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Rajagopalan K, Madirov E, Busko D, Howard IA, Richards BS, Swart HC, Turshatov A. High Quantum Yield Shortwave Infrared Luminescent Tracers for Improved Sorting of Plastic Waste. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:43985-43993. [PMID: 37674324 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
More complete recycling of plastic waste is possible only if new technologies that go beyond state-of-the-art near-infrared (NIR) sorting are developed. For example, tracer-based sorting is a new technology that explores the upconversion or down-shift luminescence of special tracers based on inorganic materials codoped with lanthanide ions. Specifically, down-shift tracers emit in the shortwave infrared (SWIR) spectral range and can be detected using a SWIR camera preinstalled in a state-of-the-art sorting machine for NIR sorting. In this study, we synthesized a very efficient SWIR tracer by codoping Li3Ba2Gd3 (MoO4)8 with Yb3+ and Er3+, where Yb3+ is a synthesizer ion (excited near 976 nm) and Er3+ emits near 1550 nm. Fine-tuning of the doping concentration resulted in a tracer (Li3Ba2Gd(3-x-y)(MoO4)8:xYb3+, yEr3+, where x = 0.2 and y = 0.4) with a high photoluminescence quantum yield for 1550 nm emission of 70% (using 976 nm excitation). This tracer was used to mark plastic objects. When the object was illuminated by a halogen lamp and a 976 nm laser, the three parts could be easily distinguished based on reflectance and luminescence spectra in the SWIR range: a plastic bottle made of polyethylene terephthalate, a bottle cap made of high-density polyethylene, and a label made of the tracer Li3Ba2Gd3(MoO4)8:Yb3+, Er3+. Importantly, the use of the tracer in sorting may require only the installation of a 976 nm laser in a state-of-the-art NIR sorting system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnan Rajagopalan
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Eduard Madirov
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Dmitry Busko
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ian A Howard
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Bryce S Richards
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hendrik C Swart
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Andrey Turshatov
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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Zheng B, Fan J, Chen B, Qin X, Wang J, Wang F, Deng R, Liu X. Rare-Earth Doping in Nanostructured Inorganic Materials. Chem Rev 2022; 122:5519-5603. [PMID: 34989556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Impurity doping is a promising method to impart new properties to various materials. Due to their unique optical, magnetic, and electrical properties, rare-earth ions have been extensively explored as active dopants in inorganic crystal lattices since the 18th century. Rare-earth doping can alter the crystallographic phase, morphology, and size, leading to tunable optical responses of doped nanomaterials. Moreover, rare-earth doping can control the ultimate electronic and catalytic performance of doped nanomaterials in a tunable and scalable manner, enabling significant improvements in energy harvesting and conversion. A better understanding of the critical role of rare-earth doping is a prerequisite for the development of an extensive repertoire of functional nanomaterials for practical applications. In this review, we highlight recent advances in rare-earth doping in inorganic nanomaterials and the associated applications in many fields. This review covers the key criteria for rare-earth doping, including basic electronic structures, lattice environments, and doping strategies, as well as fundamental design principles that enhance the electrical, optical, catalytic, and magnetic properties of the material. We also discuss future research directions and challenges in controlling rare-earth doping for new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingzhu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Institute for Composites Science Innovation, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jingyue Fan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Xian Qin
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Juan Wang
- Institute of Environmental Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Renren Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Institute for Composites Science Innovation, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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Richards BS, Hudry D, Busko D, Turshatov A, Howard IA. Photon Upconversion for Photovoltaics and Photocatalysis: A Critical Review. Chem Rev 2021; 121:9165-9195. [PMID: 34327987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Opportunities for enhancing solar energy harvesting using photon upconversion are reviewed. The increasing prominence of bifacial solar cells is an enabling factor for the implementation of upconversion, however, when the realistic constraints of current best-performing silicon devices are considered, many challenges remain before silicon photovoltaics operating under nonconcentrated sunlight can be enhanced via lanthanide-based upconversion. A photophysical model reveals that >1-2 orders of magnitude increase in the intermediate state lifetime, energy transfer rate, or generation rate would be needed before such solar upconversion could start to become efficient. Methods to increase the generation rate such as the use of cosensitizers to expand the absorption range and the use of plasmonics or photonic structures are reviewed. The opportunities and challenges for these approaches (or combinations thereof) to achieve efficient solar upconversion are discussed. The opportunity for enhancing the performance of technologies such as luminescent solar concentrators by combining upconversion together with micro-optics is also reviewed. Triplet-triplet annihilation-based upconversion is progressing steadily toward being relevant to lower-bandgap solar cells. Looking toward photocatalysis, photophysical modeling indicates that current blue-to-ultraviolet lanthanide upconversion systems are very inefficient. However, hope remains in this direction for organic upconversion enhancing the performance of visible-light-active photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce S Richards
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Damien Hudry
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Dmitry Busko
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Andrey Turshatov
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ian A Howard
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Marin R, Jaque D, Benayas A. Switching to the brighter lane: pathways to boost the absorption of lanthanide-doped nanoparticles. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2021; 6:209-230. [PMID: 33463649 DOI: 10.1039/d0nh00627k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide-doped nanoparticles (LNPs) are speedily colonizing several research fields, such as biological (multimodal) imaging, photodynamic therapy, volumetric encoding displays, and photovoltaics. Yet, the electronic transitions of lanthanide ions obey the Laporte rule, which dramatically hampers their light absorption capabilities. As a result, the brightness of these species is severely restricted. This intrinsic poor absorption capability is the fundamental obstacle for untapping the full potential of LNPs in several of the aforementioned fields. Among others, three of the most promising physicochemical approaches that have arisen during last two decades to face the challenges of increasing LNP absorption are plasmonic enhancement, organic-dye sensitization, and coupling with semiconductors. The fundamental basis, remarkable highlights, and comparative achievements of each of these pathways for absorption enhancement are critically discussed in this minireview, which also includes a detailed discussion of the exciting perspectives ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Marin
- Fluorescence Imaging Group (FIG), Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Madrid 28049, Spain.
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Huang X, Yan L, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Song HZ, Zhou L. Group 11 Transition-Metal Halide Monolayers: High Promises for Photocatalysis and Quantum Cutting. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:525-531. [PMID: 33377387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, two-dimensional (2D) metal halides have triggered an enormous interest for their tunable mechanical, electronic, magnetic, and topological properties, greatly enriching the family of 2D materials. Here, based on first-principles calculations, we report a systematic study of group 11 transition-metal halide MX (M = Cu, Ag, Au; X = Cl, Br, I) monolayers. Among them, CuBr, CuI, AgBr, and AgI monolayers exhibit high thermodynamic, dynamic, and mechanic stability. The four stable monolayers have a direct band gap of ∼3.12-3.36 eV and possess high carrier mobility (∼103 cm2 V-1 s-1), suggestive of future photocatalysts for water splitting applications. What is more, the simulations of optical properties confirm that the stable MX monolayers hold the potential for further applications in ultraviolet optical devices and quantum cutting solar materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyong Huang
- Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu 610054, China
- Faculty of Science, Yibin University, Yibin 644007, China
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Luo Yan
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - You Wang
- Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu 610054, China
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Hai-Zhi Song
- Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu 610054, China
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Liujiang Zhou
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
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Lee C, Park H, Kim W, Park S. Origin of strong red emission in Er 3+-based upconversion materials: role of intermediate states and cross relaxation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:24026-24033. [PMID: 31646311 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04692e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Among the various upconversion (UC) materials, sodium yttrium fluoride doped with ytterbium and erbium (NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+) is the most widely studied owing to its high UC efficiency. Nonetheless, UC mechanisms are not yet fully understood and, in particular, near-infrared-to-red UC mechanisms are still under debate. Herein, we examine UC mechanisms in Er3+-based UC materials. Most importantly, the 4F3/2 and 4F5/2 states of Er3+ were found to be important intermediate states for strong red emission, for the first time. The cross relaxation between the Er3+ ions, back energy transfer from Er3+ to Yb3+, and relative doping concentrations of Er3+ and Yb3+ in NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ were found to play important roles in the relative intensity between red and green emissions. The proposed UC mechanism will provide design principles for various Er3+-based UC materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiho Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Kim Y, Moon K, Lee YJ, Hong S, Kwon SH. Improving Upconversion Efficiency Based on Cross-Patterned Upconversion Material Slot Waveguides on a Silicon Layer. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9040520. [PMID: 30987074 PMCID: PMC6523838 DOI: 10.3390/nano9040520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Upconversion (UC) materials can be used to harvest near-infrared (NIR) light and convert it into visible light. Although this improves optical device operating spectral range and efficiency, e.g., solar cells, typical UC material conversion efficiency is too low for practical devices. We propose a cross-patterned slot waveguide constructed from UC material embedded in a high index semiconductor layer to improve UC. Since the slot waveguide mode is induced in the low index UC slot, NIR absorption (~970 nm) increased 25-fold compared with film structures. Furthermore, the spontaneous emission enhancement rate at 660 nm increased 9.6-fold compared to the reference film due to resonance excited in the UC slot (Purcell effect). Thus, the proposed UC slot array structure improved UC efficiency 240-fold considering absorption and emission enhancements. This double resonance UC improvement can be applied to practical optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngsoo Kim
- Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Kihwan Moon
- Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Young Jin Lee
- Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Seokhyeon Hong
- Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Soon-Hong Kwon
- Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.
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8
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Liu H, Xu J, Wang H, Liu Y, Ruan Q, Wu Y, Liu X, Yang JKW. Tunable Resonator-Upconverted Emission (TRUE) Color Printing and Applications in Optical Security. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1807900. [PMID: 30687981 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201807900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide-doped nanophosphors are promising in anti-counterfeiting and security printing applications. These nanophosphors can be incorporated as transparent inks that fluoresce by upconverting near-infrared illumination into visible light to allow easy verification of documents. However, these inks typically exhibit a single luminescent color, low emission efficiency, and low print resolutions. Tunable resonator-upconverted emission (TRUE) is achieved by placing upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) within plasmonic nanoresonators. A range of TRUE colors are obtained from a single-UCNP species self-assembled within size-tuned gap-plasmon resonances in Al nanodisk arrays. The luminescence intensities are enhanced by two orders of magnitude through emission and absorption enhancements. The enhanced emissive and plasmonic colors are simultaneously employed to generate TRUE color prints that exhibit one appearance under ambient white light, and a multicolored luminescence appearance that is revealed under near-infrared excitation. The printed color and luminescent images are of ultrahigh resolutions (≈50 000 dpi), and enable multiple colors from a single excitation source for increased level of security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Liu
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Jiahui Xu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Hao Wang
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Yejing Liu
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Qifeng Ruan
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yiming Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Joel K W Yang
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
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Kang J, Zhao Y, Chu H, Zhao Y. Tuning the luminescence properties of samarium and dysprosium complexes by Ag@SiO2 nanoparticles. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Wang H, Li M, Yin Z, Zhang T, Chen X, Zhou D, Zhu J, Xu W, Cui H, Song H. Remarkable Enhancement of Upconversion Luminescence on Cap-Ag/PMMA Ordered Platform and Trademark Anticounterfeiting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:37128-37135. [PMID: 28967250 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b10015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
High brightness of upconversion luminescence (UCL) for a thinner layer of UC nanoparticles is significant for routine applications of effective trademark anticounterfeiting technology. In this work, efficient UCL of NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+/Tm3+ was realized by combining a Ta2O5 dielectric layer on the cyclical island silver films supported by poly(methyl methacrylate) opal photonic crystals (PCs). The synergistic modulation of localized surface plasmon resonance and PC effect results in a significant improvement of the local electromagnetic field and an optimum UC enhancement of 145 folds. Furthermore, colorful pattern nanoprinting has been applied to this composite and used for trademark anticounterfeiting. The combination of angle-dependent PC effect and infrared-to-visible UCL represents a more advanced anticounterfeiting technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Wang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, and ‡College of Physics, Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Mengchao Li
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, and ‡College of Physics, Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Ze Yin
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, and ‡College of Physics, Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Tianxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, and ‡College of Physics, Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xu Chen
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, and ‡College of Physics, Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Donglei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, and ‡College of Physics, Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jinyang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, and ‡College of Physics, Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Wen Xu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, and ‡College of Physics, Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Haining Cui
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, and ‡College of Physics, Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Song
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, and ‡College of Physics, Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
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Lee SM, Dhar P, Chen H, Montenegro A, Liaw L, Kang D, Gai B, Benderskii AV, Yoon J. Synergistically Enhanced Performance of Ultrathin Nanostructured Silicon Solar Cells Embedded in Plasmonically Assisted, Multispectral Luminescent Waveguides. ACS NANO 2017; 11:4077-4085. [PMID: 28402101 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b00777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin silicon solar cells fabricated by anisotropic wet chemical etching of single-crystalline wafer materials represent an attractive materials platform that could provide many advantages for realizing high-performance, low-cost photovoltaics. However, their intrinsically limited photovoltaic performance arising from insufficient absorption of low-energy photons demands careful design of light management to maximize the efficiency and preserve the cost-effectiveness of solar cells. Herein we present an integrated flexible solar module of ultrathin, nanostructured silicon solar cells capable of simultaneously exploiting spectral upconversion and downshifting in conjunction with multispectral luminescent waveguides and a nanostructured plasmonic reflector to compensate for their weak optical absorption and enhance their performance. The 8 μm-thick silicon solar cells incorporating a hexagonally periodic nanostructured surface relief are surface-embedded in layered multispectral luminescent media containing organic dyes and NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ nanocrystals as downshifting and upconverting luminophores, respectively, via printing-enabled deterministic materials assembly. The ultrathin nanostructured silicon microcells in the composite luminescent waveguide exhibit strongly augmented photocurrent (∼40.1 mA/cm2) and energy conversion efficiency (∼12.8%) than devices with only a single type of luminescent species, owing to the synergistic contributions from optical downshifting, plasmonically enhanced upconversion, and waveguided photon flux for optical concentration, where the short-circuit current density increased by ∼13.6 mA/cm2 compared with microcells in a nonluminescent medium on a plain silver reflector under a confined illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Min Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kookmin University , Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
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Kwon SJ, Lee GY, Jung K, Jang HS, Park JS, Ju H, Han IK, Ko H. A Plasmonic Platform with Disordered Array of Metal Nanoparticles for Three-Order Enhanced Upconversion Luminescence and Highly Sensitive Near-Infrared Photodetector. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:7899-7909. [PMID: 27376395 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201601680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Three-order enhanced upconversion luminescence from upconversion nanoparticles is suggested by way of a promising platform utilizing a disordered array of plasmonic metal nanoparticles. Its application toward highly sensitive NIR photodetectors is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Joon Kwon
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-guSeoul, 136-791, South Korea.
| | - Gi Yong Lee
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-guSeoul, 136-791, South Korea
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-guSeoul, 120-749, South Korea
| | - Kinam Jung
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-guSeoul, 136-791, South Korea
| | - Ho Seong Jang
- Materials Architecturing Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-guSeoul, 136-791, South Korea
| | - Joon-Suh Park
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-guSeoul, 136-791, South Korea
| | - Honglyoul Ju
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-guSeoul, 120-749, South Korea
| | - Il Ki Han
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-guSeoul, 136-791, South Korea
| | - Hyungduk Ko
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-guSeoul, 136-791, South Korea.
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Niu M, Pham-Huy C, He H. Core-shell nanoparticles coated with molecularly imprinted polymers: a review. Mikrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-016-1930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Huang Y, Xiao Q, Hu H, Zhang K, Feng Y, Li F, Wang J, Ding X, Jiang J, Li Y, Shi L, Lin H. 915 nm Light-Triggered Photodynamic Therapy and MR/CT Dual-Modal Imaging of Tumor Based on the Nonstoichiometric Na0.52 YbF3.52 :Er Upconversion Nanoprobes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:4200-4210. [PMID: 27337610 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201601023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide (Ln(3+) )-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) as a new generation of multimodal bioprobes have attracted great interest for theranostic purpose. Herein, red emitting nonstoichiometric Na0.52 YbF3.52 :Er UCNPs of high luminescence intensity and color purity are synthesized via a facile solvothermal method. The red UC emission from the present nanophosphors is three times more intense than the well-known green emission from the ≈30 nm sized hexagonal-phase NaYF4 :Yb,Er UCNPs. By utilizing Na0.52 YbF3.52 :Er@SrF2 UCNPs as multifunctional nanoplatforms, highly efficient in vitro and in vivo 915 nm light-triggered photodynamic therapies are realized for the first time, with dramatically diminished overheating yet similar therapeutic effects in comparison to those triggered by 980 nm light. Moreover, by virtue of the high transverse relaxivity (r 2 ) and the strong X-ray attenuation ability of Yb(3+) ions, these UCNPs also demonstrate good performances as contrast agents for high contrast magnetic resonance and X-ray computed tomography dual-modal imaging. Our research shows the great potential of the red emitting Na0.52 YbF3.52 :Er UCNPs for multimodal imaging-guided photodynamic therapy of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Huang
- i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
- College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Qingbo Xiao
- i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Huishan Hu
- College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Nanobiomedicine, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Kunchi Zhang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Nanobiomedicine, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yamin Feng
- i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Fujin Li
- i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jian Wang
- i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xianguang Ding
- i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jiang Jiang
- i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yanfang Li
- i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Liyi Shi
- College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Hongzhen Lin
- i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
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15
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Nadort A, Zhao J, Goldys EM. Lanthanide upconversion luminescence at the nanoscale: fundamentals and optical properties. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:13099-130. [PMID: 26986473 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08477f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Upconversion photoluminescence is a nonlinear effect where multiple lower energy excitation photons produce higher energy emission photons. This fundamentally interesting process has many applications in biomedical imaging, light source and display technology, and solar energy harvesting. In this review we discuss the underlying physical principles and their modelling using rate equations. We discuss how the understanding of photophysical processes enabled a strategic influence over the optical properties of upconversion especially in rationally designed materials. We subsequently present an overview of recent experimental strategies to control and optimize the optical properties of upconversion nanoparticles, focussing on their emission spectral properties and brightness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Nadort
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, NSW, Australia.
| | - Jiangbo Zhao
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, SA, Australia
| | - Ewa M Goldys
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, NSW, Australia.
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16
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El Halawany A, He S, Hodaei H, Bakry A, Razvi MAN, Alshahrie A, Johnson NJJ, Christodoulides DN, Almutairi A, Khajavikhan M. Enhanced UV upconversion emission using plasmonic nanocavities. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:13999-4009. [PMID: 27410563 PMCID: PMC5025208 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.013999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Upconversion of near infrared (NIR) into ultraviolet (UV) radiation could lead to a number of applications in bio-imaging, diagnostics and drug delivery. However, for bare nanoparticles, the conversion efficiency is extremely low. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate strongly enhanced upconversion emission from an ensemble of β-NaYF4:Gd3+/Yb3+/Tm3+ @NaLuF4 core-shell nanoparticles trapped in judiciously designed plasmonic nanocavities. In doing so, different metal platforms and nanostructures are systematically investigated. Our results indicate that using a cross-shape silver nanocavity, a record high enhancement of 170-fold can be obtained in the UV band centered at a wavelength of 345 nm. The observed upconversion efficiency improvement may be attributed to the increased absorption at NIR, the tailored photonic local density of states, and the light out-coupling characteristics of the cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed El Halawany
- CREOL, College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816-2700,
USA
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816-2700,
USA
| | - Sha He
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093,
USA
| | - Hossein Hodaei
- CREOL, College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816-2700,
USA
| | - Ahmed Bakry
- Physics Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589,
Saudi Arabia
| | - Mir A. N. Razvi
- Physics Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589,
Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alshahrie
- Physics Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589,
Saudi Arabia
| | - Noah J. J. Johnson
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, KACST-UCSD Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093,
USA
| | | | - Adah Almutairi
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093,
USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, KACST-UCSD Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093,
USA
| | - Mercedeh Khajavikhan
- CREOL, College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816-2700,
USA
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17
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Yin Z, Li H, Xu W, Cui S, Zhou D, Chen X, Zhu Y, Qin G, Song H. Local Field Modulation Induced Three-Order Upconversion Enhancement: Combining Surface Plasmon Effect and Photonic Crystal Effect. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:2518-25. [PMID: 26833556 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201502943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A 2D surface plasmon photonic crystal (SPPC) is achieved by implanting gold nanorods onto the periodic surface apertures of the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) opal photonic crystals. On the surface of the SPPC, the overall upconversion luminescence intensity of NaYF4 :Yb(3+) , Er(3+) under 980 nm excitation is improved more than 10(3) fold. The device is easily shifted to a transparent flexible substrate, applied to flexible displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Yin
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Hang Li
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Wen Xu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Shaobo Cui
- College of Physics, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Donglei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xu Chen
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yongsheng Zhu
- Department of Physics, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, P. R. China
| | - Guanshi Qin
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Song
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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18
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Wang H, Wang J, Wang T, Li M, Zhao L, Vial A, Duan W. Plasmons of topological crystalline insulator SnTe with nanostructured patterns. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra06322e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the finite-difference time-domain method and density functional theory, we theoretically investigate the plasmons of topological crystalline insulator (TCI) SnTe with nanostructured patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Menglei Li
- Center for Fusion Energy Science and Technology
- Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics
- Beijing
- China
| | - Lu Zhao
- School of Physics
- Beihang University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Alexandre Vial
- Institut Charles Delaunay UMR CNRS 6279 – Université de technologie de Troyes
- Laboratoire de Nanotechnologie et d’Instrumentation Optique
- F-10004 TROYES Cedex
- France
| | - Wenhui Duan
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- China
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