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Lange BM, Conner CF. Taxanes and taxoids of the genus Taxus - A comprehensive inventory of chemical diversity. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 190:112829. [PMID: 34329937 PMCID: PMC8393860 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The pseudoalkaloid diterpene Taxol® (paclitaxel) emerged as a best-selling anti-cancer drug in the mid-1990s. The compound attracted considerable interest because of its unique mechanism to stabilize microtubules, thus reducing dynamicity and ultimately promoting mitotic arrest. Taxol was originally isolated from members of the genus Taxus. Over the last 50 years, close to 600 metabolites with taxane scaffolds were isolated from various Taxus species and their structures reported. The present review article provides an overview of the known chemical diversity of taxanes, with an emphasis on the functionalization of diterpene scaffolds. The implications of the occurrence of chemically diverse taxane metabolites for unraveling Taxol biosynthesis and enabling pathway engineering are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Markus Lange
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and M.J. Murdock Metabolomics Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-7411, USA.
| | - Caleb F Conner
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and M.J. Murdock Metabolomics Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-7411, USA
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Yu C, Luo X, Zhan X, Hao J, Zhang L, L Song YB, Shen C, Dong M. Comparative metabolomics reveals the metabolic variations between two endangered Taxus species (T. fuana and T. yunnanensis) in the Himalayas. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:197. [PMID: 30223770 PMCID: PMC6142684 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1412-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants of the genus Taxus have attracted much attention owing to the natural product taxol, a successful anti-cancer drug. T. fuana and T. yunnanensis are two endangered Taxus species mainly distributed in the Himalayas. In our study, an untargeted metabolomics approach integrated with a targeted UPLC-MS/MS method was applied to examine the metabolic variations between these two Taxus species growing in different environments. RESULTS The level of taxol in T. yunnanensis is much higher than that in T. fuana, indicating a higher economic value of T. yunnanensis for taxol production. A series of specific metabolites, including precursors, intermediates, competitors of taxol, were identified. All the identified intermediates are predominantly accumulated in T. yunnanensis than T. fuana, giving a reasonable explanation for the higher accumulation of taxol in T. yunnanensis. Taxusin and its analogues are highly accumulated in T. fuana, which may consume limited intermediates and block the metabolic flow towards taxol. The contents of total flavonoids and a majority of tested individual flavonoids are significantly accumulated in T. fuana than T. yunnanensis, indicating a stronger environmental adaptiveness of T. fuana. CONCLUSIONS Systemic metabolic profiling may provide valuable information for the comprehensive industrial utilization of the germplasm resources of these two endangered Taxus species growing in different environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunna Yu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
| | - Xiujun Luo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
| | - Xiaori Zhan
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
| | - Juan Hao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6430 USA
| | - Yao-Bin L Song
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
| | - Chenjia Shen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
| | - Ming Dong
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036 China
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Thomford AK, Ahmed Abdelhameed RF, Yamada K. Chemical studies on the parasitic plant Thonningia sanguinea Vahl. RSC Adv 2018; 8:21002-21011. [PMID: 35542344 PMCID: PMC9080861 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03913e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A detailed first-time report on plant sterols and one flavanone characterized from Thonningia sanguinea provides significant evidence for its ethnomedicinal usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ama Kyeraa Thomford
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
- Nagasaki University
- Nagasaki 852-8521
- Japan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
| | | | - Koji Yamada
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
- Nagasaki University
- Nagasaki 852-8521
- Japan
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Wang YF, Shi QW, Dong M, Kiyota H, Gu YC, Cong B. Natural Taxanes: Developments Since 1828. Chem Rev 2011; 111:7652-709. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100147u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050017, China
| | - Qing-Wen Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050017, China
| | - Mei Dong
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050017, China
| | - Hiromasa Kiyota
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology for Future Bioindustry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiya, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
| | - Yu-Cheng Gu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050017, China
- Syngenta Jealott’s Hill International Research Centre, Berkshire, RG42 6EY, U.K
| | - Bin Cong
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050017, China
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Tanaka K, Li F, Morikawa K, Nobukawa T, Kadota S. Analysis of biosynthetic fluctuations of cultured Taxus seedlings using a metabolomic approach. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2011; 72:1760-1766. [PMID: 21762939 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Revised: 04/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Fluctuations in the biosynthesis of taxoids in 1-5 year old cultured seedlings of Taxus chinensis var. mairei were investigated using LC-IT-TOF-MS and a metabolomics approach. In the total ion chromatogram (TIC) of the extracts, 16 prominent peaks were observed. Ten compounds were identified by comparison of retention times and MS/MS spectra with those of reference compounds. An additional 6 taxoids were isolated by preparative HPLC and identified by comparison of their spectroscopic data with those reported in the literature. It was clarified that the relative concentrations of taxoids with 4(20) double bonds are high at early stages of cultivation. On the other hand, relatively higher amounts of 5-acetoxy taxoids oxidized at the 4- and 10- positions and taxoids having 5(20)-oxetane rings were found at later stages of cultivation. This approach provides practical information on the biosynthetic flow of taxoids in cultured yew seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Tanaka
- Department of Medicinal Resources, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
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Morikawa K, Tanaka K, Li F, Awale S, Tezuka Y, Nobukawa T, Kadota S. Analysis of MS/MS Fragmentation of Taxoids. Nat Prod Commun 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1000501007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The fragmentation pathways of seven types of taxoids were investigated by using a LC-MS/MS method, namely: (1) neutral taxoids with a C-4(20) double bond; (2) taxoids with a C-4(20) double bond and oxygenation at C-14; (3) 5-cinnamoyl taxoids with a C-4(20) double bond; (4) a basic taxoid with a C-4(20) double bond; (5) a taxoid with a C-4(20) epoxide; (6) taxoids with an oxetane ring; and (7) taxoids with an oxetane ring and a phenylisoserine C-13 side chain. Depending on the class of core structure and the substitution pattern, each taxoid gave either the molecular adduct ion [M+NH4]+ or [M+H]+. In the MS/MS, the molecular adduct ion gave characteristic product ions corresponding to the loss of water, acetic acid, benzoic acid, and cinnamic acid or the phenylisoserine group. These could reflect the difference of the substitutions and structural modifications and should be utilized for the structure elucidation of taxoids by LC-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouhei Morikawa
- Division of Complementary Medicine, School of Allied Health Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara 228-8555, Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Resources, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Feng Li
- Division of Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Resources, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Suresh Awale
- Division of Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Resources, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Tezuka
- Division of Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Resources, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nobukawa
- Division of Complementary Medicine, School of Allied Health Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara 228-8555, Japan
| | - Shigetoshi Kadota
- Division of Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Resources, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Wen Shi
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medicinal University, 336 Zhongshan East Road, 050017, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, PR China
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Shi QW, Ji X, Lesimple A, Sauriol F, Zamir LO. Taxanes with C-5-amino-side chains from the needles of Taxus canadensis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2004; 65:3097-106. [PMID: 15541737 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2004] [Revised: 04/27/2004] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Five taxanes with an amino-side chain on C-5 were identified for the first time in the needles of the Canadian yew, Taxus canadensis. Their structures were characterized as 2alpha,7beta,9alpha,10beta,13-pentaacetoxy-11beta-hydroxy-5alpha-(3'-N,N-dimethylamino-3'-phenyl)-propionyloxytaxa-4(20),12-diene (1), 2alpha,9alpha-dihydroxy-10beta,13alpha-diacetoxy-5alpha-(3'-methylamino-3'-phenyl)-propionyloxytaxa-4(20),11-diene (2), 2alpha17-dihydroxy-9alpha,10beta,13alpha-triacetoxy-5alpha-(3'-N,N-dimethylamino-3'-phenyl)-propionyloxytaxa-4(20),11-diene (3), 2alpha-hydroxy-7beta,9alpha,10beta,13alpha-tetraacetoxy-5alpha-(2'-hydroxy-3'-N,N-dimethylamino-3'-phenyl)-propionyloxytaxa-4(20),11-diene (4), and 9alpha-hydroxy-2alpha,10beta,13alpha-triacetoxy-5alpha-(3'-N,N-dimethylamino-3'-phenyl)-propionyloxytaxa-4(20),11-diene (5) on the basis of 1D-, 2D-NMR spectroscopic data and high-resolution fast atom bombardment MS analyses. Metabolite (1) was isolated from the needles of the Canadian yew for the first time but had previously been detected in the stems of the Japanese yew, whereas taxanes (2-5) are only now reported. Metabolite (3) is the first reported nitrogen-containing taxane with a 17-hydroxyl substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Wen Shi
- Human Health Research Center, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Universite du Quebec, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Que., Canada H7V 1B7
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Banskota AH, Nguyen NT, Tezuka Y, Le Tran Q, Nobukawa T, Kurashige Y, Sasahara M, Kadota S. Secoisolariciresinol and isotaxiresinol inhibit tumor necrosis factor-α-dependent hepatic apoptosis in mice. Life Sci 2004; 74:2781-92. [PMID: 15043992 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2003.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2003] [Accepted: 10/30/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The effects of secoisolariciresinol (1) and isotaxiresinol (2), two major lignans isolated from the wood of Taxus yunnanensis, on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-dependent hepatic apoptosis induced by D-galactosamine (d-GalN)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were investigated in mice. Co-administration of d-GalN (700 mg/kg) and LPS (10 microg/kg) resulted in a typical hepatic apoptosis characterized by DNA fragmentation and the formation of apoptotic bodies. Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (sGPT) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (sGOT) levels were also raised at 8 h after d-GalN/LPS intoxication due to a severe necrosis of hepatocytes. Pre-administration of 1 or 2 (50, 10 mg/kg, i.p.) 12 and 1 h before d-GalN/LPS significantly reduced DNA fragmentation and prevented chromatin condensation, apoptotic body formation and hepatitis. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secreted from LPS-activated macrophages are important mediators of hepatocyte apoptosis in this model. Pre-treatment with 1 or 2 significantly inhibited the elevation of serum TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma levels. In a separate experiment, both lignans had a significant dose-dependent protective effect on d-GalN/TNF-alpha-induced cell death in primary cultured mouse hepatocytes and TNF-alpha-mediated cell death in murine L929 fibrosarcoma cells. These results indicated that 1 and 2 prevent d-GalN/LPS-induced hepatic injury by inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis through the blocking of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma production by activated macrophages and direct inhibition of the apoptosis induced by TNF-alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun H Banskota
- Institute of Natural Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2630-Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Nguyen NT, Banskota AH, Tezuka Y, Nobukawa T, Kadota S. Diterpenes and sesquiterpenes from the bark of Taxus yunnanensis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2003; 64:1141-7. [PMID: 14568081 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(03)00503-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Two taxane-type diterpenes, 10beta-acetoxy-2alpha,5alpha,7beta,9alpha-tetrahydroxytaxa-4(20),11-dien-13-one and 2alpha-acetoxy-9alpha-benzoyloxy-5alpha,7beta,10beta,15-tetrahydroxy-11(15-->1)- abeotaxa-4(20),11-dien-13-one, and two new drimane-type sesquiterpenes, 1beta-acetoxy-7-drimen-11alpha-ol-12,11-lactone and 1beta-acetoxy-11,12-epoxy-6-drimen-8alpha,11alpha-diol, were isolated from the bark of Taxus yunnanensis together with 35 known taxane-type diterpenes, a known drimane-type sesquiterpene and a known flavanone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhan Trung Nguyen
- Institute of Natural Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2630-Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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