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Zhang Y, Li M, Li B, Sheng W. Surface Functionalization with Polymer Brushes via Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: Synthesis, Applications, and Current Challenges. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:5571-5589. [PMID: 38440955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Polymer brushes have received great attention in recent years due to their distinctive properties and wide range of applications. The synthesis of polymer brushes typically employs surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) techniques. To realize the control of the polymerization process in different environments, various SI-ATRP techniques triggered by different stimuli have been developed. This review focuses on the latest developments in different stimuli-triggered SI-ATRP methods, such as electrochemically mediated, photoinduced, enzyme-assisted, mechanically controlled, and organocatalyzed ATRP. Additionally, SI-ATRP technology triggered by a combination of multiple stimuli sources is also discussed. Furthermore, the applications of polymer brushes in lubrication, biological applications, antifouling, and catalysis are also systematically summarized and discussed. Despite the advancements in the synthesis of various types of 1D, 2D, and 3D polymer brushes via controlled radical polymerization, contemporary challenges remain in the quest for more efficient and straightforward synthetic protocols that allow for precise control over the composition, structure, and functionality of polymer brushes. We anticipate the readers could promote the understanding of surface functionalization based on ATRP-mediated polymer brushes and envision future directions for their application in surface coating technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Mengyang Li
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Li
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenbo Sheng
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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2
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Zhou L, Gao RT, Zhang XJ, He K, Xu L, Liu N, Wu ZQ. A Versatile Method for the End-Functionalization of Polycarbenes. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100630. [PMID: 34791733 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
End-functionalization is an effective strategy for constructing functional materials. A method for chain-end functionalization of helical polycarbenes is herein developed that relied on Sonogashira coupling reaction. In this work, a family of helical polycarbenes with controlled molecular mass (Mn ) and low polydispersity (Mw /Mn ) is readily prepared using Pd(II) and the Wei-Phos ligand as initiator. The Pd(II) complex is confirmed to remain at the chain end of polycarbene. Subsequently, a series of terminal alkyne derivatives with interesting functional groups, including the F atom, aldehyde, or anthracene groups, are synthesized. They could be installed at the chain end of polycarbene through Sonogashira coupling reaction catalyzed by the Pd(II) complex at the chain end. Moreover, a couple of hybrid block copolymers are easily obtained by installing terminal alkynes modified by another type of polymer. The structures of the isolated polymers are confirmed by 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H NMR), 19 F nuclear magnetic resonance (19 F NMR), 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance (31 P NMR), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), respectively. The self-assembly properties of the hybrid block copolymers are also investigated by atomic force spectroscopy analysis. By the hereby developed method, various functional groups can be introduced at the chain end of helical polycarbenes for constructing functional polymer materials, moreover, the transition metal residues at the end of polymer chains can be easily removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230009, China
| | - Run-Tan Gao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230009, China
| | - Xin-Jie Zhang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230009, China
| | - Kai He
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230009, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230009, China
| | - Na Liu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230009, China
| | - Zong-Quan Wu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230009, China
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3
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Pronoitis C, Hakkarainen M, Odelius K. Solubility-governed architectural design of polyhydroxyurethane- graft-poly(ε-caprolactone) copolymers. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01089h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyurethane-graft-poly(ε-caprolactone) copolymers were prepared in bulk by designing a polyhydroxyurethane system with polymer-in-monomer solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos Pronoitis
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- 100 44 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Minna Hakkarainen
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- 100 44 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Karin Odelius
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- 100 44 Stockholm
- Sweden
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4
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Yoshida D, Sinawang G, Osaki M, Yamaguchi H, Harada A, Takashima Y. Preparation and activity of ruthenium catalyst based on β-cyclodextrin for ring-opening metathesis polymerization. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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5
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Wei C, Lian C, Yan B, Xiao Y, Lang M, Liu H. Tailor-made chalcogen-rich polycarbonates: experimental and computational insights into chalcogen group-dependent ring opening polymerization. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01569h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A versatile strategy to poly(chalcogen-carbonate) library is presented by organic base catalytic macrocarbonate polymerization. Polymerization depends sensitively on chalcogen groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wei
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials and Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Cheng Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Bingkun Yan
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials and Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Yan Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials and Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Meidong Lang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials and Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Honglai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
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6
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Wang Y, Yang R, Luo W, Li Z, Zhang Z, Wu C, Hadjichristidis N. 2-Azaallyl Anion Initiated Ring-Opening Polymerization of N-Sulfonyl Aziridines: One-Pot Synthesis of Primary Amine-Ended Telechelic Polyaziridines. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ruhan Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Wenyi Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhunxuan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Chuande Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Learsch R, Miyake GM. Arm-First Synthesis of Star Polymers with Polywedge Arms Using Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization and Bifunctional Crosslinkers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE. PART A, POLYMER CHEMISTRY 2018; 56:732-740. [PMID: 30319173 PMCID: PMC6181444 DOI: 10.1002/pola.28946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This work presents a two-step, one-pot process to make star polymers with polywedge arms. In a one-pot reaction, after the polywedge arms are synthesized, crosslinker species are added to the reaction, rapidly forming star polymers. Crosslinker species with different degrees of conformational freedom were designed and synthesized and their capacity to generate star polymers was evaluated. Mass conversions up to 92% and stars with up to 17 arms were synthesized with the most rigid crosslinker. The effects of arm molecular weight and molar ratio of crosslinker to arm on mass conversion and arms per star were explored further. Finally, the size-molecular weight scaling relationship for polywedges with linear and star architectures was compared, corroborating theoretical results regarding star polymers with arms much larger than their core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Learsch
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | - Garret M Miyake
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
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8
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Jin X, Sun P, Tong G, Zhu X. Star polymer-based unimolecular micelles and their application in bio-imaging and diagnosis. Biomaterials 2018; 178:738-750. [PMID: 29429845 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As a novel kind of polymer with covalently linked core-shell structure, star polymers behave in nanostructure in aqueous medium at all concentration range, as unimolecular micelles at high dilution condition and multi-micelle aggregates in other situations. The unique morphologies endow star polymers with excellent stability and functions, making them a promising platform for bio-application. A variety of functions including imaging and therapeutics can be achieved through rational structure design of star polymers, and the existence of plentiful end-groups on shell offers the opportunity for further modification. In the last decades, star polymers have become an attracting platform on fabrication of novel nano-systems for bio-imaging and diagnosis. Focusing on the specific topology and physicochemical properties of star polymers, we have reviewed recent development of star polymer-based unimolecular micelles and their bio-application in imaging and diagnosis. The main content of this review summarizes the synthesis of integrated architecture of star polymers and their self-assembly behavior in aqueous medium, focusing especially on the recent advances on their bio-imaging application and diagnosis use. Finally, we conclude with remarks and give some outlooks for further exploration in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Pei Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Gangsheng Tong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Xinyuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
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9
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Maiti S, Samanta P, Biswas G, Dhara D. Arm-First Approach toward Cross-Linked Polymers with Hydrophobic Domains via Hypervalent Iodine-Mediated Click Chemistry. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:562-575. [PMID: 31457914 PMCID: PMC6641402 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, synthesis of two cross-linked polymeric systems through isoxazoline ring formation using nitrile oxide-acrylate click chemistry has been described. In the first system, styrenic block copolymer with oxime-functionalized middle block was synthesized using S,S'-bis(α,α'-dimethyl-α″-acetic acid)trithiocarbonate as chain-transfer agent using reversible addition fragmentation chain-transfer technique. This block copolymer was further utilized to prepare core cross-linked star polymers by reacting with a four-arm acrylic cross-linker by employing environment-friendly, nontoxic PhI(OAc)2-mediated "click reaction" via the formation of isoxazoline ring. In the second system, two linear styrenic block copolymers, one containing oxime and another containing acrylate group, were reacted to form a cross-linked (CS) polymeric system. Formation of cross-linked polymers and isoxazoline ring was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, NMR spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering studies. Later, we also demonstrated that in aqueous medium these CS polymers produced polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), which can be used as potential carriers of hydrophobic drug molecules. The loading capacity of the hydrophobic domains has been investigated using coumarin dyes with varying hydrophobicity through steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopy studies. The polymeric NPs were also shown to successfully encapsulate a hydrophobic drug doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Pousali Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Gargi Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Dibakar Dhara
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
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10
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Dong H, Zhu Y, Li Z, Xu J, Liu J, Xu S, Wang H, Gao Y, Guo K. Dual Switching in Both RAFT and ROP for Generation of Asymmetric A2A1B1B2 Type Tetrablock Quaterpolymers. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- He Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented
Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical
Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yuejia Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented
Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical
Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented
Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical
Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jiaxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented
Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical
Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented
Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical
Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Songquan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented
Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical
Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Haixin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented
Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical
Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented
Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical
Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Kai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented
Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical
Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, China
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12
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Gu D, Tan S, Xu C, O'Connor AJ, Qiao GG. Engineering tough, highly compressible, biodegradable hydrogels by tuning the network architecture. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:6756-6759. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc02811c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
By tailoring the network architecture, tough, highly compressible, biodegradable hydrogels have been developed. This study also shows that the arrangement of each component in the network has a more significant effect on the overall mechanical properties than the network composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunyin Gu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Shereen Tan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Chenglong Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Andrea J. O'Connor
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Greg G. Qiao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
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13
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d'Arcy R, Burke J, Tirelli N. Branched polyesters: Preparative strategies and applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 107:60-81. [PMID: 27189232 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In the last 20years, the availability of precision chemical tools (e.g. controlled/living polymerizations, 'click' reactions) has determined a step change in the complexity of both the macromolecular architecture and the chemical functionality of biodegradable polyesters. A major part in this evolution has been played by the possibilities that controlled macromolecular branching offers in terms of tailored physical/biological performance. This review paper aims to provide an updated overview of preparative techniques that derive hyperbranched, dendritic, comb, grafted polyesters through polycondensation or ring-opening polymerization mechanisms.
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14
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Chen QJ, An ZS. Synthesis of star polymeric ionic liquids and use as the stabilizers for high internal phase emulsions. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-016-1858-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Gu D, O'Connor AJ, G H Qiao G, Ladewig K. Hydrogels with smart systems for delivery of hydrophobic drugs. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 14:879-895. [PMID: 27705026 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2017.1245290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smart hydrogel systems present opportunities to not only provide hydrophobic molecule encapsulation capability but to also respond to specific delivery routes. Areas covered: An overview of the design principles, preparation methods and applications of hydrogel systems for delivery of hydrophobic drugs is given. It begins with a summary of the advantages of hydrogels as delivery vehicles over other approaches, particularly macromolecular nanocarriers, before proceeding to address the design and preparation strategies and chemistry involved, with a particular focus on the introduction of hydrophobic domains into (naturally) hydrophilic hydrogels. Finally, the applications in different delivery routes are discussed. Expert opinion: Modifications to conventional hydrogels can endow them with the capability to carry hydrophobic drugs but other functions as well, such as the improved mechanical stability, which is important for long-term in vivo residence and/or self-healing properties useful for injectable delivery pathways. These modifications harness hydrophobic-hydrophobic forces, physical interactions and inclusion complexes. The lack of in-depth understanding of these interactions, currently limits more delicate and application-oriented designs. Increased efforts are needed in (i) understanding the interplay of gel formation and simultaneous drug loading; (ii) improving hydrogel systems with respect to their biosafety; and (iii) control over release mechanism and profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunyin Gu
- a Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
| | - Andrea J O'Connor
- a Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
| | - Greg G H Qiao
- a Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
| | - Katharina Ladewig
- a Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
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16
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Felberg LE, Doshi A, Hura GL, Sly J, Piunova VA, Swope WC, Rice JE, Miller R, Head-Gordon T. Structural transition of nanogel star polymers with pH by controlling PEGMA interactions with acid or base copolymers. Mol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2016.1224942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa E. Felberg
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Anjali Doshi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Greg L. Hura
- Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Labs, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Sly
- IBM Research, IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Julia E. Rice
- IBM Research, IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Robert Miller
- IBM Research, IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Teresa Head-Gordon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Labs, Berkeley, CA, USA
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17
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Swope WC, Rice JE, Piunova VA, Carr AC, Miller RD, Sly J. Simulation and Experiments To Identify Factors Allowing Synthetic Control of Structural Features of Polymeric Nanoparticles. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:7546-68. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b03345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William C. Swope
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Julia E. Rice
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Victoria A. Piunova
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Amber C. Carr
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Robert D. Miller
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Joseph Sly
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
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18
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Ren JM, McKenzie TG, Fu Q, Wong EHH, Xu J, An Z, Shanmugam S, Davis TP, Boyer C, Qiao GG. Star Polymers. Chem Rev 2016; 116:6743-836. [PMID: 27299693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 513] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in controlled/living polymerization techniques and highly efficient coupling chemistries have enabled the facile synthesis of complex polymer architectures with controlled dimensions and functionality. As an example, star polymers consist of many linear polymers fused at a central point with a large number of chain end functionalities. Owing to this exclusive structure, star polymers exhibit some remarkable characteristics and properties unattainable by simple linear polymers. Hence, they constitute a unique class of technologically important nanomaterials that have been utilized or are currently under audition for many applications in life sciences and nanotechnologies. This article first provides a comprehensive summary of synthetic strategies towards star polymers, then reviews the latest developments in the synthesis and characterization methods of star macromolecules, and lastly outlines emerging applications and current commercial use of star-shaped polymers. The aim of this work is to promote star polymer research, generate new avenues of scientific investigation, and provide contemporary perspectives on chemical innovation that may expedite the commercialization of new star nanomaterials. We envision in the not-too-distant future star polymers will play an increasingly important role in materials science and nanotechnology in both academic and industrial settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing M Ren
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Thomas G McKenzie
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Qiang Fu
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Edgar H H Wong
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jiangtao Xu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Zesheng An
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University , Shanghai 2000444, People's Republic of China
| | - Sivaprakash Shanmugam
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Thomas P Davis
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Greg G Qiao
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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19
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Ottou WN, Sardon H, Mecerreyes D, Vignolle J, Taton D. Update and challenges in organo-mediated polymerization reactions. Prog Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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20
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Polymeric nanostructures with pH-labile core for controlled drug release. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 462:176-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Yoshizaki T, Kanazawa A, Kanaoka S, Aoshima S. Quantitative and Ultrafast Synthesis of Well-Defined Star-Shaped Poly(p-methoxystyrene) via One-Pot Living Cationic Polymerization. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Yoshizaki
- Department of
Macromolecular Science, Graduate
School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Arihiro Kanazawa
- Department of
Macromolecular Science, Graduate
School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Shokyoku Kanaoka
- Department of
Macromolecular Science, Graduate
School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Sadahito Aoshima
- Department of
Macromolecular Science, Graduate
School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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22
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Miller RD, Yusoff RM, Swope WC, Rice JE, Carr AC, Parker AJ, Sly J, Appel EA, Nguyen T, Piunova V. Water soluble, biodegradable amphiphilic polymeric nanoparticles and the molecular environment of hydrophobic encapsulates: Consistency between simulation and experiment. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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23
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McKenzie TG, Ren JM, Dunstan DE, Wong EHH, Qiao GG. Synthesis of high-order multiblock core cross-linked star polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G. McKenzie
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; The University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Jing M. Ren
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; The University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Dave E. Dunstan
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; The University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Edgar H. H. Wong
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; The University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Greg G. Qiao
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; The University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
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24
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25
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Zhao J, Hadjichristidis N. Polymerization of 5-alkyl δ-lactones catalyzed by diphenyl phosphate and their sequential organocatalytic polymerization with monosubstituted epoxides. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00019j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
One-pot sequential organocatalytic polymerization reactions of 5-alkyl δ-lactones and monosubstituted epoxides were carried out using the base→acid “catalyst switch” strategy, leading to well-defined polyether–polyester block copolymers with various alkyl substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Zhao
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- People's Republic of China 510640
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory
- KAUST Catalysis Center
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- Thuwal 23955
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26
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Gu D, Ladewig K, Klimak M, Haylock D, McLean KM, O'Connor AJ, Qiao GG. Amphiphilic core cross-linked star polymers as water-soluble, biocompatible and biodegradable unimolecular carriers for hydrophobic drugs. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00655d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We report a series of amphiphilic, unimolecular, biocompatible, biodegradable and readily functionalisable PEG-PCL-based CCS polymers formed in a well-controlled manner and their application as a carrier of hydrophobic anthracycline drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Gu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - K. Ladewig
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - M. Klimak
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - D. Haylock
- Manufacturing Flagship
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)
- Materials Science and Engineering
- Clayton
- Australia
| | - K. M. McLean
- Manufacturing Flagship
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)
- Materials Science and Engineering
- Clayton
- Australia
| | - A. J. O'Connor
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - G. G. Qiao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
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27
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Yin G, Chen G, Zhou Z, Li Q. Modification of PEG-b-PCL block copolymer with high melting temperature by the enhancement of POSS crystal and ordered phase structure. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra01971k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkyne-functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane was successfully prepared and further used to modify PEG-b-PCL via click chemistry, resulting in a successful synthesis of POSS grafted PEG-b-PCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
- College of Material Science and Engineering
| | - Guangxin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
- College of Material Science and Engineering
| | - Zheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
- College of Material Science and Engineering
| | - Qifang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers
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28
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Ren JM, Qiao GG. Synthetic Strategies towards Well-Defined Complex Polymeric Architectures through Covalent Chemistry. CHEM-ING-TECH 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201400088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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29
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Zhao J, Pahovnik D, Gnanou Y, Hadjichristidis N. One-pot synthesis of linear- and three-arm star-tetrablock quarterpolymers via sequential metal-free ring-opening polymerization using a “catalyst switch” strategy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Zhao
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division; KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia
| | - David Pahovnik
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division; KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Yves Gnanou
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division; KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia
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30
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Wong EHH, Lam SJ, Nam E, Qiao GG. Biocompatible Single-Chain Polymeric Nanoparticles via Organo-Catalyzed Ring-Opening Polymerization. ACS Macro Lett 2014; 3:524-528. [PMID: 35590720 DOI: 10.1021/mz500225p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study presents a novel approach to synthesize biocompatible single-chain polymeric nanoparticles (SCPN) under mild reaction conditions via organo-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization (ROP). Linear polymeric precursors containing pendent polymerizable caprolactone groups, made by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, were intramolecularly cross-linked via ROP in the presence of benzyl alcohol (nucleophilic initiator) and methanesulfonic acid (organo catalyst) to form discrete, well-defined SCPN, as confirmed by GPC, DLS, 1H NMR, and AFM analysis. The formed SCPN are tunable in size (2-5 nm), depending on the molecular weight of the parent linear macromolecule. Furthermore, cytotoxicity studies revealed that the SCPN, which were covalently cross-linked by biodegradable polyester linkages, were nontoxic toward human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells. This study demonstrates the efficiency and versatility of this approach to generate uniformly sized soft nanoparticles with tunable dimensions that are potentially useful for a range of targeted applications, including drug delivery systems and membranes for gas separation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar H. H. Wong
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Shu Jie Lam
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Eunhyung Nam
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Greg G. Qiao
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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31
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Zhao J, Pahovnik D, Gnanou Y, Hadjichristidis N. A “Catalyst Switch” Strategy for the Sequential Metal-Free Polymerization of Epoxides and Cyclic Esters/Carbonate. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500830v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Zhao
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division and ‡Physical Sciences and Engineering
Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - David Pahovnik
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division and ‡Physical Sciences and Engineering
Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yves Gnanou
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division and ‡Physical Sciences and Engineering
Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division and ‡Physical Sciences and Engineering
Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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32
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Tan S, Wong EHH, Fu Q, Ren JM, Sulistio A, Ladewig K, Blencowe A, Qiao GG. Azobenzene-Functionalised Core Cross-Linked Star Polymers and their Host–Guest Interactions. Aust J Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1071/ch13425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Water-soluble poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) (PHEA)-based core cross-linked star polymers were efficiently synthesised with high macroinitiator-to-star-conversion (>95 %) in a one-pot system via single electron transfer-living radical polymerisation. The star polymers display excellent water solubility and the pendant hydroxyl groups provide a platform for facile post-functionalisation with various molecules. In demonstrating this, a photo-isomerisable molecule, 4-(phenylazo)benzoic acid was conjugated onto the preformed stars through partial esterification of the available hydroxyl groups (5–20 %). The azobenzene functionalised stars were subsequently employed to form reversible inclusion complexes with α-cyclodextrin.
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33
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Chen Q, Cao X, Xu Y, An Z. Emerging Synthetic Strategies for Core Cross-Linked Star (CCS) Polymers and Applications as Interfacial Stabilizers: Bridging Linear Polymers and Nanoparticles. Macromol Rapid Commun 2013; 34:1507-17. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201300487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qijing Chen
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Xueteng Cao
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Zesheng An
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
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34
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Blencowe A, Qiao GG. Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization with the Second Generation Hoveyda–Grubbs Catalyst: An Efficient Approach toward High-Purity Functionalized Macrocyclic Oligo(cyclooctene)s. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:5717-25. [DOI: 10.1021/ja312418z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Blencowe
- Polymer Science Group,
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Greg G. Qiao
- Polymer Science Group,
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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35
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Wong EHH, Blencowe A, Qiao GG. Quantitative formation of core cross-linked star polymers via a one-pot two-step single electron transfer-living radical polymerization. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00726j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Fu Q, Ren JM, Tan S, Xu J, Qiao GG. Synthesis of Novel Core Cross-Linked Star-Based Polyrotaxane End-Capped via “CuAAC” Click Chemistry. Macromol Rapid Commun 2012; 33:2109-14. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201200489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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