1
|
Kalkus T, Shanahan CJ, Smart J, Coskun A, Mayer M. Harvesting Electrical Power during Carbon Capture using Various Amine Solvents. ENERGY & FUELS : AN AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY JOURNAL 2022; 36:11051-11061. [PMID: 36148000 PMCID: PMC9483915 DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.2c02279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
There exists an urgent demand for the advancement of technologies that reduce and capture carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions to mitigate anthropogenic contributions to climate change. This paper compares the maximum power densities achieved from the combination of reverse electrodialysis (RED) with carbon capture (CC) using various CC solvents. Carbon capture reverse electrodialysis (CCRED) harvests energy from the salinity gradients generated from the reaction of CO2 with specific solvents, generally amines. To eliminate the requirement of freshwater as an external resource, we took advantage of a semiclosed system that would allow the inputs to be industrial emissions and heat and the outputs to be electrical power, clean emissions, and captured CO2. We assessed the power density that can be attained using CCRED with five commonly studied CC solvents: monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), 2-amino-2-methyl-2-propanol (AMP), and ammonia. We achieved the highest power density, 0.94 W m-2 cell-1, using ammonia. This work provides a foundation for future iterations of CCRED that may help to incentivize adoption of CC technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor
J. Kalkus
- Adolphe
Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Caitlin J. Shanahan
- Adolphe
Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jansie Smart
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musee 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Ali Coskun
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musee 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Michael Mayer
- Adolphe
Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Woolf MS, Dignan LM, Karas SM, Lewis HM, Hadley KC, Nauman AQ, Gates-Hollingsworth MA, AuCoin DP, Green HR, Geise GM, Landers JP. Characterization of a Centrifugal Microfluidic Orthogonal Flow Platform. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13030487. [PMID: 35334778 PMCID: PMC8950265 DOI: 10.3390/mi13030487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To bring to bear the power of centrifugal microfluidics on vertical flow immunoassays, control of flow orthogonally through nanoporous membranes is essential. The on-disc approach described here leverages the rapid print-cut-laminate (PCL) disc fabrication and prototyping method to create a permanent seal between disc materials and embedded nanoporous membranes. Rotational forces drive fluid flow, replacing capillary action, and complex pneumatic pumping systems. Adjacent microfluidic features form a flow path that directs fluid orthogonally (vertically) through these embedded membranes during assay execution. This method for membrane incorporation circumvents the need for solvents (e.g., acetone) to create the membrane-disc bond and sidesteps issues related to undesirable bypass flow. In other recently published work, we described an orthogonal flow (OF) platform that exploited embedded membranes for automation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Here, we more fully characterize flow patterns and cellulosic membrane behavior within the centrifugal orthogonal flow (cOF) format. Specifically, high-speed videography studies demonstrate that sample volume, membrane pore size, and ionic composition of the sample matrix significantly impact membrane behavior, and consequently fluid drainage profiles, especially when cellulosic membranes are used. Finally, prototype discs are used to demonstrate proof-of-principle for sandwich-type antigen capture and immunodetection within the cOF system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Shane Woolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; (L.M.D.); (S.M.K.); (H.M.L.); (K.C.H.); (A.Q.N.); (J.P.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Leah M. Dignan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; (L.M.D.); (S.M.K.); (H.M.L.); (K.C.H.); (A.Q.N.); (J.P.L.)
| | - Scott M. Karas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; (L.M.D.); (S.M.K.); (H.M.L.); (K.C.H.); (A.Q.N.); (J.P.L.)
| | - Hannah M. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; (L.M.D.); (S.M.K.); (H.M.L.); (K.C.H.); (A.Q.N.); (J.P.L.)
| | - Kevyn C. Hadley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; (L.M.D.); (S.M.K.); (H.M.L.); (K.C.H.); (A.Q.N.); (J.P.L.)
| | - Aeren Q. Nauman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; (L.M.D.); (S.M.K.); (H.M.L.); (K.C.H.); (A.Q.N.); (J.P.L.)
- TeGrex Technologies, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | | | - David P. AuCoin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; (M.A.G.-H.); (D.P.A.); (H.R.G.)
| | - Heather R. Green
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; (M.A.G.-H.); (D.P.A.); (H.R.G.)
| | - Geoffrey M. Geise
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA;
| | - James P. Landers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; (L.M.D.); (S.M.K.); (H.M.L.); (K.C.H.); (A.Q.N.); (J.P.L.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chang K, Luo H, Bannon SM, Lin SY, Agata WAS, Geise GM. Methoxy groups increase water and decrease salt permeability properties of sulfonated polysulfone desalination membranes. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
4
|
Raka YD, Bock R, Karoliussen H, Wilhelmsen Ø, Stokke Burheim O. The Influence of Concentration and Temperature on the Membrane Resistance of Ion Exchange Membranes and the Levelised Cost of Hydrogen from Reverse Electrodialysis with Ammonium Bicarbonate. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:135. [PMID: 33669178 PMCID: PMC7919660 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11020135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ohmic resistances of the anion and cation ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) that constitute a reverse electrodialysis system (RED) are of crucial importance for its performance. In this work, we study the influence of concentration (0.1 M, 0.5 M, 1 M and 2 M) of ammonium bicarbonate solutions on the ohmic resistances of ten commercial IEMs. We also studied the ohmic resistance at elevated temperature 313 K. Measurements have been performed with a direct two-electrode electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) method. As the ohmic resistance of the IEMs depends linearly on the membrane thickness, we measured the impedance for three different layered thicknesses, and the results were normalised. To gauge the role of the membrane resistances in the use of RED for production of hydrogen by use of waste heat, we used a thermodynamic and an economic model to study the impact of the ohmic resistance of the IEMs on hydrogen production rate, waste heat required, thermochemical conversion efficiency and the levelised cost of hydrogen. The highest performance was achieved with a stack made of FAS30 and CSO Type IEMs, producing hydrogen at 8.48× 10-7 kg mmem-2s-1 with a waste heat requirement of 344 kWh kg-1 hydrogen. This yielded an operating efficiency of 9.7% and a levelised cost of 7.80 € kgH2-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yash Dharmendra Raka
- Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Kolbjørn Hejes vei 1B, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; (Y.D.R.); (R.B.); (H.K.)
| | - Robert Bock
- Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Kolbjørn Hejes vei 1B, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; (Y.D.R.); (R.B.); (H.K.)
| | - Håvard Karoliussen
- Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Kolbjørn Hejes vei 1B, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; (Y.D.R.); (R.B.); (H.K.)
| | | | - Odne Stokke Burheim
- Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Kolbjørn Hejes vei 1B, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; (Y.D.R.); (R.B.); (H.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kingsbury R, Coronell O. Modeling and validation of concentration dependence of ion exchange membrane permselectivity: Significance of convection and Manning's counter-ion condensation theory. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
6
|
Ji Y, Luo H, Geise GM. Effects of fixed charge group physicochemistry on anion exchange membrane permselectivity and ion transport. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:7283-7293. [PMID: 32208480 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00018c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the effects of polymer chemistry on membrane ion transport properties is critical for enabling efforts to design advanced highly permselective ion exchange membranes for water purification and energy applications. Here, the effects of fixed charge group type on anion exchange membrane (AEM) apparent permselectivity and ion transport properties were investigated using two crosslinked AEMs. The two AEMs, containing a similar acrylonitrile, styrene and divinyl benzene-based polymer backbone, had either trimethyl ammonium or 1,4-dimethyl imidazolium fixed charge groups. Membrane deswelling, apparent permselectivity and ion transport properties of the two AEMs were characterized using aqueous solutions of lithium chloride, sodium chloride, ammonium chloride, sodium bromide and sodium nitrate. Apparent permselectivity measurements revealed a minor influence of the fixed charge group type on apparent permselectivity. Further analysis of membrane swelling and ion sorption, however, suggests that less hydrophilic fixed charge groups more effectively exclude co-ions compared to more hydrophilic fixed charge groups. Analysis of ion diffusion properties suggest that ion and fixed charge group enthalpy of hydration properties influence ion transport, likely through a counter-ion condensation, ion pairing or binding mechanism. Interactions between fixed charge groups and counter-ions may be stronger if the enthalpy of hydration properties of the ion and fixed charge group are similar, and suppressed counter-ion diffusion was observed in this situation. In general, the hydration properties of the fixed charge group may be important for understanding how fixed charge group chemistry influences ion transport properties in anion exchange membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ji
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, 102 Engineers' Way, P. O. Box 400741, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
| | - Hongxi Luo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, 102 Engineers' Way, P. O. Box 400741, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
| | - Geoffrey M Geise
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, 102 Engineers' Way, P. O. Box 400741, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chang K, Geise GM. Dielectric Permittivity Properties of Hydrated Polymers: Measurement and Connection to Ion Transport Properties. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, 102 Engineers’ Way, P.O.
Box 400741, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Geoffrey M. Geise
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, 102 Engineers’ Way, P.O.
Box 400741, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lee KH, Cho DH, Kim YM, Moon SJ, Kim JF, Lee YM. Isomeric influences of naphthalene based sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) membranes for energy generation using reverse electrodialysis and polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
9
|
Zhang B, Hong JG, Xie S, Xia S, Chen Y. An integrative modeling and experimental study on the ionic resistance of ion-exchange membranes. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
10
|
Specific ion effects on the permselectivity of sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) cation exchange membranes. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
11
|
Zhang B, Gao H, Chen Y. Enhanced Ionic Conductivity and Power Generation Using Ion-Exchange Resin Beads in a Reverse-Electrodialysis Stack. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:14717-14724. [PMID: 26560232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is a promising technique for harvesting energy by mixing seawater with river water. The energy production is usually limited by ionic conductivity in dilute compartments of a RED system. Novel tests were conducted in this research, which used ion-exchange resin beads (IERB) to replace nonconductive spacer fabrics in RED compartments with dilute NaCl solution in a modified stack containing Fumasep FKS and Fumasep FAS membranes. We compared the conductivity of an IERB packed bed with that of an inert glass-beads-packed bed as a control to confirm IERB's effectiveness. When applied in a RED system, IERB decreased the stack resistance by up to 40%. The maximum gross power density improved by 83% in the RED stack compared to that in a regular RED stack at 1.3 cm/s average linear flow velocity. IERB-filled stack resistance was modeled. The model results fit well with experimental data, thereby confirming the effectiveness of the new approach presented here. The net power density is also estimated based on the measured pressure drop and pumping energy model. Both gross and net power density was improved by over 75% at higher flow rate. A net power density of 0.44 W/m(2) was achieved at a cell thickness of 500 μm. To the best of our knowledge, this research is the first to study the impact of IERB on power generation and establishes a new approach to improving the power performance of a RED system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bopeng Zhang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Haiping Gao
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
|
13
|
Geise GM, Cassady HJ, Paul DR, Logan BE, Hickner MA. Specific ion effects on membrane potential and the permselectivity of ion exchange membranes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:21673-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03076a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
14
|
Geise GM, Hickner MA, Logan BE. Ionic resistance and permselectivity tradeoffs in anion exchange membranes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:10294-10301. [PMID: 24040962 DOI: 10.1021/am403207w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Salinity gradient energy technologies, such as reverse electrodialysis (RED) and capacitive mixing based on Donnan potential (Capmix CDP), could help address the global need for noncarbon-based energy. Anion exchange membranes (AEMs) are a key component in these systems, and improved AEMs are needed in order to optimize and extend salinity gradient energy technologies. We measured ionic resistance and permselectivity properties of quaternary ammonium-functionalized AEMs based on poly(sulfone) and poly(phenylene oxide) polymer backbones and developed structure-property relationships between the transport properties and the water content and fixed charge concentration of the membranes. Ion transport and ion exclusion properties depend on the volume fraction of water in the polymer membrane, and the chemical nature of the polymer itself can influence fine-tuning of the transport properties to obtain membranes with other useful properties, such as chemical and dimensional stability. The ionic resistance of the AEMs considered in this study decreased by more than 3 orders of magnitude (i.e., from 3900 to 1.6 Ω m) and the permselectivity decreased by 6% (i.e., from 0.91 to 0.85) as the volume fraction of water in the polymer was varied by a factor of 3.8 (i.e., from 0.1 to 0.38). Water content was used to rationalize a tradeoff relationship between the permselectivity and ionic resistance of these AEMs whereby polymers with higher water content tend to have lower ionic resistance and lower permselectivity. The correlation of ion transport properties with water volume fraction and fixed charge concentration is discussed with emphasis on the importance of considering water volume fraction when interpreting ion transport data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey M Geise
- Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|