. Transition Metal-Free Synthesis of Carbamates Using CO 2 as the Carbon Source. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:6246-6258. [PMID: 33107690 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of carbon dioxide as a C1 synthon is highly attractive for the synthesis of valuable chemicals. However, activation of CO2 is highly challenging, owing to its thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness. With this in mind, several strategies have been developed for the generation of carbon-heteroatom bonds. Among these, formation of C-N bonds is highly attractive, especially, when carbamates can be synthesized directly from CO2 . This Minireview focuses on transition metal-free approaches for the fixation of CO2 to generate carbamates for the production of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Within the past decade, transition metal-free approaches have gained increasing attention, but traditional reviews have rarely focused on these approaches. Direct comparisons between such methods have been even more scarce. This Minireview seeks to address this discrepancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar Schilling
- Institute for Biomolecular and Organic Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammanstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shoubhik Das
- ORSY division, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
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3
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Kumari S, Carmona AV, Tiwari AK, Trippier PC. Amide Bond Bioisosteres: Strategies, Synthesis, and Successes. J Med Chem 2020; 63:12290-12358. [PMID: 32686940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The amide functional group plays a key role in the composition of biomolecules, including many clinically approved drugs. Bioisosterism is widely employed in the rational modification of lead compounds, being used to increase potency, enhance selectivity, improve pharmacokinetic properties, eliminate toxicity, and acquire novel chemical space to secure intellectual property. The introduction of a bioisostere leads to structural changes in molecular size, shape, electronic distribution, polarity, pKa, dipole or polarizability, which can be either favorable or detrimental to biological activity. This approach has opened up new avenues in drug design and development resulting in more efficient drug candidates introduced onto the market as well as in the clinical pipeline. Herein, we review the strategic decisions in selecting an amide bioisostere (the why), synthetic routes to each (the how), and success stories of each bioisostere (the implementation) to provide a comprehensive overview of this important toolbox for medicinal chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Kumari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Angelica V Carmona
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Paul C Trippier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States.,Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States.,UNMC Center for Drug Discovery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
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4
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Caroleo MC, Brizzi A, De Rosa M, Pandey A, Gallelli L, Badolato M, Carullo G, Cione E. Targeting Neuropathic Pain: Pathobiology, Current Treatment and Peptidomimetics as a New Therapeutic Opportunity. Curr Med Chem 2019; 27:1469-1500. [PMID: 31142248 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190530121133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There is a huge need for pharmaceutical agents for the treatment of chronic Neuropathic Pain (NP), a complex condition where patients can suffer from either hyperalgesia or allodynia originating from central or peripheral nerve injuries. To date, the therapeutic guidelines include the use of tricyclic antidepressants, serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors and anticonvulsants, beside the use of natural compounds and non-pharmacological options. Unfortunately, these drugs suffer from limited efficacy and serious dose-dependent adverse effects. In the last decades, the heptapeptide SP1-7, the major bioactive metabolite produced by Substance P (SP) cleavage, has been extensively investigated as a potential target for the development of novel peptidomimetic molecules to treat NP. Although the physiological effects of this SP fragment have been studied in detail, the mechanism behind its action is not fully clarified and the target for SP1-7 has not been identified yet. Nevertheless, specific binding sites for the heptapeptide have been found in brain and spinal cord of both mouse and rats. Several Structure-Affinity Relationship (SAR) studies on SP1-7 and some of its synthetic analogues have been carried out aiming to developing more metabolically stable and effective small molecule SP1-7-related amides that could be used as research tools for a better understanding of the SP1-7 system and, in a longer perspective, as potential therapeutic agents for future treatment of NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Caroleo
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87026 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Antonella Brizzi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Polo Scientifico San Miniato, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Maria De Rosa
- Drug Discovery Unit, Ri.MED Foundation, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Ankur Pandey
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Punjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Luca Gallelli
- Department of Health Science, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Badolato
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87026 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Gabriele Carullo
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87026 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Erika Cione
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87026 Rende (CS), Italy
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5
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Abstract
Hybrid compounds (also known as chimeras, designed multiple ligands, bivalent compounds) are chemical units where two active components, usually possessing affinity and selectivity for distinct molecular targets, are combined as a single chemical entity. The rationale for using a chimeric approach is well documented as such novel drugs are characterized by their enhanced enzymatic stability and biological activity. This allows their use at lower concentrations, increasing their safety profile, particularly when considering undesirable side effects. In the group of synthetic bivalent compounds, drugs combining pharmacophores having affinities toward opioid and neurokinin-1 receptors have been extensively studied as potential analgesic drugs. Indeed, substance P is known as a major endogenous modulator of nociception both in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Hence, synthetic peptide fragments showing either agonism or antagonism at neurokinin 1 receptor were both assigned with analgesic properties. However, even though preclinical studies designated neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists as promising analgesics, early clinical studies revealed a lack of efficacy in human. Nevertheless, their molecular combination with enkephalin/endomorphin fragments has been considered as a valuable approach to design putatively promising ligands for the treatment of pain. This paper is aimed at summarizing a 20-year journey to the development of potent analgesic hybrid compounds involving an opioid pharmacophore and devoid of unwanted side effects. Additionally, the legitimacy of considering neurokinin-1 receptor ligands in the design of chimeric drugs is discussed.
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Pekošak A, Bulc JŽ, Korat Š, Schuit RC, Kooijman E, Vos R, Rongen M, Verlaan M, Takkenkamp K, Beaino W, Poot AJ, Windhorst AD. Synthesis and Preclinical Evaluation of the First Carbon-11 Labeled PET Tracers Targeting Substance P 1-7. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:4872-4883. [PMID: 30335399 PMCID: PMC6220361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Two
potent SP1–7 peptidomimetics have been successfully
radiolabeled via [11C]CO2-fixation with excellent
yields, purity, and molar activity. l-[11C]SP1–7-peptidomimetic exhibited promising ex vivo biodistribution profile. Metabolite analysis showed that l-[11C]SP1–7-peptidomimetic is stable
in brain and spinal cord, whereas rapid metabolic degradation occurs
in rat plasma. Metabolic stability can be significantly improved by
substituting l-Phe for d-Phe, preserving 70% more
of intact tracer and resulting in better brain and spinal cord tracer
retention. Positron emission tomography (PET) scanning confirmed moderate
brain (1.5 SUV; peak at 3 min) and spinal cord (1.0 SUV; peak at 10
min) uptake for l- and d-[11C]SP1–7-peptidomimetic. A slight decrease in SUV value was
observed after pretreatment with natural peptide SP1–7 in spinal cord for l-[11C]SP1–7-peptidomimetic. On the contrary, blocking using cold analogues of l- and d-[11C]tracers did not reduce the
tracers’ brain and spinal cord exposure. In summary, PET scanning
of l- and d-[11C]SP1–7-peptidomimetics confirms rapid blood–brain barrier and blood–spinal-cord
barrier penetration. Therefore, further validation of these two tracers
targeting SP1–7 is needed in order to define a new
PET imaging target and select its most appropriate radiopharmaceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Pekošak
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine , VU University Medical Center , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Janez Ž Bulc
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine , VU University Medical Center , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Špela Korat
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine , VU University Medical Center , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Robert C Schuit
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine , VU University Medical Center , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Esther Kooijman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine , VU University Medical Center , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Ricardo Vos
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine , VU University Medical Center , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Marissa Rongen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine , VU University Medical Center , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Mariska Verlaan
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine , VU University Medical Center , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Kevin Takkenkamp
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine , VU University Medical Center , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Wissam Beaino
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine , VU University Medical Center , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Alex J Poot
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine , VU University Medical Center , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Albert D Windhorst
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine , VU University Medical Center , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands
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7
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Skogh A, Lesniak A, Sköld C, Karlgren M, Gaugaz FZ, Svensson R, Diwakarla S, Jonsson A, Fransson R, Nyberg F, Hallberg M, Sandström A. An imidazole based H-Phe-Phe-NH 2 peptidomimetic with anti-allodynic effect in spared nerve injury mice. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:2446-2450. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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8
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Skogh A, Lesniak A, Gaugaz FZ, Svensson R, Lindeberg G, Fransson R, Nyberg F, Hallberg M, Sandström A. Impact of N-methylation of the substance P 1–7 amide on anti-allodynic effect in mice after peripheral administration. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 109:533-540. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Shen W, Xiao T, Chen S, Liu F, Chen YZ, Jiang Y. Predicting the Enzymatic Hydrolysis Half‐lives of New Chemicals Using Support Vector Regression Models Based on Stepwise Feature Elimination. Mol Inform 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/minf.201600153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanxiang Shen
- Department of ChemistryTsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, the Graduate School at ShenzhenTsinghua University Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Tao Xiao
- Department of ChemistryTsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, the Graduate School at ShenzhenTsinghua University Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Shangying Chen
- Bioinformatics and Drug Design Group, Department of PharmacyNational University of Singapore Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of ChemistryTsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, the Graduate School at ShenzhenTsinghua University Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Yu Zong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, the Graduate School at ShenzhenTsinghua University Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
- Bioinformatics and Drug Design Group, Department of PharmacyNational University of Singapore Singapore 117543 Singapore
- Shenzhen Kivita Innovative Drug Discovery Institute Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, the Graduate School at ShenzhenTsinghua University Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
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10
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Skogh A, Lesniak A, Gaugaz FZ, Svensson R, Lindeberg G, Fransson R, Nyberg F, Hallberg M, Sandström A. Importance of N- and C-terminal residues of substance P 1-7 for alleviating allodynia in mice after peripheral administration. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:345-351. [PMID: 28587787 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The heptapeptide SP1-7 (1, Arg1-Pro2-Lys3-Pro4-Gln5-Gln6-Phe7) is the major bioactive metabolite formed after proteolytic processing of the neuropeptide substance P (SP, Arg1-Pro2-Lys3-Pro4-Gln5-Gln6-Phe7-Phe8-Gly9-Leu10-Met11-NH2). The heptapeptide 1 frequently exhibits opposite effects to those induced by SP, such as exerting antinociception, or attenuating thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia. The heptapeptide SP1-7 amide (2, Arg1-Pro2-Lys3-Pro4-Gln5-Gln6-Phe7-NH2) is often more efficacious than 1 in experimental pain models. We have now assessed the anti-allodynic outcome after systemic administration of 2 and a series of Ala-substituted and truncated analogues of 2, in the spared nerve injury (SNI) mice model and the results obtained were correlated with in vitro plasma stability and permeability measurements. It is herein demonstrated that an intact Arg1 in SP1-7 amide analogues is fundamental for retaining a potent in vivo effect, while Lys3 of 2 is less important. A displacement with Ala1 or truncation rendered the peptide analogues either inactive or with a significantly attenuated in vivo activity. Thus, the pentapeptide SP3-7 amide (7, t1/2=11.1 min) proven to be the major metabolite of 2, demonstrated an in vivo effect itself although considerably less significant than 2 in the SNI model. Intraperitoneal administration of 2 in a low dose furnished the most powerful anti-allodynic effect in the SNI model of all the analogous evaluated, despite a fast proteolysis of 2 in plasma (t1/2=6.4 min). It is concluded that not only the C-terminal residue, that we previously demonstrated, but also the N-terminal with its basic side chain, are important for achieving effective pain relief. This information is of value for the further design process aimed at identifying more drug-like SP1-7 amide related peptidomimetics with pronounced anti-allodynic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Skogh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Lesniak
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Bioscience, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 591, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fabienne Z Gaugaz
- Uppsala Drug Optimization and Pharmaceutical Profiling Platform (UDOPP), Science for Life Laboratory Drug Discovery and Development Platform, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Richard Svensson
- Uppsala Drug Optimization and Pharmaceutical Profiling Platform (UDOPP), Science for Life Laboratory Drug Discovery and Development Platform, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Lindeberg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rebecca Fransson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fred Nyberg
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Bioscience, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 591, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mathias Hallberg
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Bioscience, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 591, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anja Sandström
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
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11
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Jonsson A, Fransson R, Haramaki Y, Skogh A, Brolin E, Watanabe H, Nordvall G, Hallberg M, Sandström A, Nyberg F. Small constrained SP1-7 analogs bind to a unique site and promote anti-allodynic effects following systemic injection in mice. Neuroscience 2015; 298:112-9. [PMID: 25862586 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Previous results have shown that the substance P (SP) N-terminal fragment SP1-7 may attenuate hyperalgesia and produce anti-allodynia in animals using various experimental models for neuropathic pain. The heptapeptide was found to induce its effects through binding to and activating specific sites apart from any known neurokinin or opioid receptor. Furthermore, we have applied a medicinal chemistry program to develop lead compounds mimicking the effect of SP1-7. The present study was designed to evaluate the pharmacological effect of these compounds using the mouse spared nerve injury (SNI) model of chronic neuropathic pain. Also, as no comprehensive screen with the aim to identify the SP1-7 target has yet been performed we screened our lead compound H-Phe-Phe-NH2 toward a panel of drug targets. The extensive target screen, including 111 targets, did not reveal any hit for the binding site among a number of known receptors or enzymes involved in pain modulation. Our animal studies confirmed that SP1-7, but also synthetic analogs thereof, possesses anti-allodynic effects in the mouse SNI model of neuropathic pain. One of the lead compounds, a constrained H-Phe-Phe-NH2 analog, was shown to exhibit a significant anti-allodynic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jonsson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Box 591, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - R Fransson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Y Haramaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Box 591, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - A Skogh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - E Brolin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Box 591, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - H Watanabe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Box 591, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - G Nordvall
- AstraZeneca, CNSP iMed Södertälje, Research & Development Innovative Medicines, SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden.
| | - M Hallberg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Box 591, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - A Sandström
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - F Nyberg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Box 591, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
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