1
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Liu YN, Li JJ, Weng GJ, Zhu J, Zhao JW. Reliable detection of malachite green by self-assembled SERS substrates based on gold-silicon heterogeneous nano pineapple structures. Food Chem 2024; 451:139454. [PMID: 38703725 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Morphology regulation of heterodimer nanoparticles and the use of their asymmetric features for further practical applications are crucial because of the rich optical properties and various combinations of heterodimers. This work used silicon to asymmetrically wrap half of a gold sphere and grew gold branches on the bare gold surface to form heterogeneous nano pineapples (NPPs) which can effectively improve Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) properties through chemical enhancement and lightning-rod effect respectively. The asymmetric structures of NPPs enabled them to self-assemble into the monolayer membrane with consistent branch orientation. The prepared substrate had high homogeneity and better SERS ability than disorganized substrates, and achieved reliable detection of malachite green (MG) in clams with a detection limit of 7.8 × 10-11 M. This work provided a guide to further revise the morphology of heterodimers and a new idea for the use of asymmetric dimers for practically photochemical and biomedical sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ning Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Guo-Jun Weng
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jun-Wu Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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2
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Sweedan AO, Pavan MJ, Schatz E, Maaß H, Tsega A, Tzin V, Höflich K, Mörk P, Feichtner T, Bashouti MY. Evolutionary Optimized, Monocrystalline Gold Double Wire Gratings as a Novel SERS Sensing Platform. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2311937. [PMID: 38529743 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Achieving reliable and quantifiable performance in large-area surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates poses a formidable challenge, demanding signal enhancement while ensuring response uniformity and reproducibility. Conventional SERS substrates often made of inhomogeneous materials with random resonator geometries, resulting in multiple or broadened plasmonic resonances, undesired absorptive losses, and uneven field enhancement. These limitations hamper reproducibility, making it difficult to conduct comparative studies with high sensitivity. This study introduces an innovative approach that addresses these challenges by utilizing monocrystalline gold flakes to fabricate well-defined plasmonic double-wire resonators through focused ion-beam lithography. Inspired by biological strategy, the double-wire grating substrate (DWGS) geometry is evolutionarily optimized to maximize the SERS signal by enhancing both excitation and emission processes. The use of monocrystalline material minimizes absorption losses and ensures shape fidelity during nanofabrication. DWGS demonstrates notable reproducibility (RSD = 6.6%), repeatability (RSD = 5.6%), and large-area homogeneity > 104 µm2. It provides a SERS enhancement for sub-monolayer coverage detection of 4-Aminothiophenol analyte. Furthermore, DWGS demonstrates reusability, long-term stability on the shelf, and sustained analyte signal stability over time. Validation with diverse analytes, across different states of matter, including biological macromolecules, confirms the sensitive and reproducible nature of DWGSs, thereby establishing them as a promising platform for future sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amro O Sweedan
- The Ilse-Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheba Campus, POB 653, Building 51, Be'er Sheva, 8410501, Israel
- Department of Solar Energy and Environmental Physics, Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshset Ben-Gurion, Building 26, Be'er Sheva, 8499000, Israel
| | - Mariela J Pavan
- The Ilse-Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheba Campus, POB 653, Building 51, Be'er Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Enno Schatz
- NanoStruct GmbH, Friedrich-Bergius-Ring 15, 97076, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Henriette Maaß
- NanoStruct GmbH, Friedrich-Bergius-Ring 15, 97076, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ashageru Tsega
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Be'er Sheva, 8499000, Israel
| | - Vered Tzin
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Be'er Sheva, 8499000, Israel
| | - Katja Höflich
- Joint Lab Photonic Quantum Technologies, Ferdinand-Braun-Institut gGmbH Leibniz-Institut für Höchstfrequenztechnik, Gustav-Kirchhoff-Str. 4, D-12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Mörk
- Nano-Optics and Biophotonics Group, Experimental Physics 5, Institute of Physics, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Feichtner
- Nano-Optics and Biophotonics Group, Experimental Physics 5, Institute of Physics, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Muhammad Y Bashouti
- The Ilse-Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheba Campus, POB 653, Building 51, Be'er Sheva, 8410501, Israel
- Department of Solar Energy and Environmental Physics, Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshset Ben-Gurion, Building 26, Be'er Sheva, 8499000, Israel
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3
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Liu Z, Meng D, Su G, Hu P, Song B, Wang Y, Wei J, Yang H, Yuan T, Chen B, Ou TH, Hossain S, Miller M, Liu F, Wu W. Ultrafast Early Warning of Heart Attacks through Plasmon-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy using Collapsible Nanofingers and Machine Learning. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2204719. [PMID: 36333119 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As the leading cause of death, heart attacks result in millions of deaths annually, with no end in sight. Early intervention is the only strategy for rescuing lives threatened by heart disease. However, the detection time of the fastest heart-attack detection system is >15 min, which is too long considering the rapid passage of life. In this study, a machine learning (ML)-driven system with a simple process, low-cost, short detection time (only 10 s), and high precision is developed. By utilizing a functionalized nanofinger structure, even a trace amount of biomarker leaked before a heart attack can be captured. Additionally, enhanced Raman profiles are constructed for predictive analytics. Five ML models are developed to harness the useful characteristics of each Raman spectrum and provide early warnings of heart attacks with >98% accuracy. Through the strategic combination of nanofingers and ML algorithms, the proposed warning system accurately provides alerts on silent heart-attack attempts seconds ahead of actual attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerui Liu
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Deming Meng
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Guangxu Su
- Department of Applied Physics, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310023, China
| | - Pan Hu
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Boxiang Song
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wu Han, Hu Bei, 430074, China
| | - Yunxiang Wang
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Junhan Wei
- Department of Applied Physics, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310023, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Tianyi Yuan
- Beijing Etown Academy, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Buyun Chen
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Tse-Hsien Ou
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Sushmit Hossain
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Matthew Miller
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Fanxin Liu
- Department of Applied Physics, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310023, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
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4
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Zhu S, Bao H, Zhang H, Fu H, Zhao Q, Zhou L, Li Y, Cai W. Optimal Excitation Wavelength for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy: The Role of Chemical Interface Damping. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:11014-11021. [PMID: 34739236 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The optimal excitation wavelength (OEW) for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is generally close to that of the local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). In some cases, however, the OEW is significantly longer than that of the observed LSPR. Its origin is still unclear and controversial. Here, we propose a chemical interface damping (CID)-based mechanism and reveal the origin of the OEW's deviation from the LSPR by simulation and experiments using gold nanorods as the model material. Simulations show that the molecular adsorption induces CID, which causes a red-shift of the near-field peak relative to the far-field one, and that the chemical adsorption of target molecules on the plasmonic metals with enough strong CID would induce a significant red-shift of the OEW, even to the region far beyond the LSPR. Finally, we experimentally confirm the validity of the proposed CID theory and demonstrate the significant influence of the CID on the OEW during SERS measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Zhu
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Haoming Bao
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
| | - Hongwen Zhang
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
| | - Hao Fu
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
| | - Le Zhou
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
| | - Yue Li
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
| | - Weiping Cai
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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5
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Slovick B, Matlin E. Poles of the scattering matrix: an inverse method for designing photonic resonators. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:1845-1853. [PMID: 32121888 DOI: 10.1364/oe.378116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We develop and implement a new inverse computational framework for designing photonic elements with one or more high-Q scattering resonances. The approach relies on solving for the poles of the scattering matrix, which mathematically amounts to minimizing the determinant of the matrix representing the Fredholm integral operator of the electric field with respect to the permittivity profile of the scattering element. We apply the method to design subwavelength gradient-permittivity structures with multiple scattering resonances and quality factors as high as 800. We also find the spectral scattering cross sections are consistent with Fano lineshapes. The compact form and computational efficiency of our formalism suggest it can be an effective tool for designing Fano-resonant structures with multiple high-Q resonances for applications such as frequency mixing and conversion.
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6
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Mao P, Liu C, Chen Q, Han M, Maier SA, Zhang S. Broadband SERS detection with disordered plasmonic hybrid aggregates. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:93-102. [PMID: 31674618 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr08118f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanostructures possessing broadband intense field enhancement over a large area are highly desirable for nanophotonic and plasmonic device applications. In this study, 3D Ag hybrid nanoaggregates (3D-Ag-HNAs) are achieved via a highly efficient oblique angle gas-phase cluster beam deposition method. Not only can such structures produce a high density of plasmonic hot-spots to improve Raman sensitivity, but more importantly they generate kissing point-geometric singularities with a broadband optical response. We succeed in obtaining an experimental SERS enhancement factor beyond 4 × 107 in the visible range, providing an optimal sensing platform for different analytes. Combined with good uniformity, reproducibility and ease of fabrication, our 3D-Ag-HNA offers a candidate for new generations of SERS systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Mao
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Changxu Liu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK. and Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitut München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 München, Germany.
| | - Qiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Integration, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Min Han
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Integration, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Stefan A Maier
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitut München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 München, Germany.
| | - Shuang Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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7
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Zhang Y, Zhou H, Shen Q, Shao Z, Xu L, Luo Z. Silver Nanostructures on Graphene Oxide as the Substrate for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS). ANAL LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2018.1548554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency and Micro-Nano Electronics of Jiangsu Province, College of Electronic and optical Engineering & College of Microelectronic Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency and Micro-Nano Electronics of Jiangsu Province, College of Electronic and optical Engineering & College of Microelectronic Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency and Micro-Nano Electronics of Jiangsu Province, College of Electronic and optical Engineering & College of Microelectronic Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhouwei Shao
- Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency and Micro-Nano Electronics of Jiangsu Province, College of Electronic and optical Engineering & College of Microelectronic Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhimin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency and Micro-Nano Electronics of Jiangsu Province, College of Electronic and optical Engineering & College of Microelectronic Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, China
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8
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Sarychev AK, Ivanov A, Lagarkov A, Barbillon G. Light Concentration by Metal-Dielectric Micro-Resonators for SERS Sensing. MATERIALS 2018; 12:ma12010103. [PMID: 30598001 PMCID: PMC6337457 DOI: 10.3390/ma12010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Metal-dielectric micro/nano-composites have surface plasmon resonances in visible and near-infrared domains. Excitation of coupled metal-dielectric resonances is also important. These different resonances can allow enhancement of the electromagnetic field at a subwavelength scale. Hybrid plasmonic structures act as optical antennae by concentrating large electromagnetic energy in micro- and nano-scales. Plasmonic structures are proposed for various applications such as optical filters, investigation of quantum electrodynamics effects, solar energy concentration, magnetic recording, nanolasing, medical imaging and biodetection, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), and optical super-resolution microscopy. We present the review of recent achievements in experimental and theoretical studies of metal-dielectric micro and nano antennae that are important for fundamental and applied research. The main impact is application of metal-dielectric optical antennae for the efficient SERS sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey K Sarychev
- Institute for Theoretical and Applied Electrodynamics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 125412 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Andrey Ivanov
- Institute for Theoretical and Applied Electrodynamics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 125412 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Andrey Lagarkov
- Institute for Theoretical and Applied Electrodynamics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 125412 Moscow, Russia.
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10
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Liu F, Song B, Su G, Liang O, Zhan P, Wang H, Wu W, Xie Y, Wang Z. Sculpting Extreme Electromagnetic Field Enhancement in Free Space for Molecule Sensing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1801146. [PMID: 30003669 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201801146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A strongly confined and enhanced electromagnetic (EM) field due to gap-plasmon resonance offers a promising pathway for ultrasensitive molecular detections. However, the maximum enhanced portion of the EM field is commonly concentrated within the dielectric gap medium that is inaccessible to external substances, making it extremely challenging for achieving single-molecular level detection sensitivity. Here, a new family of plasmonic nanostructure created through a unique process using nanoimprint lithography is introduced, which enables the precise tailoring of the gap plasmons to realize the enhanced field spilling to free space. The nanostructure features arrays of physically contacted nanofinger-pairs with a 2 nm tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) film as an ultrasmall dielectric gap. The high tunneling barrier offered by ta-C film due to its low electron affinity makes an ultranarrow gap and high enhancement factor possible at the same time. Additionally, its high electric permittivity leads to field redistribution and an abrupt increase across the ta-C/air boundary and thus extensive spill-out of the coupled EM field from the gap region with field enhancement in free space of over 103 . The multitude of benefits deriving from the unique nanostructure hence allows extremely high detection sensitivity at the single-molecular level to be realized as demonstrated through bianalyte surface-enhanced Raman scattering measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanxin Liu
- School of Physics, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Information Technology in Biological and Medical Physics, and College of Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, P. R. China
| | - Boxiang Song
- Department of Electrical Engineering-Electrophysics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Guangxu Su
- School of Physics, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Owen Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Peng Zhan
- School of Physics, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering-Electrophysics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering-Electrophysics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Yahong Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Zhenlin Wang
- School of Physics, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
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11
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Huang Y, Chen Y, Xue X, Zhai Y, Wang L, Zhang Z. Unexpected large nanoparticle size of single dimer hotspot systems for broadband SERS enhancement. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:2332-2335. [PMID: 29762585 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.002332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We have numerically demonstrated the feasibility and possibility to achieve broadband surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enhancement in the visible and near-infrared wavelength range using single nanoparticle (NP) dimer hotspot systems. Instead of the conventionally reported sub-100 nm, we find that the optimal NP size is as large as 200 nm in diameter for both Ag and Au. The key lies in the continuous arising of the bonding dipole plasmon mode and higher-order resonances at shorter wavelengths. Further, it is revealed that the near- and far-field optical responses of these hotspot systems correlate well with each other, despite the intrinsic enormous near- to far-field redshift for individual large NPs. The physical principles demonstrated here benefit significantly the fundamental understanding and engineering optimization of broadband SERS substrates.
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12
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Huang Y, Zhang X, Ringe E, Ma L, Zhai X, Wang L, Zhang Z. Detailed correlations between SERS enhancement and plasmon resonances in subwavelength closely spaced Au nanorod arrays. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:4267-4275. [PMID: 29436546 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr08959g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Depending on the experimental conditions and plasmonic systems, the correlations between near-field surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) behaviors and far-field localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) responses have sometimes been accepted directly or argued or explored. In this work, we focus on the attractive subwavelength closely spaced metallic nanorod arrays and investigate in detail the complex relationship between their SERS behaviors and plasmon resonances. This is achieved utilizing a combination of array fabrication, conventional LSPR spectra, SERS measurements, electron microscopy and numerical modeling. Three key factors that may impact the correlations have been comprehensively analyzed: the intrinsic near-field to far-field red-shift is found to be rather small in the lattice; the surface roughness has actually little impact on the spectral alignment of the near- and far-field responses; the continuous dependence of individual SERS peak heights on the Stokes Raman shift has been visualized and further clarified. By 3D finite element method (FEM) plasmon mapping, the physical origin of the collective resonances in the lattice is verified directly to be the Fabry-Perot-like cavity mode. The strong near-field enhancement results from the coupling of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) propagating at the two sidewalls of neighbouring nanorods forming the resonant cavity. The physical principles demonstrated here benefit significantly the optimization of nano-optic devices based on closely spaced metallic nanorod arrays, as well as the fundamental understanding of the near- and far-field relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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13
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Qin M, Wang L, Zhai X, Chen D, Xia S. Generating and Manipulating High Quality Factors of Fano Resonance in Nanoring Resonator by Stacking a Half Nanoring. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 12:578. [PMID: 29098493 PMCID: PMC5668229 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-2357-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the existence of Fano resonance spectral response in a system of nanoscale plasmonic resonant ring stacked by means of a half nanoring. Our proposed scheme exploits the stacked method under normal incidence to excite the subradiant mode. The nanostructure, which utilizes the combination of Fano resonance and polarization-resolved, has a new rotation mode and high tunability, providing a dynamic control of plasmonic spectral response. High-quality resonant line shapes corresponding to the different order modes of Fano structures are readily achieved at near-infrared wavelengths, which is a benefit to the application for nanosensor in highly integrated circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Qin
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Xiang Zhai
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Dechao Chen
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Shengxuan Xia
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
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14
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Yuan Y, Panwar N, Yap SHK, Wu Q, Zeng S, Xu J, Tjin SC, Song J, Qu J, Yong KT. SERS-based ultrasensitive sensing platform: An insight into design and practical applications. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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15
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Zheng M, Zhu X, Chen Y, Xiang Q, Duan H. Three-dimensional donut-like gold nanorings with multiple hot spots for surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:045303. [PMID: 27981948 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/28/4/045303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Seeking for the best possible substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is of great interest for single-molecule-level detection applications. Lithographic plasmonic nanostructures are supposed to enable uniform enhancement and thus have attracted extensive interest in the past decade. In this work, we propose and demonstrate a lithographic three-dimensional (3D) donut-like gold nanoring array as a SERS substrate with an enhancement factor (EF) up to 3.84 × 107. This 3D nanoring array could be directly fabricated using electron-beam-lithography-defined templates without any additional lift-off process and thus promises ultraclean metallic surfaces. Meanwhile, the 3D configuration allows multiple hot spots for improving SERS performance compared to planar counterparts with comparable plasmon resonance position. Systematic experiments and simulations were conducted to gain understanding of the origin of the improved SERS performance. The results imply that the 3D donut-like gold nanorings with multiple hot spots can serve as a promising configuration for SERS applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Zheng
- School of Electronics and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
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16
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Liu Z, Ye J. Highly controllable double Fano resonances in plasmonic metasurfaces. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:17665-17674. [PMID: 27714114 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr06388h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Creating plasmonic nanostructures with controllable Fano resonances is of great interest for a number of important applications including metamaterials and biosensors. Realizing double Fano resonances is even more challenging but may become favorable to the applications such as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and second harmonic generation (SHG). Here we have developed plasmonic metasurfaces consisting of a nanoring array and a metallic film separated by a dielectric spacer for the generation of double Fano resonances. The double Fano resonances are realized by the strong plasmonic coupling between the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) mode of the nanoring array and the cavity modes of the metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structure, and consequently exhibit large electric field enhancements at double frequencies. The resonance wavelength, the linewidth and the wavelength separation of double Fano resonances can be well tailored by changing the cavity length of the structure and the parameters of the top array pattern including the diameter, periodicity, and shape. In addition, we develop a far-field coupling model to efficiently determine the cavity length of metasurface structures with double Fano resonances at specific wavelengths with much ease and acceptable accuracy compared to the time-consuming and computing resource-needed numerical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghui Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Jian Ye
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China. and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Moritake Y, Kanamori Y, Hane K. Demonstration of sharp multiple Fano resonances in optical metamaterials. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:9332-9339. [PMID: 27137549 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.009332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrated multiple Fano resonances in optical metamaterials. By combination of two different sized asymmetric-double-bar (ADB) structures, triple Fano resonance was observed in the near-infrared region. In addition to Fano resonance due to anti-phase modes in isolated ADB structures, an anti-phase mode due to coupling among different sized ADBs was observed. Dependence of characteristics of resonances on size difference was also investigated. At specific conditions of size difference, quality factors of three Fano resonances were improved compared with ADB metamaterials consisting of one kind of ADBs. The results will help to realize applications using metamaterial resonators with multiple functionalities and high performance.
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18
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19
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Chirumamilla M, Gopalakrishnan A, Toma A, Proietti Zaccaria R, Krahne R. Plasmon resonance tuning in metal nanostars for surface enhanced Raman scattering. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 25:235303. [PMID: 24850217 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/23/235303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the fabrication of Au nanostar arrays by means of electron beam lithography, in which the plasmon resonance energy can be tuned via the nanostar size from the visible into the near-infrared region. The spectral response of the nanostar arrays was investigated by optical extinction (transmittance) experiments, and their surface enhanced Raman scattering performance has been tested at two different excitation wavelengths, 633 nm and 830 nm, using chemisorbed Cresyl violet molecules as analyte. The experimental results are supported by numerical simulations of the spatial and spectral electric field enhancement.
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20
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Yi Z, Luo J, Yi Y, Xu X, Wu P, Jiang X, Yi Y, Tang Y. Nanoparticle attachment on Ag nanorings and nanoantenna for large increases of surface-enhanced Raman scattering. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02741h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and inexpensive approach based on the heat-treatment of Ag+/PVA/PVP composite film on quartz glass has been developed for fabricating large-area Ag nanorings attached small nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zao Yi
- College of Physics and Electronics
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083, China
- Research Center of Laser Fusion
- China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP)
| | - Jiangshan Luo
- Research Center of Laser Fusion
- China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP)
- Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Yong Yi
- Joint Laboratory for Extreme Conditions Matter Properties
- Southwest University of Science and Technology and Research Center of Laser Fusion
- CAEP
- Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Xibin Xu
- College of Physics and Electronics
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083, China
- Research Center of Laser Fusion
- China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP)
| | - Pinghui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation
- Department of Optical Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiaodong Jiang
- Research Center of Laser Fusion
- China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP)
- Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Yougen Yi
- College of Physics and Electronics
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yongjian Tang
- Research Center of Laser Fusion
- China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP)
- Mianyang 621900, China
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21
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Zhou Y, Li X, Ren X, Yang L, Liu J. Designing and fabricating double resonance substrate with metallic nanoparticles–metallic grating coupling system for highly intensified surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Analyst 2014; 139:4799-805. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an00540f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We propose and fabricate a novel double-resonance SERS system by strategically assembling Au NPs separated by a MoO3nanospacer from an Ag grating film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Institute of Intelligent Machines
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anhui University
| | - Xuanhua Li
- Institute of Intelligent Machines
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei, China
| | - Xingang Ren
- Key Lab of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing
- Anhui University
- Hefei, China
| | - Liangbao Yang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anhui University
| | - Jinhuai Liu
- Institute of Intelligent Machines
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei, China
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22
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Cinel NA, Bütün S, Ertaş G, Ozbay E. 'Fairy Chimney'-shaped tandem metamaterials as double resonance SERS substrates. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:531-537. [PMID: 23060087 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201201286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A highly tunable design for obtaining double resonance substrates to be used in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy is proposed. Tandem truncated nanocones composed of Au-SiO(2)-Au layers are designed, simulated and fabricated to obtain resonances at laser excitation and Stokes frequencies. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering experiments are conducted to compare the enhancements obtained from double resonance substrates to those obtained from single resonance gold truncated nanocones. The best enhancement factor obtained using the new design is 3.86 × 10(7). The resultant tandem structures are named after "Fairy Chimneys" rock formation in Cappadocia, Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neval A Cinel
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bilkent University, 06800 Bilkent, Turkey.
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23
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Lin S, Zhu W, Jin Y, Crozier KB. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering with Ag nanoparticles optically trapped by a photonic crystal cavity. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:559-63. [PMID: 23339834 DOI: 10.1021/nl304069n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a reusable and reconfigurable surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) platform by optically trapping Ag nanoparticles with a photonic crystal cavity integrated with a microfluidic chip. High-performance SERS is performed in a very reproducible manner, owing to the fact that Ag aggregates are produced by optical trapping in a controllable process that is monitored in real-time by the cavity resonance shift that occurs with the trapping of each additional nanoparticle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyun Lin
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 33 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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24
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Ayas S, Güner H, Türker B, Ekiz OÖ, Dirisaglik F, Okyay AK, Dâna A. Raman enhancement on a broadband meta-surface. ACS NANO 2012; 6:6852-6861. [PMID: 22845672 DOI: 10.1021/nn301665a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic metamaterials allow confinement of light to deep subwavelength dimensions, while allowing for the tailoring of dispersion and electromagnetic mode density to enhance specific photonic properties. Optical resonances of plasmonic molecules have been extensively investigated; however, benefits of strong coupling of dimers have been overlooked. Here, we construct a plasmonic meta-surface through coupling of diatomic plasmonic molecules which contain a heavy and light meta-atom. Presence and coupling of two distinct types of localized modes in the plasmonic molecule allow formation and engineering of a rich band structure in a seemingly simple and common geometry, resulting in a broadband and quasi-omni-directional meta-surface. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering benefits from the simultaneous presence of plasmonic resonances at the excitation and scattering frequencies, and by proper design of the band structure to satisfy this condition, highly repeatable and spatially uniform Raman enhancement is demonstrated. On the basis of calculations of the field enhancement distribution within a unit cell, spatial uniformity of the enhancement at the nanoscale is discussed. Raman scattering constitutes an example of nonlinear optical processes, where the wavelength conversion during scattering may be viewed as a photonic transition between the bands of the meta-material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sencer Ayas
- UNAM Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
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25
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Wang D, Zhu W, Chu Y, Crozier KB. High directivity optical antenna substrates for surface enhanced Raman scattering. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:4376-80. [PMID: 22760820 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201201625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 05/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A two-dimensional array of gold optical antennas integrated with a one-dimensional array of gold strips and mirrors is introduced and fabricated. The experimental results show that this design achieves average surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enhancement factors as high as 1.2 × 10(10) , which is more than two orders of magnitude larger than optical antennas without the gold strips and gold mirror.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxing Wang
- Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 33 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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26
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Tseng ML, Huang YW, Hsiao MK, Huang HW, Chen HM, Chen YL, Chu CH, Chu NN, He YJ, Chang CM, Lin WC, Huang DW, Chiang HP, Liu RS, Sun G, Tsai DP. Fast fabrication of a Ag nanostructure substrate using the femtosecond laser for broad-band and tunable plasmonic enhancement. ACS NANO 2012; 6:5190-5197. [PMID: 22551343 DOI: 10.1021/nn300947n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Using a femtosecond laser, we have transformed the laser-direct-writing technique into a highly efficient method that can process AgO(x) thin films into Ag nanostructures at a fast scanning rate of 2000 μm(2)/min. The processed AgO(x) thin films exhibit broad-band enhancement of optical absorption and effectively function as active SERS substrates. Probing of the plasmonic hotspots with dyed polymer beads indicates that these hotspots are uniformly distributed over the treated area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Lun Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Applied Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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27
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Pasquale AJ, Reinhard BM, Dal Negro L. Concentric necklace nanolenses for optical near-field focusing and enhancement. ACS NANO 2012; 6:4341-4348. [PMID: 22537221 DOI: 10.1021/nn301000u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we design and analyze concentric necklace nanolenses (CNNLs) which consist of metal nanoparticle dimers placed in the center of one or more concentric rings of plasmonic necklaces. We use three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain simulations, electron-beam lithography fabrication, dark-field scattering analysis, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measurements to investigate the far-field scattering and near-field light localization properties of CNNLs. Using these methods, we show that CNNLs display far-field scattering properties that arise from coupling between the dimer and surrounding necklace(s), leading to two pronounced peaks in single-necklace CNNLs and three pronounced peaks in double-necklace CNNLs. In our near-field analysis, we find that the number of particles in the surrounding necklace is an important degree of freedom in the optimization of near-field intensity within the dimer hot-spot region. By using CNNLs where the necklace diameters have a diameter equal to an integer multiple of the resonance wavelength of the isolated dimer times a constant scaling factor, the intensity of near-fields can be optimized for all geometries over a broad-band wavelength range. Using optimized geometries, we perform SERS experiments on CNNLs coated with a pMA monolayer and demonstrate 7× Raman enhancement in the single-necklace CNNL and 18× enhancement in the double-necklace CNNL over the reference dimer antenna geometry, with an average Raman enhancement value of approximately 7 × 10(5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa J Pasquale
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Photonics Center, Boston University, 8 Saint Mary's Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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28
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Ahmed A, Gordon R. Single molecule directivity enhanced Raman scattering using nanoantennas. NANO LETTERS 2012; 12:2625-30. [PMID: 22515915 DOI: 10.1021/nl301029e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Single molecule detection by directivity enhanced Raman scattering is demonstrated using nanoantennas. Bianalyte Raman scattering is used to confirm the detection of single molecules of Rhodamine 6G and Nile Blue A in aqueous solution. Calculations show that Raman enhancement factors of 10(13) can be achieved by combined optimization of the local field enhancement (hotspot with 10(11) enhancement) and antenna directionality (with 10(2) enhancement).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Ahmed
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada V8P 5C2
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29
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Forestiere C, Pasquale AJ, Capretti A, Miano G, Tamburrino A, Lee SY, Reinhard BM, Dal Negro L. Genetically engineered plasmonic nanoarrays. NANO LETTERS 2012; 12:2037-44. [PMID: 22381056 DOI: 10.1021/nl300140g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present Letter, we demonstrate how the design of metallic nanoparticle arrays with large electric field enhancement can be performed using the basic paradigm of engineering, namely the optimization of a well-defined objective function. Such optimization is carried out by coupling a genetic algorithm with the analytical multiparticle Mie theory. General design criteria for best enhancement of electric fields are obtained, unveiling the fundamental interplay between the near-field plasmonic and radiative photonic coupling. Our optimization approach is experimentally validated by surface-enhanced Raman scattering measurements, which demonstrate how genetically optimized arrays, fabricated using electron beam lithography, lead to order of ten improvement of Raman enhancement over nanoparticle dimer antennas, and order of one hundred improvement over optimal nanoparticle gratings. A rigorous design of nanoparticle arrays with optimal field enhancement is essential to the engineering of numerous nanoscale optical devices such as plasmon-enhanced biosensors, photodetectors, light sources and more efficient nonlinear optical elements for on chip integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Forestiere
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Photonics Center, Boston University, 8 Saint Mary's Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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30
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Berkovitch N, Ginzburg P, Orenstein M. Nano-plasmonic antennas in the near infrared regime. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2012; 24:073202. [PMID: 22223684 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/7/073202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nano-antennas constitute a central research topic in current science and engineering with an enormous variety of potential applications. Here we review the recent progress in the niche of plasmonic nano-antennas operating in the near infrared part of the spectrum which is important for a variety of applications. Tuning of the resonance into the near infrared regime is emphasized in the perspectives of fabrication, measurement, modeling, and analytical treatments, concentrating on the vast recent achievements in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Berkovitch
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
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31
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Ahn W, Boriskina SV, Hong Y, Reinhard BM. Electromagnetic field enhancement and spectrum shaping through plasmonically integrated optical vortices. NANO LETTERS 2012; 12:219-227. [PMID: 22171957 PMCID: PMC3383062 DOI: 10.1021/nl203365y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a new design approach for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates that is based on molding the optical powerflow through a sequence of coupled nanoscale optical vortices "pinned" to rationally designed plasmonic nanostructures, referred to as Vortex Nanogear Transmissions (VNTs). We fabricated VNTs composed of Au nanodiscs by electron beam lithography on quartz substrates and characterized their near- and far-field responses through combination of computational electromagnetism, and elastic and inelastic scattering spectroscopy. Pronounced dips in the far-field scattering spectra of VNTs provide experimental evidence for an efficient light trapping and circulation within the nanostructures. Furthermore, we demonstrate that VNT integration into periodic arrays of Au nanoparticles facilitates the generation of high E-field enhancements in the VNTs at multiple defined wavelengths. We show that spectrum shaping in nested VNT structures is achieved through an electromagnetic feed-mechanism driven by the coherent multiple scattering in the plasmonic arrays and that this process can be rationally controlled by tuning the array period. The ability to generate high E-field enhancements at predefined locations and frequencies makes nested VNTs interesting substrates for challenging SERS applications.
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32
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Cialla D, März A, Böhme R, Theil F, Weber K, Schmitt M, Popp J. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS): progress and trends. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 403:27-54. [PMID: 22205182 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5631-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 389] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) combines molecular fingerprint specificity with potential single-molecule sensitivity. Therefore, the SERS technique is an attractive tool for sensing molecules in trace amounts within the field of chemical and biochemical analytics. Since SERS is an ongoing topic, which can be illustrated by the increased annual number of publications within the last few years, this review reflects the progress and trends in SERS research in approximately the last three years. The main reason why the SERS technique has not been established as a routine analytic technique, despite its high specificity and sensitivity, is due to the low reproducibility of the SERS signal. Thus, this review is dominated by the discussion of the various concepts for generating powerful, reproducible, SERS-active surfaces. Furthermore, the limit of sensitivity in SERS is introduced in the context of single-molecule spectroscopy and the calculation of the 'real' enhancement factor. In order to shed more light onto the underlying molecular processes of SERS, the theoretical description of SERS spectra is also a growing research field and will be summarized here. In addition, the recording of SERS spectra is affected by a number of parameters, such as laser power, integration time, and analyte concentration. To benefit from synergies, SERS is combined with other methods, such as scanning probe microscopy and microfluidics, which illustrates the broad applications of this powerful technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Cialla
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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33
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Chu Y, Zhu W, Wang D, Crozier KB. Beamed Raman: directional excitation and emission enhancement in a plasmonic crystal double resonance SERS substrate. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:20054-20068. [PMID: 21997016 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.020054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The angular dependencies of the local field enhancement and the Raman emission enhancement are investigated, numerically and experimentally, for a plasmonic crystal double resonance SERS substrate consisting of a periodic array of gold disks above a gold film. We find that the local field enhancement is very sensitive to the incident angle. The Raman emission enhancement has a strong angular dependence on the detection direction, with the substrate "beaming" the Raman emission so that different Raman lines have different far-field patterns. We demonstrate that a stronger SERS signal results when the plasmonic substrate is illuminated with a collimated, rather than focused, laser beam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhuo Chu
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford St. Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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34
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Artar A, Yanik AA, Altug H. Directional double Fano resonances in plasmonic hetero-oligomers. NANO LETTERS 2011; 11:3694-700. [PMID: 21806006 DOI: 10.1021/nl201677h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate for the first time a very compact plasmonic hetero-oligomer structure where the multiple radiant and subradiant modes can be tailored independently. Unlike previous approaches based on collective excitations in complex plasmonic systems, we show precise engineering of resonances leading to simultaneous spectral overlap of multiple plasmonic modes with opposite radiative character. This asymmetric behavior combined with inherent spatial features of the structure leads to directional double Fano resonances as shown with numerical analysis. A model based on temporal coupled mode theory is also provided to describe the double Fano behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alp Artar
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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35
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Pasquale AJ, Reinhard BM, Dal Negro L. Engineering photonic-plasmonic coupling in metal nanoparticle necklaces. ACS NANO 2011; 5:6578-6585. [PMID: 21739951 DOI: 10.1021/nn201959k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, by combining three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain simulations, dark-field scattering analysis, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) we systematically investigate the light-scattering and field localization properties of circular loops of closely spaced gold nanoparticles, or "nanoplasmonic necklaces", fabricated by electron-beam lithography on quartz substrates. In particular, we show that nanoplasmonic necklaces support two hybridized dipolar scattering resonances with polarization-controlled subwavelength localized fields (i.e., electromagnetic hot-spots), whose intensities are optimized by varying the necklace particle diameter and the particle number. Moreover, we show that strong field intensity enhancement is obtained for the particular necklace diameters where loop-localized photonic resonances efficiently couple to the broadband plasmonic modes, enabling a simple design strategy for the optimization of electromagnetic near-fields. Following the proposed approach, we design nanoplasmonic necklaces supporting stronger field intensity enhancement than traditional nanoparticle monomer and dimer arrays. Finally, by performing SERS experiments on nanoplasmonic necklaces coated with a pMA molecular monolayer, we validate the optimization of their near-field properties and demonstrate their potential for plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa J Pasquale
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Photonics Center, Boston University, 8 Saint Mary's Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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36
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Chu Y, Wang D, Zhu W, Crozier KB. Double resonance surface enhanced Raman scattering substrates: an intuitive coupled oscillator model. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:14919-14928. [PMID: 21934853 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.014919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The strong coupling between localized surface plasmons and surface plasmon polaritons in a double resonance surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate is described by a classical coupled oscillator model. The effects of the particle density, the particle size and the SiO2 spacer thickness on the coupling strength are experimentally investigated. We demonstrate that by tuning the geometrical parameters of the double resonance substrate, we can readily control the resonance frequencies and tailor the SERS enhancement spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhuo Chu
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford St, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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Zhu W, Banaee MG, Wang D, Chu Y, Crozier KB. Lithographically fabricated optical antennas with gaps well below 10 nm. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2011; 7:1761-1766. [PMID: 21591254 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201100371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Zhu
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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Leggett GJ. Direct writing of metal nanostructures: lithographic tools for nanoplasmonics research. ACS NANO 2011; 5:1575-1579. [PMID: 21417494 DOI: 10.1021/nn2006442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Continued progress in the fast-growing field of nanoplasmonics will require the development of new methods for the fabrication of metal nanostructures. Optical lithography provides a continually expanding tool box. Two-photon processes, as demonstrated by Shukla et al. (doi: 10.1021/nn103015g), enable the fabrication of gold nanostructures encapsulated in dielectric material in a simple, direct process and offer the prospect of three-dimensional fabrication. At higher resolution, scanning probe techniques enable nanoparticle particle placement by localized oxidation, and near-field sintering of nanoparticulate films enables direct writing of nanowires. Direct laser "printing" of single gold nanoparticles offers a remarkable capability for the controlled fabrication of model structures for fundamental studies, particle-by-particle. Optical methods continue to provide a powerful support for research into metamaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham J Leggett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK.
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