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Shah KN, Shah PN, Agobe FO, Lovato K, Gao H, Ogun O, Hoffman C, Yabe-Gill M, Chen Q, Sweatt J, Chirra B, Muñoz-Medina R, Farmer DE, Kürti L, Cannon CL. Antimicrobial activity of a natural compound and analogs against multi-drug-resistant Gram-positive pathogens. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0151522. [PMID: 38289721 PMCID: PMC10913730 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01515-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has sparked global concern due to the dwindling availability of effective antibiotics. To increase our treatment options, researchers have investigated naturally occurring antimicrobial compounds and have identified MC21-A (C58), which has potent antimicrobial activity against MRSA. Recently, we have devised total synthesis schemes for C58 and its chloro-analog, C59. Here, we report that both compounds eradicate 90% of the 39 MRSA isolates tested [MIC90 and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC90)] at lower or comparable concentrations compared to several standard-of-care (SoC) antimicrobials including daptomycin, vancomycin, and linezolid. Furthermore, a stable, water-soluble sodium salt of C59, C59Na, demonstrates antimicrobial activity comparable to C59. C59, unlike vancomycin, kills stationary-phase MRSA in a dose-dependent manner and completely eradicates MRSA biofilms. In contrast to vancomycin, exposing MRSA to sub-MIC concentrations of C59 does not result in the emergence of spontaneous resistance. Similarly, in a multi-step study, C59 demonstrates a low propensity of resistance acquisition when compared to SoC antimicrobials, such as linezolid and clindamycin. Our findings suggest C58, C59, and C59Na are non-toxic to mammalian cells at concentrations that exert antimicrobial activity; the lethal dose at median cell viability (LD50) is at least fivefold higher than the MBC90 in the two mammalian cell lines tested. A morphological examination of the effects of C59 on a MRSA isolate suggests the inhibition of the cell division process as a mechanism of action. Our results demonstrate the potential of this naturally occurring compound and its analogs as non-toxic next-generation antimicrobials to combat MRSA infections. IMPORTANCE The rapid emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates has precipitated a critical need for novel antibiotics. We have developed a one-pot synthesis method for naturally occurring compounds such as MC21-A (C58) and its chloro-analog, C59. Our findings demonstrate that these compounds kill MRSA isolates at lower or comparable concentrations to standard-of-care (SoC) antimicrobials. C59 eradicates MRSA cells in biofilms, which are notoriously difficult to treat with SoC antibiotics. Additionally, the lack of resistance development observed with C59 treatment is a significant advantage when compared to currently available antibiotics. Furthermore, these compounds are non-toxic to mammalian cell lines at effective concentrations. Our findings indicate the potential of these compounds to treat MRSA infections and underscore the importance of exploring natural products for novel antibiotics. Further investigation will be essential to fully realize the therapeutic potential of these next-generation antimicrobials to address the critical issue of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kush N. Shah
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis & Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Parth N. Shah
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis & Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Francesca O. Agobe
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis & Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Lovato
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hongyin Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Oluwadara Ogun
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis & Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Cason Hoffman
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis & Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Marium Yabe-Gill
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Qingquan Chen
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis & Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Jordan Sweatt
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis & Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Bhagath Chirra
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis & Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Ricardo Muñoz-Medina
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis & Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Delaney E. Farmer
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis & Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - László Kürti
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Carolyn L. Cannon
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis & Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
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2
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Zheng K, Dong Y, Liang Y, Liu Y, Zhang X, Zhang W, Wang Z, Shao H, Sung YY, Mok WJ, Wong LL, McMinn A, Wang M. Genomic diversity and ecological distribution of marine Pseudoalteromonas phages. MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 5:271-285. [PMID: 37275543 PMCID: PMC10232697 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-022-00160-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pseudoalteromonas, with a ubiquitous distribution, is one of the most abundant marine bacterial genera. It is especially abundant in the deep sea and polar seas, where it has been found to have a broad metabolic capacity and unique co-existence strategies with other organisms. However, only a few Pseudoalteromonas phages have so far been isolated and investigated and their genomic diversity and distribution patterns are still unclear. Here, the genomes, taxonomic features and distribution patterns of Pseudoalteromonas phages are systematically analyzed, based on the microbial and viral genomes and metagenome datasets. A total of 143 complete or nearly complete Pseudoalteromonas-associated phage genomes (PSAPGs) were identified, including 34 Pseudoalteromonas phage isolates, 24 proviruses, and 85 Pseudoalteromonas-associated uncultured viral genomes (UViGs); these were assigned to 47 viral clusters at the genus level. Many integrated proviruses (n = 24) and filamentous phages were detected (n = 32), suggesting the prevalence of viral lysogenic life cycle in Pseudoalteromonas. PSAPGs encoded 66 types of 249 potential auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) relating to peptidases and nucleotide metabolism. They may also participate in marine biogeochemical cycles through the manipulation of the metabolism of their hosts, especially in the phosphorus and sulfur cycles. Siphoviral and filamentous PSAPGs were the predominant viral lineages found in polar areas, while some myoviral and siphoviral PSAPGs encoding transposase were more abundant in the deep sea. This study has expanded our understanding of the taxonomy, phylogenetic and ecological scope of marine Pseudoalteromonas phages and deepens our knowledge of viral impacts on Pseudoalteromonas. It will provide a baseline for the study of interactions between phages and Pseudoalteromonas in the ocean. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-022-00160-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyang Zheng
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100 China
| | - Yue Dong
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100 China
| | - Yantao Liang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100 China
- UMT-OUC Joint Center for Marine Studies, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Yundan Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100 China
| | - Xinran Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100 China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100 China
| | - Ziyue Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100 China
| | - Hongbing Shao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100 China
- UMT-OUC Joint Center for Marine Studies, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Yeong Yik Sung
- UMT-OUC Joint Center for Marine Studies, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), 21030 Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
| | - Wen Jye Mok
- UMT-OUC Joint Center for Marine Studies, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), 21030 Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
| | - Li Lian Wong
- UMT-OUC Joint Center for Marine Studies, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), 21030 Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
| | - Andrew McMinn
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100 China
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Min Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100 China
- UMT-OUC Joint Center for Marine Studies, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Haide College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100 China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000 China
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3
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Gribble GW. Naturally Occurring Organohalogen Compounds-A Comprehensive Review. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 121:1-546. [PMID: 37488466 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26629-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The present volume is the third in a trilogy that documents naturally occurring organohalogen compounds, bringing the total number-from fewer than 25 in 1968-to approximately 8000 compounds to date. Nearly all of these natural products contain chlorine or bromine, with a few containing iodine and, fewer still, fluorine. Produced by ubiquitous marine (algae, sponges, corals, bryozoa, nudibranchs, fungi, bacteria) and terrestrial organisms (plants, fungi, bacteria, insects, higher animals) and universal abiotic processes (volcanos, forest fires, geothermal events), organohalogens pervade the global ecosystem. Newly identified extraterrestrial sources are also documented. In addition to chemical structures, biological activity, biohalogenation, biodegradation, natural function, and future outlook are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon W Gribble
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
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4
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Halogenated Pyrrolopyrimidines with Low MIC on Staphylococcus aureus and Synergistic Effects with an Antimicrobial Peptide. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11080984. [PMID: 35892374 PMCID: PMC9330635 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11080984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is a world-wide rise in antibiotic resistance causing burdens to individuals and public healthcare systems. At the same time drug development is lagging behind. Therefore, finding new ways of treating bacterial infections either by identifying new agents or combinations of drugs is of utmost importance. Additionally, if combination therapy is based on agents with different modes of action, resistance is less likely to develop. The synthesis of 21 fused pyrimidines and a structure-activity relationship study identified two 6-aryl-7H-pyrrolo [2,3-d] pyrimidin-4-amines with potent activity towards Staphylococcus aureus. The MIC-value was found to be highly dependent on a bromo or iodo substitution in the 4-benzylamine group and a hydroxyl in the meta or para position of the 6-aryl unit. The most active bromo and iodo derivatives had MIC of 8 mg/L. Interestingly, the most potent compounds experienced a four-fold lower MIC-value when they were combined with the antimicrobial peptide betatide giving MIC of 1–2 mg/L. The front runner bromo derivative also has a low activity towards 50 human kinases, including thymidylate monophosphate kinase, a putative antibacterial target.
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5
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Alviz-Gazitua P, González A, Lee MR, Aranda CP. Molecular Relationships in Biofilm Formation and the Biosynthesis of Exoproducts in Pseudoalteromonas spp. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 24:431-447. [PMID: 35486299 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10097-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Most members of the Pseudoalteromonas genus have been isolated from living surfaces as members of epiphytic and epizooic microbiomes on marine macroorganisms. Commonly Pseudoalteromonas isolates are reported as a source of bioactive exoproducts, i.e., secondary metabolites, such as exopolymeric substances and extracellular enzymes. The experimental conditions for the production of these agents are commonly associated with sessile metabolic states such as biofilms or liquid cultures in the stationary growth phase. Despite this, the molecular mechanisms that connect biofilm formation and the biosynthesis of exoproducts in Pseudoalteromonas isolates have rarely been mentioned in the literature. This review compiles empirical evidence about exoproduct biosynthesis conditions and molecular mechanisms that regulate sessile metabolic states in Pseudoalteromonas species, to provide a comprehensive perspective on the regulatory convergences that generate the recurrent coexistence of both phenomena in this bacterial genus. This synthesis aims to provide perspectives on the extent of this phenomenon for the optimization of bioprospection studies and biotechnology processes based on these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Alviz-Gazitua
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Los Lagos, Avda. Fuchslocher 1305, P. Box 5290000, Osorno, Chile
| | - A González
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Los Lagos, Avda. Fuchslocher 1305, P. Box 5290000, Osorno, Chile
| | - M R Lee
- Centro i~mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Camino a Chinquihue km 6, P. Box 5480000, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - C P Aranda
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Los Lagos, Avda. Fuchslocher 1305, P. Box 5290000, Osorno, Chile.
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6
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Seipp K, Geske L, Opatz T. Marine Pyrrole Alkaloids. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:514. [PMID: 34564176 PMCID: PMC8471394 DOI: 10.3390/md19090514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen heterocycles are essential parts of the chemical machinery of life and often reveal intriguing structures. They are not only widespread in terrestrial habitats but can also frequently be found as natural products in the marine environment. This review highlights the important class of marine pyrrole alkaloids, well-known for their diverse biological activities. A broad overview of the marine pyrrole alkaloids with a focus on their isolation, biological activities, chemical synthesis, and derivatization covering the decade from 2010 to 2020 is provided. With relevant structural subclasses categorized, this review shall provide a clear and timely synopsis of this area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Till Opatz
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Section, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10–14, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (K.S.); (L.G.)
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7
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Grabarczyk M, Wińska K, Mączka W. An Overview of Synthetic Methods for the Preparation of Halolactones. Curr Org Synth 2020; 16:98-111. [PMID: 31965924 DOI: 10.2174/1570179415666180918152652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Halolactones are used both in chemical synthesis as intermediates as well as in various industries. These compounds may be secondary metabolites of living organisms, although they are mainly obtained by chemical synthesis. The substrates for the synthesis of chloro-, bromo- and iodolactones are often unsaturated carboxylic acids, and sometimes they are unsaturated esters. The article presents a number of different methods for the production of halolactones, both racemic mixtures and enantiomerically enriched compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Grabarczyk
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Wińska
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Wanda Mączka
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
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8
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Karimi S, Ma S, Qu M, Chen B, Ramig K, Greer EM, Szalda DJ, Neary MC, Berkowitz WF, Subramaniam G. A new synthesis of biologically active pyrroles: Formal synthesis of pentabromopseudilin, bimetopyrol, and several antitubercular agents. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sasan Karimi
- Department of ChemistryQueensborough Community College of the City University of New York Bayside New York
| | - Shuai Ma
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryQueens College of the City University of New York Flushing New York
| | - Michelle Qu
- Department of ChemistryQueensborough Community College of the City University of New York Bayside New York
| | - Biling Chen
- Department of ChemistryQueensborough Community College of the City University of New York Bayside New York
| | - Keith Ramig
- Department of Natural SciencesBaruch College of the City University of New York New York New York
| | - Edyta M. Greer
- Department of Natural SciencesBaruch College of the City University of New York New York New York
| | - David J. Szalda
- Department of Natural SciencesBaruch College of the City University of New York New York New York
| | - Michelle C. Neary
- Department of ChemistryHunter College of the City University of New York New York New York
| | - William F. Berkowitz
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryQueens College of the City University of New York Flushing New York
| | - Gopal Subramaniam
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryQueens College of the City University of New York Flushing New York
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9
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Kurhekar JV. Antimicrobial lead compounds from marine plants. PHYTOCHEMICALS AS LEAD COMPOUNDS FOR NEW DRUG DISCOVERY 2020. [PMCID: PMC7153345 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-817890-4.00017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Marine environment is a home to a very wide diversity of flora and fauna, which includes an array of genetically diverse coastline and under seawater plant species, animal species, microbial species, their habitats, ecosystems, and supporting ecological processes. The Earth is home to an estimated 10 million species, of which a large chunk belongs to marine environment. Marine plants are a store house of a variety of antimicrobial compounds like classes of marine flavonoids—flavones and flavonols, terpenoids, alkaloids, peptides, carbohydrates, fatty acids, polyketides, polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, and steroids. Lot of research today is directed toward marine species, which have proved to be a potent source of structurally widely diverse and yet highly bioactive secondary metabolites. Varied species of phylum Porifera, algae including diatoms, Chlorophyta, Euglenophyta, Dinoflagellata, Chrysophyta, cyanobacteria, Rhodophyta, and Phaeophyta, bacteria, fungi, and weeds have been exploited by mankind for their inherent indigenous biological antimicrobial compounds, produced under the extreme stressful underwater conditions of temperature, atmospheric pressure, light, and nutrition. The present study aims at presenting a brief review of bioactive marine compounds possessing antimicrobial potency.
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10
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Ngangbam AK, Mouatt P, Smith J, Waters DLE, Benkendorff K. Bromoperoxidase Producing Bacillus spp. Isolated from the Hypobranchial Glands of a Muricid Mollusc Are Capable of Tyrian Purple Precursor Biogenesis. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17050264. [PMID: 31058830 PMCID: PMC6562550 DOI: 10.3390/md17050264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The secondary metabolite Tyrian purple, also known as shellfish purple and royal purple, is a dye with historical importance for humans. The biosynthetic origin of Tyrian purple in Muricidae molluscs is not currently known. A possible role for symbiotic bacteria in the production of tyrindoxyl sulphate, the precursor to Tyrian purple stored in the Australian species, Dicathais orbita, has been proposed. This study aimed to culture bacterial symbionts from the purple producing hypobranchial gland, and screen the isolates for bromoperoxidase genes using molecular methods. The ability of bromoperoxidase positive isolates to produce the brominated indole precursor to Tyrian purple was then established by extraction of the culture, and analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). In total, 32 bacterial isolates were cultured from D. orbita hypobranchial glands, using marine agar, marine agar with hypobranchial gland aqueous extracts, blood agar, thiosulphate citrate bile salts sucrose agar, and cetrimide agar at pH 7.2. These included 26 Vibrio spp., two Bacillus spp., one Phaeobacter sp., one Shewanella sp., one Halobacillus sp. and one Pseudoalteromonas sp. The two Bacillus species were the only isolates found to have coding sequences for bromoperoxidase enzymes. LC-MS analysis of the supernatant and cell pellets from the bromoperoxidase producing Bacillus spp. cultured in tryptone broth, supplemented with KBr, confirmed their ability to produce the brominated precursor to Tyrian purple, tyrindoxyl sulphate. This study supports a potential role for symbiotic Bacillus spp. in the biosynthesis of Tyrian purple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Kumar Ngangbam
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia.
| | - Peter Mouatt
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia.
| | - Joshua Smith
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia.
| | - Daniel L E Waters
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia.
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Functional Grains, Charles Sturt University, Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia.
| | - Kirsten Benkendorff
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia.
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11
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Busch J, Agarwal V, Schorn M, Machado H, Moore BS, Rouse GW, Gram L, Jensen PR. Diversity and distribution of the bmp gene cluster and its Polybrominated products in the genus Pseudoalteromonas. Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:1575-1585. [PMID: 30652406 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The production of pentabromopseudilin and related brominated compounds by Pseudoalteromonas spp. has recently been linked to the bmp biosynthetic gene cluster. This study explored the distribution and evolutionary history of this gene cluster in the genus Pseudoalteromonas. A phylogeny of the genus revealed numerous clades that do not contain type strains, suggesting considerable species level diversity has yet to be described. Comparative genomics revealed four distinct versions of the gene cluster distributed among 19 of the 101 Pseudoalteromonas genomes examined. These were largely localized to the least inclusive clades containing the Pseudoalteromonas luteoviolacea and Pseudoalteromonas phenolica type strains and show clear evidence of gene and gene cluster loss in certain lineages. Bmp gene phylogeny is largely congruent with the Pseudoalteromonas species phylogeny, suggesting vertical inheritance within the genus. However, the gene cluster is found in three different genomic environments suggesting either chromosomal rearrangement or multiple acquisition events. Bmp conservation within certain lineages suggests the encoded products are highly relevant to the ecology of these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Busch
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Scripps Center for Oceans and Human Health, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Vinayak Agarwal
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Scripps Center for Oceans and Human Health, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Schorn
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Scripps Center for Oceans and Human Health, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Henrique Machado
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads bldg. 221, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bradley S Moore
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Scripps Center for Oceans and Human Health, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Greg W Rouse
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lone Gram
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads bldg. 221, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Paul R Jensen
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Scripps Center for Oceans and Human Health, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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12
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Li Y, Fang Y, Zhang J, Feng L, Lv Y, Luo Y. Changes in Quality and Microbial Succession of Lightly Salted and Sugar-Salted Blunt Snout Bream ( Megalobrama amblycephala) Fillets Stored at 4°C. J Food Prot 2018; 81:1293-1303. [PMID: 29993284 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The effect of a low concentration of salt and sugar on the quality and microbial succession in blunt snout bream ( Megalobrama amblycephala) fillets was assessed by sensory analysis, total volatile basic nitrogen, biogenic amines, K value, total viable counts, 16S rRNA gene analysis, and Illumina MiSeq PE300 high-throughput sequencing. Fish samples were left untreated (control), treated with 1.8% salt (T1), or treated with 1.8% salt plus 0.9% sugar (T2). Consequently, salted and sugar-salted treatments extended the shelf life of bream fillets by 2 days, which retarded the increase of total volatile basic nitrogen, putrescine, cadaverine, and total viable counts. The putrescine and cadaverine concentrations of T2 were significantly ( P < 0.05) higher than T1 after day 10. Brachybacterium was the major initial microbiota of bream fillets. As storage time progressed, Pseudomonas and Shewanella were major genera in the spoiled control group. Pseudomonas, Shewanella, and Pseudoalteromonas became the main spoilers in the T1 and T2 groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- 1 Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, and
| | - Yida Fang
- 1 Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, and
| | - Jingbin Zhang
- 1 Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, and
| | - Ligeng Feng
- 1 Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, and
| | - Yuanmeng Lv
- 2 Shandong Rongsense Aquatic Products & Foods Group Company Limited, Rizhao, 276800, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongkang Luo
- 1 Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, and.,3 Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Animal Product, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
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13
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Buevich AV, Elyashberg ME. Towards unbiased and more versatile NMR-based structure elucidation: A powerful combination of CASE algorithms and DFT calculations. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2018; 56:493-504. [PMID: 28833470 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Computer-assisted structure elucidation (CASE) is composed of two steps: (a) generation of all possible structural isomers for a given molecular formula and 2D NMR data (COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) and (b) selection of the correct isomer based on empirical chemical shift predictions. This method has been very successful in solving structural problems of small organic molecules and natural products. However, CASE applications are generally limited to structural isomer problems and can sometimes be inconclusive due to insufficient accuracy of empirical shift predictions. Here, we report a synergistic combination of a CASE algorithm and density functional theory calculations that broadens the range of amenable structural problems to encompass proton-deficient molecules, molecules with heavy elements (e.g., halogens), conformationally flexible molecules, and configurational isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei V Buevich
- Discovery and Preclinical Sciences, Process and Analytical Chemistry, NMR Structure Elucidation, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
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14
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Taheri Kal Koshvandi A, Heravi MM, Momeni T. Current Applications of Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Reaction in The Total Synthesis of Natural Products: An update. Appl Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.10.1002/aoc.4210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tayebeh Momeni
- Department of ChemistryAlzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran
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15
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Taheri Kal Koshvandi A, Heravi MM, Momeni T. Current Applications of Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Reaction in The Total Synthesis of Natural Products: An update. Appl Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tayebeh Momeni
- Department of ChemistryAlzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran
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16
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Rampelotto PH, Trincone A. Anti-infective Compounds from Marine Organisms. GRAND CHALLENGES IN MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [PMCID: PMC7123853 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-69075-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pabulo H. Rampelotto
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Antonio Trincone
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
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17
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López Y, Cepas V, Soto SM. The Marine Ecosystem as a Source of Antibiotics. GRAND CHALLENGES IN MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-69075-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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18
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Synthesis and 2D-QSAR Study of Active Benzofuran-Based Vasodilators. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111820. [PMID: 29072621 PMCID: PMC6150240 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A new series of 2-alkyloxy-pyridine-3-carbonitrile-benzofuran hybrids (4a–x) was synthesized. All the new derivatives were examined via the standard technique for their vasodilation activity. Some of the investigated compounds exhibited a remarkable activity, with compounds 4w, 4e, 4r, 4s, 4f and 4g believed to be the most active hits in this study with IC50 values 0.223, 0.253, 0.254, 0.268, 0.267 and 0.275 mM, respectively, compared with amiodarone hydrochloride, the reference standard used (IC50 = 0.300 mM). CODESSA PRO was employed to obtain a statistically significant 2-Dimensional Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (2D-QSAR) model describing the bioactivity of the newly synthesized analogs (N = 24, n = 4, R2 = 0.816, R2cvOO = 0.731, R2cvMO = 0.772, F = 21.103, s2 = 6.191 × 10−8).
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19
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Pathan MA, Khan FA. N -dealkylative S N Ar reaction using aromatic halides: Synthesis of dihydrobenzoxazine and tetrahydrobenzoxazepine derivatives. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Kum DY, Nazari M, McPhail KL, Cooper CS, Suyama TL. Two-step total synthesis of an anti-MRSA and myosin-inhibiting marine natural product pentabromopseudilin via Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of a MIDA boronate ester. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Masschelein J, Jenner M, Challis GL. Antibiotics from Gram-negative bacteria: a comprehensive overview and selected biosynthetic highlights. Nat Prod Rep 2017. [PMID: 28650032 DOI: 10.1039/c7np00010c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2017The overwhelming majority of antibiotics in clinical use originate from Gram-positive Actinobacteria. In recent years, however, Gram-negative bacteria have become increasingly recognised as a rich yet underexplored source of novel antimicrobials, with the potential to combat the looming health threat posed by antibiotic resistance. In this article, we have compiled a comprehensive list of natural products with antimicrobial activity from Gram-negative bacteria, including information on their biosynthetic origin(s) and molecular target(s), where known. We also provide a detailed discussion of several unusual pathways for antibiotic biosynthesis in Gram-negative bacteria, serving to highlight the exceptional biocatalytic repertoire of this group of microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Masschelein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, UK.
| | - M Jenner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, UK.
| | - G L Challis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, UK.
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22
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Borchert E, Knobloch S, Dwyer E, Flynn S, Jackson SA, Jóhannsson R, Marteinsson VT, O'Gara F, Dobson ADW. Biotechnological Potential of Cold Adapted Pseudoalteromonas spp. Isolated from 'Deep Sea' Sponges. Mar Drugs 2017. [PMID: 28629190 PMCID: PMC5484134 DOI: 10.3390/md15060184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine genus Pseudoalteromonas is known for its versatile biotechnological potential with respect to the production of antimicrobials and enzymes of industrial interest. We have sequenced the genomes of three Pseudoalteromonas sp. strains isolated from different deep sea sponges on the Illumina MiSeq platform. The isolates have been screened for various industrially important enzymes and comparative genomics has been applied to investigate potential relationships between the isolates and their host organisms, while comparing them to free-living Pseudoalteromonas spp. from shallow and deep sea environments. The genomes of the sponge associated Pseudoalteromonas strains contained much lower levels of potential eukaryotic-like proteins which are known to be enriched in symbiotic sponge associated microorganisms, than might be expected for true sponge symbionts. While all the Pseudoalteromonas shared a large distinct subset of genes, nonetheless the number of unique and accessory genes is quite large and defines the pan-genome as open. Enzymatic screens indicate that a vast array of enzyme activities is expressed by the isolates, including β-galactosidase, β-glucosidase, and protease activities. A β-glucosidase gene from one of the Pseudoalteromonas isolates, strain EB27 was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and, following biochemical characterization, the recombinant enzyme was found to be cold-adapted, thermolabile, halotolerant, and alkaline active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Borchert
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland.
| | - Stephen Knobloch
- Department of Research and Innovation, Matís ohf., Reykjavik 113, Iceland.
| | - Emilie Dwyer
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland.
| | - Sinéad Flynn
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland.
| | - Stephen A Jackson
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland.
| | - Ragnar Jóhannsson
- Department of Research and Innovation, Matís ohf., Reykjavik 113, Iceland.
| | | | - Fergal O'Gara
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland.
- Biomerit Research Centre, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth 6102, WA, Australia.
| | - Alan D W Dobson
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland.
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23
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Offret C, Desriac F, Le Chevalier P, Mounier J, Jégou C, Fleury Y. Spotlight on Antimicrobial Metabolites from the Marine Bacteria Pseudoalteromonas: Chemodiversity and Ecological Significance. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:E129. [PMID: 27399731 PMCID: PMC4962019 DOI: 10.3390/md14070129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review is dedicated to the antimicrobial metabolite-producing Pseudoalteromonas strains. The genus Pseudoalteromonas hosts 41 species, among which 16 are antimicrobial metabolite producers. To date, a total of 69 antimicrobial compounds belonging to 18 different families have been documented. They are classified into alkaloids, polyketides, and peptides. Finally as Pseudoalteromonas strains are frequently associated with macroorganisms, we can discuss the ecological significance of antimicrobial Pseudoalteromonas as part of the resident microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Offret
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Microbienne LUBEM EA3882, Université de Brest, Technopole Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Florie Desriac
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Microbienne LUBEM EA3882, Université de Brest, Technopole Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Patrick Le Chevalier
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Microbienne LUBEM EA3882, Université de Brest, Technopole Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Jérôme Mounier
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Microbienne LUBEM EA3882, Université de Brest, Technopole Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Camille Jégou
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Microbienne LUBEM EA3882, Université de Brest, Technopole Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Yannick Fleury
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Microbienne LUBEM EA3882, Université de Brest, Technopole Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France.
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24
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Rational design, synthesis and 2D-QSAR study of novel vasorelaxant active benzofuran-pyridine hybrids. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2557-2561. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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25
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Cascioferro S, Raimondi MV, Cusimano MG, Raffa D, Maggio B, Daidone G, Schillaci D. Pharmaceutical Potential of Synthetic and Natural Pyrrolomycins. Molecules 2015; 20:21658-71. [PMID: 26690095 PMCID: PMC6331927 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistance is currently considered one of the most important global health problem. The continuous onset of multidrug-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains limits the clinical efficacy of most of the marketed antibiotics. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new antibiotics. Pyrrolomycins are a class of biologically active compounds that exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities, including antibacterial, antifungal, anthelmintic, antiproliferative, insecticidal, and acaricidal activities. In this review we focus on the antibacterial activity and antibiofilm activity of pyrrolomycins against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. Their efficacy, combined in some cases with a low toxicity, confers to these molecules a great potential for the development of new antimicrobial agents to face the antibiotic crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Cascioferro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche-Sezione di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche-Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, Palermo 90123, Italy.
- IEMEST, Istituto Euromediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia, Via Emerico Amari, 123, Palermo 90139, Italy.
| | - Maria Valeria Raimondi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche-Sezione di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche-Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, Palermo 90123, Italy.
| | - Maria Grazia Cusimano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche-Sezione di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche-Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, Palermo 90123, Italy.
| | - Demetrio Raffa
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche-Sezione di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche-Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, Palermo 90123, Italy.
| | - Benedetta Maggio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche-Sezione di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche-Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, Palermo 90123, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Daidone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche-Sezione di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche-Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, Palermo 90123, Italy.
| | - Domenico Schillaci
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche-Sezione di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche-Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, Palermo 90123, Italy.
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26
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Ngangbam AK, Baten A, Waters DLE, Whalan S, Benkendorff K. Characterization of Bacterial Communities Associated with the Tyrian Purple Producing Gland in a Marine Gastropod. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140725. [PMID: 26488885 PMCID: PMC4619447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dicathais orbita is a marine mollusc recognised for the production of anticancer compounds that are precursors to Tyrian purple. This study aimed to assess the diversity and identity of bacteria associated with the Tyrian purple producing hypobranchial gland, in comparison with foot tissue, using a high-throughput sequencing approach. Taxonomic and phylogenetic analysis of variable region V1-V3 of 16S rRNA bacterial gene amplicons in QIIME and MEGAN were carried out. This analysis revealed a highly diverse bacterial assemblage associated with the hypobranchial gland and foot tissues of D. orbita. The dominant bacterial phylum in the 16S rRNA bacterial profiling data set was Proteobacteria followed by Bacteroidetes, Tenericutes and Spirochaetes. In comparison to the foot, the hypobranchial gland had significantly lower bacterial diversity and a different community composition, based on taxonomic assignment at the genus level. A higher abundance of indole producing Vibrio spp. and the presence of bacteria with brominating capabilities in the hypobranchial gland suggest bacteria have a potential role in biosynthesis of Tyrian purple in D. orbita.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Kumar Ngangbam
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
| | - Abdul Baten
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
| | - Daniel L. E. Waters
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
| | - Steve Whalan
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
| | - Kirsten Benkendorff
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
- * E-mail:
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27
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Sandjo LP, Kuete V, Biavatti MW. Pyridinoacridine alkaloids of marine origin: NMR and MS spectral data, synthesis, biosynthesis and biological activity. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:1667-99. [PMID: 26664587 PMCID: PMC4660921 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on pyridoacridine-related metabolites as one biologically interesting group of alkaloids identified from marine sources. They are produced by marine sponges, ascidians and tunicates, and they are structurally comprised of four to eight fused rings including heterocycles. Acridine, acridone, dihydroacridine, and quinolone cores are features regularly found in these alkaloid skeletons. The lack of hydrogen atoms next to quaternary carbon atoms for two or three rings makes the chemical shift assignment a difficult task. In this regard, one of the aims of this review is the compilation of previously reported, pyridoacridine (13)C NMR data. Observations have been made on the delocalization of electrons and the presence of some functional groups that lead to changes in the chemical shift of some carbon resonances. The lack of mass spectra information for these alkaloids due to the compactness of their structures is further discussed. Moreover, the biosynthetic pathways of some of these metabolites have been shown since they could inspire biomimetic synthesis. The synthesis routes used to prepare members of these marine alkaloids (as well as their analogues), which are synthesized for biological purposes are also discussed. Pyridoacridines were found to have a large spectrum of bioactivity and this review highlights and compares the pharmacophores that are responsible for the observed bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis P Sandjo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CCS, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Maique W Biavatti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CCS, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
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28
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Hauler C, Vetter W. A non-targeted gas chromatography/electron capture negative ionization mass spectrometry selected ion monitoring screening method for polyhalogenated compounds in environmental samples. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2015; 29:619-628. [PMID: 26212279 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Many organohalogen compounds with adverse environmental properties have been detected in samples from marine ecosystems. Their quantitation is an important task in environmental analytical chemistry. However, the highly selective gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) selected ion monitoring (SIM) methods developed for this purpose only allow the detection of targeted compounds while unscreened compounds remain undiscovered. The detection of all polyhalogenated compounds in a sample requires the application of non-target methods. METHODS We present a simple quadrupole-based GC/ECNI-MS-SIM method in which the entire high mass range is screened in eight GC runs using three time windows. Recently developed in the GC/EI-MS mode, this approach has now been adapted to the more sensitive GC/ECNI-MS mode. With this method we analyzed a fraction of a dolphin blubber sample from Australia and a sponge sample from the Mediterranean Sea on polychlorinated and polybrominated compounds and compared the results with the corresponding GC/EI-MS measurements. RESULTS The non-targeted GC/ECNI-MS-SIM chromatograms were clearly structured and hardly showed co-elutions. Altogether, >400 polyhalogenated compounds were detected in both samples. Many of them originated from unknown compounds. Several new or scarcely analyzed compounds could be tentatively identified. Most of the compounds were not detected with the non-target GC/EI-MS-SIM approach (~150 compounds detected). We also developed a two-dimensional plot in which the mass of the monoisotopic peak was plotted over the GC retention time and which was helpful for the identification of isomers. CONCLUSIONS Since eight GC runs are required per sample, the method is not aimed for routine analysis. It is recommended as an initial screening method for the analysis of new sample matrices or samples from new regions. The non-targeted GC/ECNI-MS-SIM method benefits from the fact that it can be used with standard equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Hauler
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry (170 b), Garbenstraße 28, D-70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Walter Vetter
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry (170 b), Garbenstraße 28, D-70593, Stuttgart, Germany
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29
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Agarwal V, El Gamal AA, Yamanaka K, Poth D, Kersten RD, Schorn M, Allen EE, Moore BS. Biosynthesis of polybrominated aromatic organic compounds by marine bacteria. Nat Chem Biol 2014; 10:640-7. [PMID: 24974229 PMCID: PMC4104138 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polybrominated bipyrroles are natural products that bioaccumulate in the marine food chain. PBDEs have attracted widespread attention due to their persistence in the environment and potential toxicity to humans. However, the natural origins of PBDE biosynthesis are not known. Here we report marine bacteria as producers of PBDEs and establish a genetic and molecular foundation for their production that unifies paradigms for the elaboration of bromophenols and bromopyrroles abundant in marine biota. We provide biochemical evidence of marine brominase enzymes revealing decarboxylative-halogenation enzymology previously unknown among halogenating enzymes. Biosynthetic motifs discovered in our study were used to mine sequence databases to discover unrealized marine bacterial producers of organobromine compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Agarwal
- 1] Center for Oceans and Human Health, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA. [2]
| | - Abrahim A El Gamal
- 1] Center for Oceans and Human Health, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA. [2]
| | - Kazuya Yamanaka
- 1] Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA. [2]
| | - Dennis Poth
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Roland D Kersten
- 1] Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA. [2]
| | - Michelle Schorn
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Eric E Allen
- 1] Center for Oceans and Human Health, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA. [2] Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA. [3] Division of Biological Sciences, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Bradley S Moore
- 1] Center for Oceans and Human Health, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA. [2] Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA. [3] Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Martin R, Risacher C, Barthel A, Jäger A, Schmidt AW, Richter S, Böhl M, Preller M, Chinthalapudi K, Manstein DJ, Gutzeit HO, Knölker HJ. Silver(I)-Catalyzed Route to Pyrroles: Synthesis of Halogenated Pseudilins as Allosteric Inhibitors for Myosin ATPase and X-ray Crystal Structures of the Protein-Inhibitor Complexes. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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A coralline algal-associated bacterium, pseudoalteromonas strain J010, yields five new korormicins and a bromopyrrole. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:2802-15. [PMID: 24828288 PMCID: PMC4052317 DOI: 10.3390/md12052802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ethanol extract of Pseudoalteromonas strain J010, isolated from the surface of the crustose coralline alga Neogoniolithon fosliei, yielded thirteen natural products. These included a new bromopyrrole, 4′-((3,4,5-tribromo-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methyl)phenol (1) and five new korormicins G–K (2–6). Also isolated was the known inducer of coral larval metamorphosis, tetrabromopyrrole (TBP), five known korormicins (A–E, previously named 1, 1a–c and 3) and bromoalterochromide A (BAC-A). Structures of the new compounds were elucidated through interpretation of spectra obtained after extensive NMR and MS investigations and comparison with literature values. The antibacterial, antifungal and antiprotozoal potential of 1–6, TBP and BAC-A was assessed. Compounds 1–6 showed antibacterial activity while BAC-A exhibited antiprotozoal properties against Tetrahymena pyriformis. TBP was found to have broad-spectrum activity against all bacteria, the protozoan and the fungus Candida albicans.
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Mayer AMS, Rodríguez AD, Taglialatela-Scafati O, Fusetani N. Marine pharmacology in 2009-2011: marine compounds with antibacterial, antidiabetic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral activities; affecting the immune and nervous systems, and other miscellaneous mechanisms of action. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:2510-73. [PMID: 23880931 PMCID: PMC3736438 DOI: 10.3390/md11072510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro M. S. Mayer
- Department of Pharmacology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, Illinois 60515, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-630-515-6951; Fax: +1-630-971-6414
| | - Abimael D. Rodríguez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Napoli, Italy; E-Mail:
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Um S, Pyee Y, Kim EH, Lee SK, Shin J, Oh DC. Thalassospiramide G, a new γ-amino-acid-bearing peptide from the marine bacterium Thalassospira sp. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:611-22. [PMID: 23442790 PMCID: PMC3705361 DOI: 10.3390/md11030611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the chemical investigation of marine unicellular bacteria, a new peptide, thalassospiramide G (1), along with thalassospiramides A and D (2–3), was discovered from a large culture of Thalassospira sp. The structure of thalassospiramide G, bearing γ-amino acids, such as 4-amino-5-hydroxy-penta-2-enoic acid (AHPEA), 4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-pentanoic acid (ADPA), and unique 2-amino-1-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethanone (AIEN), was determined via extensive spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configuration of thalassospiramide D (3), including 4-amino-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentanoic acid (AHPPA), was rigorously determined by 1H–1H coupling constant analysis and chemical derivatization. Thalassospiramides A and D (2–3) inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, with IC50 values of 16.4 and 4.8 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohyun Um
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; E-Mails: (S.U.); (Y.P.); (S.K.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Yuna Pyee
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; E-Mails: (S.U.); (Y.P.); (S.K.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Eun-Hee Kim
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chungbuk 363-883, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Sang Kook Lee
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; E-Mails: (S.U.); (Y.P.); (S.K.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Jongheon Shin
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; E-Mails: (S.U.); (Y.P.); (S.K.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Dong-Chan Oh
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; E-Mails: (S.U.); (Y.P.); (S.K.L.); (J.S.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +82-2-880-2491; Fax: +82-2-762-8322
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Fungal strains as catalysts for the biotransformation of halolactones by hydrolytic dehalogenation with the dimethylcyclohexane system. Molecules 2012; 17:9741-53. [PMID: 22893020 PMCID: PMC6268817 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17089741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bicyclic chloro-, bromo- and iodo-γ-lactones with dimethylcyclohexane rings were used as substrates for bioconversion by several fungal strains (Fusarium, Botrytis and Beauveria). Most of the selected microorganisms transformed these lactones by hydrolytic dehalogenation into the new compound cis-2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-9-oxabicyclo[4.3.0]- nonan-8-one, mainly the (−)-isomer. When iodo-γ-lactone was used as the substrate, two products were observed: a hydroxy-γ-lactone and an unsaturated lactone. The structures of all substrates and products were established on the basis of their spectral data. The mechanism of dehalogenation of three halolactones was also studied.
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Chen YH, Kuo J, Su JH, Hwang TL, Chen YH, Lee CH, Weng CF, Sung PJ. Pseudoalteromone B: a novel 15C compound from a marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. CGH2XX. Mar Drugs 2012; 10:1566-1571. [PMID: 22851926 PMCID: PMC3407931 DOI: 10.3390/md10071566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel 15C compound, pseudoalteromone B (1), possessing a novel carbon skeleton, was obtained from a marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. CGH2XX. This bacterium was originally isolated from a cultured-type octocoral Lobophytum crassum, that was growing in cultivating tanks equipped with a flow-through sea water system. The structure of 1 was established by spectroscopic methods. Pseudoalteromone B (1) displayed a modestly inhibitory effect on the release of elastase by human neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsin Chen
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (C.-H.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 944, Taiwan; (J.K.); (J.-H.S.)
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 944, Taiwan;
| | - Jimmy Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 944, Taiwan; (J.K.); (J.-H.S.)
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 944, Taiwan;
| | - Jui-Hsin Su
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 944, Taiwan; (J.K.); (J.-H.S.)
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 944, Taiwan;
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Yung-Husan Chen
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 944, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Hung Lee
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (C.-H.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 944, Taiwan; (J.K.); (J.-H.S.)
| | - Ching-Feng Weng
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (C.-H.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 944, Taiwan; (J.K.); (J.-H.S.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; (C.-F.W.); (P.-J.S.); Tel.: +886-3-863-3637 (C.-F.W.); Fax: +886-3-863-3630 (C.-F.W.); Tel.: +886-8-882-5037 (P.-J.S.); Fax: +886-8-882-5087 (P.-J.S.)
| | - Ping-Jyun Sung
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (C.-H.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 944, Taiwan; (J.K.); (J.-H.S.)
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 944, Taiwan;
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources and Division of Marine Biotechnology, Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; (C.-F.W.); (P.-J.S.); Tel.: +886-3-863-3637 (C.-F.W.); Fax: +886-3-863-3630 (C.-F.W.); Tel.: +886-8-882-5037 (P.-J.S.); Fax: +886-8-882-5087 (P.-J.S.)
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Chen YH, Lu MC, Chang YC, Hwang TL, Wang WH, Weng CF, Kuo J, Sung PJ. Pseudoalteromone A: a novel bioactive ubiquinone from a marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. CGH2XX (Pseudoalteromonadaceae). Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.01.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Nikapitiya C. Bioactive secondary metabolites from marine microbes for drug discovery. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2012; 65:363-87. [PMID: 22361200 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416003-3.00024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The isolation and extraction of novel bioactive secondary metabolites from marine microorganisms have a biomedical potential for future drug discovery as the oceans cover 70% of the planet's surface and life on earth originates from sea. Wide range of novel bioactive secondary metabolites exhibiting pharmacodynamic properties has been isolated from marine microorganisms and many to be discovered. The compounds isolated from marine organisms (macro and micro) are important in their natural form and also as templates for synthetic modifications for the treatments for variety of deadly to minor diseases. Many technical issues are yet to overcome before wide-scale bioprospecting of marine microorganisms becomes a reality. This chapter focuses on some novel secondary metabolites having antitumor, antivirus, enzyme inhibitor, and other bioactive properties identified and isolated from marine microorganisms including bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, and cyanobacteria, which could serve as potentials for drug discovery after their clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chamilani Nikapitiya
- Department of Fisheries, Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.
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Abstract
Once considered to be isolation artifacts or chemical "mistakes" of nature, the number of naturally occurring organohalogen compounds has grown from a dozen in 1954 to >5000 today. Of these, at least 25% are halogenated alkaloids. This is not surprising since nitrogen-containing pyrroles, indoles, carbolines, tryptamines, tyrosines, and tyramines are excellent platforms for biohalogenation, particularly in the marine environment where both chloride and bromide are plentiful for biooxidation and subsequent incorporation into these electron-rich substrates. This review presents the occurrence of all halogenated alkaloids, with the exception of marine bromotyrosines where coverage begins where it left off in volume 61 of The Alkaloids. Whereas the biological activity of these extraordinary compounds is briefly cited for some examples, a future volume of The Alkaloids will present full coverage of this topic and will also include selected syntheses of halogenated alkaloids. Natural organohalogens of all types, especially marine and terrestrial halogenated alkaloids, comprise a rapidly expanding class of natural products, in many cases expressing powerful biological activity. This enormous proliferation has several origins: (1) a revitalization of natural product research in a search for new drugs, (2) improved compound characterization methods (multidimensional NMR, high-resolution mass spectrometry), (3) specific enzyme-based and other biological assays, (4) sophisticated collection methods (SCUBA and remote submersibles for deep ocean marine collections), (5) new separation and purification techniques (HPLC and countercurrent separation), (6) a greater appreciation of traditional folk medicine and ethobotany, and (7) marine bacteria and fungi as novel sources of natural products. Halogenated alkaloids are truly omnipresent in the environment. Indeed, one compound, Q1 (234), is ubiquitous in the marine food web and is found in the Inuit from their diet of whale blubber. Given the fact that of the 500,000 estimated marine organisms--which are the source of most halogenated alkaloids--only a small percentage have been investigated for their chemical content, it is certain that myriad new halogenated alkaloids are awaiting discovery. For example, it is estimated that nearly 4000 species of bryozoans have not been examined for their chemical content. The few species that have been studied contain some extraordinary halogenated alkaloids, such as hinckdentine A (610) and the chartellines (611-613). Of the estimated 1.5 million species of fungi, secondary metabolites have been characterized from only 5000 species. The future seems bright for the collector of halogenated alkaloids!
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon W Gribble
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA.
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Abstract
Covering: 2010. Previous review: Nat. Prod. Rep., 2011, 28, 196. This review covers the literature published in 2010 for marine natural products, with 895 citations (590 for the period January to December 2010) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, mangroves and other intertidal plants and microorganisms. The emphasis is on new compounds (1003 for 2010), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that lead to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Blunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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