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Zhuang D, Zhang R, Liu H, Dai Y. A Small Natural Molecule S3 Protects Retinal Ganglion Cells and Promotes Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy against Excitotoxicity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154957. [PMID: 35956907 PMCID: PMC9370668 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate excitotoxicity may contribute to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration in glaucoma and other optic neuropathies, leading to irreversible blindness. Growing evidence has linked impaired mitochondrial quality control with RGCs degeneration, while parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, has proved to be protective and promotes mitophagy in RGCs against excitotoxicity. The purpose of this study was to explore whether a small molecule S3 could modulate parkin-mediated mitophagy and has therapeutic potential for RGCs. The results showed that as an inhibitor of deubiquitinase USP30, S3 protected cultured RGCs and improved mitochondrial health against NMDA-induced excitotoxicity. Administration of S3 promoted the parkin expression and its downstream mitophagy-related proteins in RGCs. An upregulated ubiquitination level of Mfn2 and protein level of OPA1 were also observed in S3-treated RGCs, while parkin knockdown resulted in a major loss of the protective effect of S3 on RGCs under excitotoxicity. These findings demonstrated that S3 promoted RGC survival mainly through enhancing parkin-mediated mitophagy against excitotoxicity. The neuroprotective value of S3 in glaucoma and other optic neuropathies deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongli Zhuang
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration (Fudan University), Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration (Fudan University), Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Yi Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration (Fudan University), Shanghai 200031, China
- Correspondence:
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Wang Q, Chen MM, Hu XF, Wang RH, He QL. The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Spiraea japonica var. acuminata Franch. (Rosaceae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2022; 7:275-276. [PMID: 35097214 PMCID: PMC8797734 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2022.2028590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Spirea japonica var. acuminata Franch. (Rosaceae) is a Chinese herbal medicine distributed in southwest and east China. The first complete chloroplast genome of Spirea japonica var. acuminata Franch. was assembled and reported in this study. The genome is 153,822 bp in length and contained 125 encoded genes in total, including 80 protein-coding genes, eight ribosomal RNA genes, and 37 transfer RNA genes. The phylogenomic analysis showed that Spirea japonica var. acuminata Franch. was closely related to Spirea blumei, Spirea trilobata, Spirea mongolica and Spirea insularis according to the current sampling extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min-min Chen
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xia-fang Hu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui-hong Wang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Ling He
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
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Umekubo N, Taniguchi T, Monde K, Hayashi Y. Synthesis of Bicyclo[2.2.2]octanes with a Quaternary Bridgehead Carbon by Diphenylprolinol Silyl Ether‐mediated Domino Reaction. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nariyoshi Umekubo
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Tohru Taniguchi
- Frontier Research Center of Advanced Material and Life Science Faculty of Advanced Life Science Hokkaido University Sapporo 001-0021 Japan
| | - Kenji Monde
- Frontier Research Center of Advanced Material and Life Science Faculty of Advanced Life Science Hokkaido University Sapporo 001-0021 Japan
| | - Yujiro Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University Sendai 980-8578 Japan
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Umekubo N, Hayashi Y. Asymmetric One‐Pot Mukaiyama Michael/Michael Reaction Catalyzed by Diphenylprolinol Silyl Ether. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nariyoshi Umekubo
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University 6‐3 Aza‐Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba‐ku 980‐8578 Sendai Japan
| | - Yujiro Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University 6‐3 Aza‐Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba‐ku 980‐8578 Sendai Japan
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Shen YM, Chen DZ. An Explorer of Chemical Biology of Plant Natural Products in Southwest China, Xiaojiang Hao. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2018; 8:217-226. [PMID: 30032475 PMCID: PMC6102171 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-018-0184-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Xiaojiang Hao, who obtained Master Degree from Kunming Institute of Botany (KIB), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in 1985, and Doctor in Pharmacy degree in Pharmacy from Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, in 1990, was born in Chongqing in July, 1951. In 1991, he returned to KIB, CAS, as an Associate professor and served as the chair of the Department of Phytochemistry. In 1994, he was promoted to a full professor at the current institute. He served as the Deputy Director of KIB and the Director of Open Laboratory of Phytochemistry from 1995 to 1997, and the Director of KIB from 1997 to 2005. Professor Hao has published more than 450 peer-reviewed SCI papers, which have been cited over 6000 times. He has obtained one PCT patent and 23 patents in China. Due to his tremendous efforts, one candidate drug, phenchlobenpyrrone, has entered the Phase II clinical trail for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, he won the First Prize of Natural Sciences in Yunnan Province for three times, and Ho Leung Ho Lee Fund Science and Technology Innovation Award in 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Mao Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Academic City, No. 3491 Platina Way, Hi-tech Zone, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Duo-Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
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Yi X, Tang H, Chen J, Xu X, Ma Y. Facile one-pot synthesis of a 3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane scaffold by a tandem Mannich reaction. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00870a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Various 3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane derivatives are readily synthesized directly from aromatic ketones, paraformaldehyde and dimethylamine via a novel one-pot tandem Mannich annulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yi
- College of Pharmaceutical Science
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
- Hangzhou 311400
- China
| | - Hongxia Tang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
- Hangzhou 311400
- China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
- Hangzhou 311400
- China
| | - Xiuling Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
- Hangzhou 311400
- China
| | - Yongmin Ma
- College of Pharmaceutical Science
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
- Hangzhou 311400
- China
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Qin XD, Yang S, Zhao Y, Wang LX, Ren FC, Wang F. Three New Atisane Diterpenoids fromSpiraea japonica. Helv Chim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201500282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Dong Qin
- College of Basic Science and Information Engineering; Yunnan Agricultural University; Kunming 650201 P. R. China
| | - Shu Yang
- College of Basic Science and Information Engineering; Yunnan Agricultural University; Kunming 650201 P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Basic Science and Information Engineering; Yunnan Agricultural University; Kunming 650201 P. R. China
| | - Li-Xia Wang
- BioBioPha Co., Ltd.; Kunming 650201 P. R. China
| | - Fu-Cai Ren
- BioBioPha Co., Ltd.; Kunming 650201 P. R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- BioBioPha Co., Ltd.; Kunming 650201 P. R. China
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Ma Y, Mao XY, Huang LJ, Fan YM, Gu W, Yan C, Huang T, Zhang JX, Yuan CM, Hao XJ. Diterpene alkaloids and diterpenes from Spiraea japonica and their anti-tobacco mosaic virus activity. Fitoterapia 2015; 109:8-13. [PMID: 26625838 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Five new naturally occurring natural products, including two atisine-type diterpene alkaloids (1 and 2), two atisane-type diterpenes (3 and 4), and a new natural product spiramine C2 (5), along with nine known ones (6-14), were isolated from the ethanolic extracts of the whole plant of Spiraea japonica var. acuminata Franch. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis. The anti-tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) activities of all the compounds were evaluated by the conventional half-leaf method. Six compounds (2, 3, 6, 7, 11, and 12) exhibited moderate activities at 100 μg/mL with inhibition rates in the range of 69.4-92.9%, which were higher than that of the positive control, ningnanmycin. Their preliminary structure-activity relationships were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Product of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Science, Guiyang 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Ying Mao
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Product of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Science, Guiyang 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Lie-Jun Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Product of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Science, Guiyang 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Min Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Product of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Science, Guiyang 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Gu
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Product of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Science, Guiyang 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Product of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Science, Guiyang 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Product of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Science, Guiyang 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Xin Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Product of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Science, Guiyang 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Mao Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Product of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Science, Guiyang 550002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Jiang Hao
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Product of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Science, Guiyang 550002, People's Republic of China.
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A diterpenoid derivative 15-oxospiramilactone inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling and colon cancer cell tumorigenesis. Cell Res 2011; 21:730-40. [PMID: 21321609 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2011.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is a highly conserved pathway in organism evolution and regulates many biological processes. Aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is closely related to tumorigenesis. In order to identify potent small molecules to treat the over-activated Wnt signaling-mediated cancer, such as colon cancer, we established a mammalian cell line-based reporter gene screening system. The screen revealed a diterpenoid derivative, 15-oxospiramilactone (NC043) that inhibits Wnt3a or LiCl-stimulated Top-flash reporter activity in HEK293T cells and growth of colon cancer cells, SW480 and Caco-2. Treatment of SW480 cells with NC043 led to decreases in the mRNA and/or protein expression of Wnt target genes Axin2, Cyclin D1 and Survivin , as well as decreases in the protein levels of Cdc25c and Cdc2. NC043 did not affect the cytosol-nuclear distribution and protein level of soluble β-catenin, but decreased β-catenin/TCF4 association in SW480 cells. Moreover, NC043 inhibited anchorage-independent growth and xenograft tumorigenesis of SW480 cells. Collectively these results demonstrate that NC043 is a novel small molecule that inhibits canonical Wnt signaling downstream of β-catenin stability and may be a potential compound for treating colorectal cancer.
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Matthew S, Ratnayake R, Becerro MA, Ritson-Williams R, Paul VJ, Luesch H. Intramolecular modulation of serine protease inhibitor activity in a marine cyanobacterium with antifeedant properties. Mar Drugs 2010; 8:1803-16. [PMID: 20631871 PMCID: PMC2901826 DOI: 10.3390/md8061803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Revised: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracts of the Floridian marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya cf. confervoides were found to deter feeding by reef fish and sea urchins (Diadema antillarum). This antifeedant activity may be a reflection of the secondary metabolite content, known to be comprised of many serine protease inhibitors. Further chemical and NMR spectroscopic investigation led us to isolate and structurally characterize a new serine protease inhibitor 1 that is formally derived from an intramolecular condensation of largamide D (2). The cyclization resulted in diminished activity, but to different extents against two serine proteases tested. This finding suggests that cyanobacteria can endogenously modulate the activity of their protease inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Matthew
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; E-Mails: (S.M.); (R.R.)
| | - Ranjala Ratnayake
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; E-Mails: (S.M.); (R.R.)
| | - Mikel A. Becerro
- Smithsonian Marine Station, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, FL 34949, USA; E-Mails: (M.A.B.); (R.R.-W.)
| | - Raphael Ritson-Williams
- Smithsonian Marine Station, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, FL 34949, USA; E-Mails: (M.A.B.); (R.R.-W.)
| | - Valerie J. Paul
- Smithsonian Marine Station, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, FL 34949, USA; E-Mails: (M.A.B.); (R.R.-W.)
| | - Hendrik Luesch
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; E-Mails: (S.M.); (R.R.)
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Abstract
The lasting attention that researchers have devoted to diterpenoid alkaloids is due to their various bioactivities and toxicities, structural complexity, and intriguing chemistry. From 1998 to the end of 2008, more than 300 new diterpenoid alkaloids were isolated from Nature. This review focuses on their structural relationships, and investigations into their chemical reactions, synthesis, and biological activities. A table that lists the names, plant sources, and structural types is given along with 363 references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Peng Wang
- Department of Chemistry of Medicinal Natural Products, West China College of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China.
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Choudhary MI, Naheed N, Abbaskhan A, Ali S. Hemiterpene glucosides and other constituents from Spiraea canescens. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2009; 70:1467-1473. [PMID: 19747701 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Revised: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Five glycosides, 2-(trans-cinnamoyloxy-methyl)-1-butene-4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), 4-(6'-O-trans-cinnamoyl)-(2-hydroxymethyl-4-hydroxy-butenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), 6''-O-trans-p-coumaroyl-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), 6'-O-(4-methoxy-trans-cinnamoyl) alpha/beta-D-glucopyranose (4) 6'-O-(4''-methoxy-trans-cinnamoyl)-kaempferol-3-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7) along with six known compounds, (+)-isolariciresinol 3a-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (8) (+)-lyoniresinol 3a-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (9), apigenin 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (10), quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (11), 6'-O-cinnamoyl-alpha/beta-D-glucopyranose (6) 6'-O-p-coumaroyl-alpha/beta-D-glucopyranose (5) were isolated from the whole plant of Spiraea canescens. Some of these compounds showed potent radical scavenging activity in relevant non-physiological assays. Their structures were determined by NMR spectroscopic and CID mass spectrometric techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Iqbal Choudhary
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
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Liu HY, Ni W, Chen CX, Di YT, Hao XJ. Two New Diterpenoid Lactams fromSpiraea japonicavar.ovalifolia. Helv Chim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200800442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zhang Z, Di YT, Wang YH, Zhang Z, Mu SZ, Fang X, Zhang Y, Tan CJ, Zhang Q, Yan XH, Guo J, Li CS, Hao XJ. Gelegamines A–E: five new oxindole alkaloids from Gelsemium elegans. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.03.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Williams CM, Heim R, Bernhardt PV. Nitrogen is a requirement for the photochemical induced 3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane skeletal rearrangement! Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Li L, Shen YM, Yang XS, Zuo GY, Shen ZQ, Chen ZH, Hao XJ. Antiplatelet aggregation activity of diterpene alkaloids from Spiraea japonica. Eur J Pharmacol 2002; 449:23-8. [PMID: 12163102 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(02)01627-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Six diterpene alkaloids with an atisine-type C(20)-skeleton isolated from the Chinese herbal medicines Spiraea japonica var. acuta and S. japonica var. ovalifolia, as well as eight derivatives of spiramine C and spiradine F were evaluated for the ability to inhibit aggregation of rabbit platelets induced by arachidonic acid, ADP, and platelet-activating factor (PAF) in vitro. The results showed that 12 of the 14 atisine-type diterpene alkaloids significantly inhibited PAF-induced platelet aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner, but had no effect on ADP- or arachidonic acid-induced aggregation, exhibiting a selective inhibition. It is the first report that C(20)-diterpene alkaloids inhibit PAF-induced platelet aggregation. However, spiramine C1 concentration-dependently inhibited platelet aggregation induced by PAF, ADP and arachidonic acid with IC(50) values of 30.5+/-2.7, 56.8+/-8.4 and 29.9+/-9.9 microM, respectively, suggesting a non-selective antiplatelet aggregation action. The inhibitory effect of spiramine C1 on arachidonic acid was as potent as that of aspirin. Primary studies of the structure-activity relationships for inhibition of PAF-induced aggregation showed that the oxygen substitution at the C-15 position and the presence of an oxazolidine ring in spiramine alkaloids were essential to their antiplatelet aggregation effects. These results suggest that the atisine-type alkaloids isolated from S. japonica are a class of novel antiplatelet aggregation agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Kunning Instiute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Heilongtan, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, PR China
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