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Rajendran NM, Lu Q, Bouffard J. A Facile Preparation of N-Heterocyclic Olefins: Ring-Opening Polymerization of β-Butyrolactone and Frustrated Lewis Pair Reactivity. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303358. [PMID: 38109087 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
A direct synthesis of N-heterocyclic olefins (NHOs) and their mesoionic congeners (mNHOs) from N-heterocyclic carbenes and N-aziridinylimines is reported. The reaction provided diverse functionalized (m)NHOs and π-extended analogues. The prepared NHOs initiated the ring-opening polymerization of β-butyrolactone, and insertion of aldehyde and nitrile into an NHO-B(C6 F5 )3 adduct was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qi Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Jean Bouffard
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
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2
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Jamil S, Gondal HY, Ali A, Hussain A, Akram N, Nisar M, Tahir MN, Ashfaq M, Raza AR, Muhammad S, Cheema ZM, Mustafai A, Sameeh MY. Benzimidazolium quaternary ammonium salts: synthesis, single crystal and Hirshfeld surface exploration supported by theoretical analysis. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:231094. [PMID: 38356872 PMCID: PMC10864785 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Owing to the broad applications of quaternary ammonium salts (QAS), we present the synthesis of benzimidazolium-based analogues with variation in the alkyl and alkoxy group at N-1 and N-3 positions. All the compounds were characterized by spectroscopic techniques and found stable to air and moisture both in the solid and solution state. Moreover, molecular structures were established through single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The crystal packing of the compounds was stabilized by numerous intermolecular interactions explored by Hirshfeld surface analysis. The enrichment ratio was calculated for the pairs of chemical species to acquire the highest propensity to form contacts. Void analysis was carried out to check the mechanical response of the compounds. Furthermore, theoretical investigations were also performed to explore the optoelectronic properties of compounds. Natural population analysis (NPA) has been conducted to evaluate the distribution of charges on the synthesized compounds, whereas high band gaps of the synthesized compounds by frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis indicated their stability. Nonlinear optical (NLO) analysis revealed that the synthesized QAS demonstrates significantly improved NLO behaviour than the standard urea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Jamil
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | | | - Akbar Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000 Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Ajaz Hussain
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, 60800, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Akram
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000 Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nisar
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Ashfaq
- Department of Physics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100 Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rauf Raza
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Shabbir Muhammad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, PO Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zain M. Cheema
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Aleena Mustafai
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, 60800, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Manal Y. Sameeh
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Al-Leith University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24831, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Kumar J, Suresh E, Bhadra S. Catalytic Direct α-Amination of Arylacetic Acid Synthons with Anilines. J Org Chem 2020; 85:13363-13374. [PMID: 32998508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A unique α-amination approach using various anilines has been developed for arylacetic acids via adaptation as benzazoles. The reaction proceeds through a single electron transfer mechanism utilizing an iron-based catalyst system to access α-(N-arylamino)acetic acid equivalents. Modification of approved drugs, facile cleavage of the benzazole auxiliary, and tolerance of amide linkage forming conditions constitute the potential applicability of this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jogendra Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Eringathodi Suresh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sukalyan Bhadra
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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5
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Wang Z, Li C, Huang H, Deng GJ. Elemental Sulfur-Promoted Aerobic Dehydrogenative Aromatization of Cyclohexanones with Amines. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9415-9423. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Huawen Huang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Guo-Jun Deng
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
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6
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Li N, Guan BT. A Dialkyl Calcium Carbene Adduct: Synthesis, Structure, and Catalytic Cross-Dehydrocoupling of Silanes with Amines. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 P.R. China
| | - Bing-Tao Guan
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin 300071 P.R. China
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7
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Xiong M, Gao Z, Liang X, Cai P, Zhu H, Pan Y. Iodine-catalyzed synthesis of N,N′-diaryl-o-phenylenediamines from cyclohexanones and anilines using DMSO and O2 as oxidants. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:9679-9682. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05320k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An I2/DMSO system has been successfully applied to synthesize N,N′-diaryl-o-phenylenediamines from cyclohexanones for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingteng Xiong
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Zhan Gao
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Cai
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Heping Zhu
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Yuanjiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
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8
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Tang J, He Y, Yu J, Zhang D. N,N′-Bisaryl Substituted Chiral Linker-Bridged Bis(N-Heterocyclic Carbene) Palladium Complexes: Design, Synthesis, and Catalytic Properties. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junkai Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Yu He
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Dao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- School of Chemistry
and Chemical
Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
| | - Dachuan Qiu
- School of Chemistry
and Chemical
Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
| | - Jiarong Shi
- School of Chemistry
and Chemical
Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chemistry
and Chemical
Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
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10
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He W, Zhao W, Zhou B, Liu H, Li X, Li L, Li J, Shi J. Synthesis of C₂-Symmetric Benzimidazolium Salts and Their Application in Palladium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Intramolecular α-Arylation of Amides. Molecules 2016; 21:E742. [PMID: 27338322 PMCID: PMC6274209 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21060742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of C₂-symmetric chiral benzimidazolium salts, the precursor of N-heterocyclic carbene ligands, were designed and synthesized from 1,2-dibromobenzene. In situ prepared corresponding carbenes were tested in the asymmetric palladium-catalyzed intramolecular α-arylation of amides, affording chiral diarylmethanols with high yields and moderate enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping He
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, No. 48, Huzhou Road, Hangzhou 310015, China.
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, No. 48, Huzhou Road, Hangzhou 310015, China.
| | - Bihui Zhou
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, No. 48, Huzhou Road, Hangzhou 310015, China.
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Haifeng Liu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, No. 48, Huzhou Road, Hangzhou 310015, China.
| | - Xiangrong Li
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, No. 48, Huzhou Road, Hangzhou 310015, China.
| | - Linlin Li
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, No. 48, Huzhou Road, Hangzhou 310015, China.
| | - Jie Li
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, No. 48, Huzhou Road, Hangzhou 310015, China.
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Individualized Medication Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China.
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11
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Sun Z, Zhou J, Liu X. Facile Synthesis of Chiral Benzimidazolium Salts and the Application in Asymmetric Catalytic Borylation. HETEROCYCLES 2016. [DOI: 10.3987/com-16-13434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Borguet Y, Zaragoza G, Demonceau A, Delaude L. Ruthenium catalysts bearing a benzimidazolylidene ligand for the metathetical ring-closure of tetrasubstituted cycloolefins. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:9744-55. [PMID: 25734488 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00433k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Deprotonation of 1,3-di(2-tolyl)benzimidazolium tetrafluoroborate with a strong base afforded 1,3-di(2-tolyl)benzimidazol-2-ylidene (BTol), which dimerized progressively into the corresponding dibenzotetraazafulvalene. The complexes [RhCl(COD)(BTol)] (COD is 1,5-cyclooctadiene) and cis-[RhCl(CO)2(BTol)] were synthesized to probe the steric and electronic parameters of BTol. Comparison of the percentage of buried volume (%VBur) and of the Tolman electronic parameter (TEP) of BTol with those determined previously for 1,3-dimesitylbenzimidazol-2-ylidene (BMes) revealed that the two N-heterocyclic carbenes displayed similar electron donicities, yet the 2-tolyl substituents took a slightly greater share of the rhodium coordination sphere than the mesityl groups, due to a more pronounced tilt. The anti,anti conformation adopted by BTol in the molecular structure of [RhCl(COD)(BTol)] ensured nonetheless a remarkably unhindered access to the metal center, as evidenced by steric maps. Second-generation ruthenium-benzylidene and isopropoxybenzylidene complexes featuring the BTol ligand were obtained via phosphine exchange from the first generation Grubbs and Hoveyda-Grubbs catalysts, respectively. The atropisomerism of the 2-tolyl substituents within [RuCl2(=CHPh)(PCy3)(BTol)] was investigated by using variable temperature NMR spectroscopy, and the molecular structures of all four possible rotamers of [RuCl2(=CH-o-O(i)PrC6H4)(BTol)] were determined by X-ray crystallography. Both complexes were highly active at promoting the ring-closing metathesis (RCM) of model α,ω-dienes. The replacement of BMes with BTol was particularly beneficial to achieve the ring-closure of tetrasubstituted cycloalkenes. More specifically, the stable isopropoxybenzylidene chelate enabled an almost quantitative RCM of two challenging substrates, viz., diethyl 2,2-bis(2-methylallyl)malonate and N,N-bis(2-methylallyl)tosylamide, within a few hours at 60 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Borguet
- Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Homogeneous Catalysis, Institut de Chimie (B6a), Université de Liège, Sart-Tilman par 4000, Liège, Belgium.
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13
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French JM, Griffiths JR, Diver ST. Removal of Palladium from Cross-Coupling Reactions Using Isocyanide Reagents. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Shimizu T, Koya S, Yamasaki R, Mutoh Y, Azumaya I, Katagiri K, Saito S. Acid-Mediated Ring-Expansion Reaction of N-Aryl-2-vinylazetidines: Synthesis and Unanticipated Reactivity of Tetrahydrobenzazocines. J Org Chem 2014; 79:4367-77. [DOI: 10.1021/jo500249c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Shimizu
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Koya
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Ryu Yamasaki
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Mutoh
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Isao Azumaya
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1 Shido, Sanuki, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
| | - Kosuke Katagiri
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1 Shido, Sanuki, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
| | - Shinichi Saito
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
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15
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Beletskaya IP, Cheprakov AV. The Complementary Competitors: Palladium and Copper in C–N Cross-Coupling Reactions. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300683c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Chianese AR, Shaner SE, Tendler JA, Pudalov DM, Shopov DY, Kim D, Rogers SL, Mo A. Iridium Complexes of Bulky CCC-Pincer N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands: Steric Control of Coordination Number and Catalytic Alkene Isomerization. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300468d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R. Chianese
- Department of
Chemistry, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive,
Hamilton, New York 13346, United States
| | - Sarah E. Shaner
- Department of
Chemistry, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive,
Hamilton, New York 13346, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Tendler
- Department of
Chemistry, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive,
Hamilton, New York 13346, United States
| | - David M. Pudalov
- Department of
Chemistry, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive,
Hamilton, New York 13346, United States
| | - Dimitar Y. Shopov
- Department of
Chemistry, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive,
Hamilton, New York 13346, United States
| | - Daniel Kim
- Department of
Chemistry, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive,
Hamilton, New York 13346, United States
| | - Scott L. Rogers
- Department of
Chemistry, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive,
Hamilton, New York 13346, United States
| | - Allen Mo
- Department of
Chemistry, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive,
Hamilton, New York 13346, United States
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17
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Geiger DK, Geiger HC, Deck JM. 2-(Furan-2-yl)-1,3-bis(furan-2-ylmeth-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-3-ium chloride monohydrate. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2012; 68:o3006-7. [PMID: 23125778 PMCID: PMC3470365 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536812040135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The title hydrated salt, C21H17N2O3+·Cl−·H2O, exhibits disorder in one of the furan rings. The major and minor components have a refined occupancy ratio of 0.844 (19):0.156 (19). The structure displays intermolecular hydrogen bonding involving the water molecule and the chloride anion. Close intermolecular C—H⋯Cl and C—H⋯(furan ring) interactions complete the hydrogen bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K Geiger
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York-College at Geneseo, 1 College Circle, Geneseo, NY 14454, USA
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18
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Qu GR, Liang L, Niu HY, Rao WH, Guo HM, Fossey JS. Copper-catalyzed synthesis of purine-fused polycyclics. Org Lett 2012; 14:4494-7. [PMID: 22900616 DOI: 10.1021/ol301848v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel protocol for a Cu-catalyzed direct C((sp(2)))-H activation/intramolecular amination reaction of 6-anilinopurine nucleosides has been developed. This approach provides a new access to a variety of multiheterocyclic compounds from purine compounds via Cu-catalyzed intramolecular N-H bond tautomerism which are endowed with fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Rong Qu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
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19
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Borguet Y, Zaragoza G, Demonceau A, Delaude L. An Unexpected Synthesis of Dihydrophenazines en Route to Benzimidazolium Salts. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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20
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Katayev D, Nakanishi M, Bürgi T, Kündig EP. Asymmetric C(sp3)-H/C(Ar) coupling reactions. Highly enantio-enriched indolines via regiodivergent reaction of a racemic mixture. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc20111a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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21
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Klet RC, VanderVelde DG, Labinger JA, Bercaw JE. Highly regioirregular polypropylene from asymmetric group 4 anilide(pyridine)phenoxide complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:6657-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc32806b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Benhamou L, Chardon E, Lavigne G, Bellemin-Laponnaz S, César V. Synthetic routes to N-heterocyclic carbene precursors. Chem Rev 2011; 111:2705-33. [PMID: 21235210 DOI: 10.1021/cr100328e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 557] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laure Benhamou
- LCC (Laboratoire de chimie de coordination), CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
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23
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Williams KA, Bielawski CW. Cerberus-type N-heterocyclic carbenes: synthesis and study of the first tritopic carbenes with D3h-symmetry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:5166-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc01070g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Knappke CEI, Neudörfl JM, von Wangelin AJ. On new N-heterocyclic carbene derived alkylidene imidazolines. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:1695-705. [DOI: 10.1039/b921655c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Hirano K, Biju AT, Glorius F. Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of 2-Unsubstituted, N-Substituted Benzimidazoles. J Org Chem 2009; 74:9570-2. [DOI: 10.1021/jo902160y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Hirano
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Akkattu T. Biju
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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26
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Metallinos C, Du X. Neutral and Cationic Iridium(I) Complexes Bearing Chiral Phenanthroline-Derived Benzimidazolylidenes: Synthetic, Structural, and Catalytic Studies. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om801063w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Costa Metallinos
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Xiangdong Du
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
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27
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Tukov AA, Normand AT, Nechaev MS. N-heterocyclic carbenes bearing two, one and no nitrogen atoms at the ylidene carbon: insight from theoretical calculations. Dalton Trans 2009:7015-28. [DOI: 10.1039/b906969k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Wei S, Liu B, Zhao D, Wang Z, Wu J, Lan J, You J. Pyrido[1,2-c][1,2,4]triazol-3-ylidene: reactivity and its application in organocatalysis and organometallic catalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:4241-7. [DOI: 10.1039/b910073c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Arduengo, III AJ, Iconaru LI. Fused polycyclic nucleophilic carbenes – synthesis, structure, and function. Dalton Trans 2009:6903-14. [DOI: 10.1039/b907211j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Matsuoka Y, Ishida Y, Sasaki D, Saigo K. Cyclophane-Type Imidazolium Salts with Planar Chirality as a New Class of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Precursors. Chemistry 2008; 14:9215-22. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Ma Y, Wei S, Lan J, Wang J, Xie R, You J. Pyrido[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazol-3-ylidenes as a New Family of Stable AnnulatedN-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Their Application in Coordination Chemistry and Organocatalysis. J Org Chem 2008; 73:8256-64. [PMID: 18844416 DOI: 10.1021/jo801349d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Siping Wei
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Jingbo Lan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Jingzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Rugang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Jingsong You
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, Peopleʼs Republic of China
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Liu QX, Zhao XJ, Wu XM, Yin LN, Guo JH, Wang XG, Feng JC. Two new N-heterocyclic carbene silver(I) complexes with the π–π stacking interactions. Inorganica Chim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2007.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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33
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Liu QX, Yin LN, Wu XM, Feng JC, Guo JH, Song HB. New N-heterocyclic carbene mercury(II) and silver(I) complexes. Polyhedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2007.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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34
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New mercury(II) and silver(I) complexes containing NHC metallacrown ethers with the π–π stacking interactions. J Organomet Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2007.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Liu QX, Yin LN, Feng JC. New N-heterocyclic carbene silver(I) and mercury(II) 2-D supramolecular layers by the π–π stacking interactions. J Organomet Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2007.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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36
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Baqi Y, Müller CE. Catalyst-Free Microwave-Assisted Amination of 2-Chloro-5-nitrobenzoic Acid. J Org Chem 2007; 72:5908-11. [PMID: 17585825 DOI: 10.1021/jo070731i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of N-substituted 5-nitroanthranilic acid derivatives 3a-w was achieved by a new, mild, microwave-assisted, regioselective amination reaction of 5-nitro-2-chlorobenzoic acid (1a) with a diverse range of aliphatic and aromatic amines 2a-w without added solvent or catalyst. Up to >99% isolated yield was obtained within 5-30 min at 80-120 degrees C. The reaction, which is suitable for upscaling, yielded new compounds that are of considerable interest as useful building blocks and as potential drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younis Baqi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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37
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Bon RS, de Kanter FJJ, Lutz M, Spek AL, Jahnke MC, Hahn FE, Groen MB, Orru RVA. Multicomponent Synthesis of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes. Organometallics 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/om070168u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin S. Bon
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frans J. J. de Kanter
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Lutz
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anthony L. Spek
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mareike C. Jahnke
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F. Ekkehardt Hahn
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marinus B. Groen
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Romano V. A. Orru
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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38
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Jazzar R, Bourg JB, Dewhurst RD, Donnadieu B, Bertrand G. Intramolecular "hydroiminiumation and -amidiniumation" of alkenes: a convenient, flexible, and scalable route to cyclic iminium and imidazolinium salts. J Org Chem 2007; 72:3492-9. [PMID: 17408289 PMCID: PMC2440693 DOI: 10.1021/jo0703909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Addition of a stoichiometric amount of HCl to alkenylaldimines, -formamidines, and -amidines results in the protonation of the sp2-nitrogen atom. The resulting alkenylaldiminium, -formamidinium, and -amidinium salts can be isolated and fully characterized, including single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Heating solutions of these salts induces ring closure cleanly and regioselectively via formal "exo" addition of the nitrogen-hydrogen bond to the pendent carbon-carbon double bond, affording the corresponding cyclic aldiminium, dihydroisoquinolinium, and imidazolinium salts. Of special interest, novel 4,4-disubstituted imidazolinium salts are accessible via this synthetic route. Similarly, addition of phosgene to alkenyl ureas and alkenyl amides, followed by gentle heating, cleanly affords C-chloro imidazolinium, and cyclic C-chloro iminium salts, respectively. Treatment of the latter with tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium allows for the preparation of the first transition-metal complex bearing a cyclic arylaminocarbene as ligand. Deuterium labeling experiments suggest that the mechanism of the hydroiminiumation and -amidiniumation reactions involves an intramolecular proton transfer to the double bond in the rate-determining step. This novel synthetic methodology gives access to a variety of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) and cyclic alkyl- and arylaminocarbene (CAAC) precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolphe Jazzar
- UCR-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 2957), Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, USA
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39
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Activity and behavior of imidazolium salts as a phase transfer catalyst for a liquid–liquid phase system. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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40
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Metallinos C, Barrett FB, Wang Y, Xu S, Taylor NJ. Reduction of substituted 1,10-phenanthrolines as a route to rigid chiral benzimidazolylidenes. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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41
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Khramov DM, Boydston AJ, Bielawski CW. Synthesis and Study of Janus Bis(carbene)s and Their Transition-Metal Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200601583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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42
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Khramov DM, Boydston AJ, Bielawski CW. Synthesis and Study of Janus Bis(carbene)s and Their Transition-Metal Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:6186-9. [PMID: 16906612 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200601583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri M Khramov
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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43
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Carrión MC, García-Vaquero E, Jalón FA, Manzano BR, Weissensteiner W, Mereiter K. Formation of Fischer-Type Aminocarbenes by a Double C−H Bond Activation of a Methylamino Group. Organometallics 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/om060314g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Carmen Carrión
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica−IRICA, Universidad de Castilla−La Mancha, Avenida C. J. Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Wien, Währinger Strasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, and Department of Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164SC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ernesto García-Vaquero
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica−IRICA, Universidad de Castilla−La Mancha, Avenida C. J. Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Wien, Währinger Strasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, and Department of Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164SC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Félix A. Jalón
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica−IRICA, Universidad de Castilla−La Mancha, Avenida C. J. Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Wien, Währinger Strasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, and Department of Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164SC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Blanca R. Manzano
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica−IRICA, Universidad de Castilla−La Mancha, Avenida C. J. Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Wien, Währinger Strasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, and Department of Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164SC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Weissensteiner
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica−IRICA, Universidad de Castilla−La Mancha, Avenida C. J. Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Wien, Währinger Strasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, and Department of Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164SC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kurt Mereiter
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica−IRICA, Universidad de Castilla−La Mancha, Avenida C. J. Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Wien, Währinger Strasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, and Department of Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164SC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
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44
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Khramov DM, Boydston AJ, Bielawski CW. Highly Efficient Synthesis and Solid-State Characterization of 1,2,4,5-Tetrakis(alkyl- and arylamino)benzenes and Cyclization to Their Respective Benzobis(imidazolium) Salts. Org Lett 2006; 8:1831-4. [PMID: 16623562 DOI: 10.1021/ol060349c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] New synthetic methodology to a variety of 1,2,4,5-tetraaminobenzenes and their corresponding benzobis(imidazolium) salts has been accomplished. Palladium-catalyzed coupling of various 1,2,4,5-tetrabromo- or 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzenes with aryl- or tert-alkylamines afforded the respective tetrakis(N-substituted)aminobenzenes in excellent yields. This enabled comparative solid-state structural analyses of this elusive class of electron-rich arenes with their oxidized derivatives. The tetraamines were found to undergo formylative cyclization to the corresponding benzobis(imidazolium) salts in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri M Khramov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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45
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Saravanakumar S, Oprea AI, Kindermann MK, Jones PG, Heinicke J. Anellated N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: 1,3-Dineopentylnaphtho[2,3-d]imidazol-2-ylidene: Synthesis, KOH Addition Product, Transition-Metal Complexes, and Anellation Effects. Chemistry 2006; 12:3143-54. [PMID: 16440388 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200501183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Two novel anellated N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC), 1,3-dineopentylnaphtho[2,3-d]imidazol-2-ylidene, and 1,3-dineopentyl-2-ylido-imidazolo[4,5-b]pyridine were obtained by reduction of the respective thiones with potassium, the former also by deprotonation of the corresponding naphthimidazolium hexafluorophosphate by using excess KH in THF. The use of equimolar amounts of KH provided an unexpected formal addition product of this NHC with KOH. X-ray crystal structure analysis of the adduct provided evidence for a distorted tetrameric N-heterocyclic alkoxide, stabilized by two THF molecules. In C(6)D(6) the compound undergoes disproportionation. Transition-metal complexes [(NHC)AgCl], [(NHC)Rh(cod)Cl], and (E)-[(NHC)(2)PdCl(2)] of the novel naphthimidazol-2-ylidene were synthesized. X-ray crystal structures and (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopic data provided detailed structural information. Comparing characteristic data with those of nonanellated and differently anellated NHCs or their complexes provides information on the influence of the extended anellation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmuganathan Saravanakumar
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Soldmannstrasse 16, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
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46
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Fürstner A, Alcarazo M, César V, Lehmann CW. Convenient, scalable and flexible method for the preparation of imidazolium salts with previously inaccessible substitution patterns. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:2176-8. [PMID: 16703146 DOI: 10.1039/b604236h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A high yielding and modular approach to N,N'-disubstituted imidazolium salts is described, providing access to substitution patterns that are beyond the reach of established methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, D-45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany.
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47
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Saravanakumar S, Kindermann MK, Heinicke J, Köckerling M. Influence of anellation in N-heterocyclic carbenes: Novel quinoxaline-anellated NHCs trapped as transition metal complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:640-2. [PMID: 16446836 DOI: 10.1039/b512884f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, NMR-, and crystal structure data of novel electron-deficient quinoxaline anellated imidazol-2-ylidene precursors and complexes thereof are reported and compared with related less electron-withdrawing or non-anellated N-heterocyclic carbenes and complexes to illustrate anellation effects.
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48
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Boydston AJ, Bielawski CW. Bis(imidazolylidene)s as modular building blocks for monomeric and macromolecular organometallic materials. Dalton Trans 2006:4073-7. [PMID: 16924285 DOI: 10.1039/b607696n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthetic and structural progression surrounding N-heterocyclic carbenes has given rise to great functional and architectural diversity in organometallic chemistry, catalysis, and materials science. The development of new, modular scaffolds for bridging transition metals is essential in order to expand the boundaries of these scientific areas. This Frontier article summarizes recent advances in the synthesis and study of ditopic ligands displaying two linearly opposed carbene moieties and emphasizes their versatility in the preparation of new organometallic and macromolecular materials. The conclusion previews their utility in conjugated organic/inorganic hybrid materials with potential applications in the emerging fields of molecular- and nanoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Boydston
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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49
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Page PCB, Buckley BR, Christie SD, Edgar M, Poulton AM, Elsegood MR, McKee V. A new paradigm in N-heterocyclic carbenoid ligands. J Organomet Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2005.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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50
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Winn CL, Guillen F, Pytkowicz J, Roland S, Mangeney P, Alexakis A. Enantioselective copper catalysed 1,4-conjugate addition reactions using chiral N-heterocyclic carbenes. J Organomet Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2005.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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