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Abstract
An on-resin, three-component Passerini reaction was developed to synthesize C-terminal photocaged peptides. Highly compatible with conventional Fmoc SPPS, this reaction produces peptides with a C-terminal o-amido-6-nitroveratryl (αANV) ester in one pot with conserved chirality. Under physiological conditions, the C-terminal αANV ester rapidly photolyzed to revert to carboxylate, offering a convenient method for optical control of cellular signals by modulating the C-terminal carboxylate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Ho So
- Department of Chemistry , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Jiang Xia
- Department of Chemistry , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong SAR , China
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Mangubat-Medina AE, Martin SC, Hanaya K, Ball ZT. A Vinylogous Photocleavage Strategy Allows Direct Photocaging of Backbone Amide Structure. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:8401-8404. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b04893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel C. Martin
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Kengo Hanaya
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Zachary T. Ball
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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Škalamera Đ, Blažek Bregović V, Antol I, Bohne C, Basarić N. Hydroxymethylaniline Photocages for Carboxylic Acids and Alcohols. J Org Chem 2017; 82:12554-12568. [PMID: 29119784 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
ortho-, meta- and para-Hydroxymethylaniline methyl ethers 3-5-OMe and acetyl derivatives 3-5-OAc were investigated as potential photocages for alcohols and carboxylic acids, respectively. The measurements of photohydrolysis efficiency showed that the decaging from ortho- and meta-derivatives takes place efficiently in aqueous solution, but not for the para-derivatives. Contrary to previous reports, we show that the meta-derivatives are better photocages for alcohols, whereas ortho-derivatives are better protective groups for carboxylic acids. The observed differences were fully disclosed by mechanistic studies involving fluorescence measurements and laser flash photolysis (LFP). Photoheterolysis for the para-derivatives does not take place, whereas both meta- and ortho-derivatives undergo heterolysis and afford the corresponding carbocations 3-C and 4-C. The ortho-carbocation 4-o-C was detected by LFP in aqueous solution (λmax = 410 nm, τ ≈ 90 μs). Moreover, spectroscopic measurements for the meta-acetyl derivative 3-m-OAC indicated the formation of cation in the excited state. The application of an ortho-aniline derivative as a protective group was demonstrated by synthesizing several derivatives of carboxylic acids. In all cases, the photochemical deprotection was accomplished in high yields (>80%). This mechanistic study fully rationalized the photochemistry of aniline photocages which is important for the design of new photocages and has potential for synthetic, biological, and medicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Đani Škalamera
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute , Bijenička cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vesna Blažek Bregović
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute , Bijenička cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Antol
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute , Bijenička cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Cornelia Bohne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria , Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Nikola Basarić
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute , Bijenička cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Gandioso A, Cano M, Massaguer A, Marchán V. A Green Light-Triggerable RGD Peptide for Photocontrolled Targeted Drug Delivery: Synthesis and Photolysis Studies. J Org Chem 2016; 81:11556-11564. [PMID: 27934458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We describe for the first time the synthesis and photochemical properties of a coumarin-caged cyclic RGD peptide and demonstrate that uncaging can be efficiently performed with biologically compatible green light. This was accomplished by using a new dicyanocoumarin derivative (DEAdcCE) for the protection of the carboxyl function at the side chain of the aspartic acid residue, which was selected on the basis of Fmoc-tBu SPPS compatibility and photolysis efficiency. The shielding effect of a methyl group incorporated in the coumarin derivative near the ester bond linking both moieties in combination with the use of acidic additives such as HOBt or Oxyma during the basic Fmoc-removal treatment were found to be very effective for minimizing aspartimide-related side reactions. In addition, a conjugate between the dicyanocoumarin-caged cyclic RGD peptide and ruthenocene, which was selected as a metallodrug model cargo, has been synthesized and characterized. The fact that green-light triggered photoactivation can be efficiently performed both with the caged peptide and with its ruthenocenoyl bioconjugate reveals great potential for DEAdcCE-caged peptide sequences as selective drug carriers in the context of photocontrolled targeted anticancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Gandioso
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Orgànica, IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona , E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Cano
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Orgànica, IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona , E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Massaguer
- Departament de Biologia, Universitat de Girona , E-17071 Girona, Spain
| | - Vicente Marchán
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Orgànica, IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona , E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Mosquera J, Sánchez MI, Mascareñas JL, Eugenio Vázquez M. Synthetic peptides caged on histidine residues with a bisbipyridyl ruthenium(II) complex that can be photolyzed by visible light. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:5501-4. [PMID: 25582525 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08049a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We report a light-sensitive histidine building block for Fmoc/tBu solid-phase peptide synthesis in which the imidazole side chain is coordinated to a ruthenium complex. We have applied this building block for the synthesis of caged-histidine peptides that can be readily deprotected by irradiation with visible light, and demonstrated the application of this approach for the photocontrol of the activity of Ni(II)-dependent peptide nucleases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Mosquera
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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2-Nitrobenzyl Esters of Penam and Cephem Derivatives as Inhibitors of Penicillin-Binding Proteins. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201300108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Martić S, Kraatz HB. Chemical biology toolkit for exploring protein kinase catalyzed phosphorylation reactions. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc20846f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Goubko CA, Basak A, Majumdar S, Jarrell H, Huan Khieu N, Cao X. Comparative analysis of photocaged RGDS peptides for cell patterning. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 101:787-96. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Targeting collagen strands by photo-triggered triple-helix hybridization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:14767-72. [PMID: 22927373 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1209721109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen remodeling is an integral part of tissue development, maintenance, and regeneration, but excessive remodeling is associated with various pathologic conditions. The ability to target collagens undergoing remodeling could lead to new diagnostics and therapeutics as well as applications in regenerative medicine; however, such collagens are often degraded and denatured, making them difficult to target with conventional approaches. Here, we present caged collagen mimetic peptides (CMPs) that can be photo-triggered to fold into triple helix and bind to collagens denatured by heat or by matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) digestion. Peptide-binding assays indicate that the binding is primarily driven by stereo-selective triple-helical hybridization between monomeric CMPs of high triple-helical propensity and denatured collagen strands. Photo-triggered hybridization allows specific staining of collagen chains in protein gels as well as photo-patterning of collagen and gelatin substrates. In vivo experiments demonstrate that systemically delivered CMPs can bind to collagens in bones, as well as prominently in articular cartilages and tumors characterized by high MMP activity. We further show that CMP-based probes can detect abnormal bone growth activity in a mouse model of Marfan syndrome. This is an entirely new way to target the microenvironment of abnormal tissues and could lead to new opportunities for management of numerous pathologic conditions associated with collagen remodeling and high MMP activity.
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Umezawa N, Noro Y, Ukai K, Kato N, Higuchi T. Photocontrol of Peptide Function: Backbone Cyclization Strategy with Photocleavable Amino Acid. Chembiochem 2011; 12:1694-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201100212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Miller EW, Taulet N, Onak CS, New EJ, Lanselle JK, Smelick GS, Chang CJ. Light-activated regulation of cofilin dynamics using a photocaged hydrogen peroxide generator. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:17071-3. [PMID: 21077675 DOI: 10.1021/ja107783j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) can exert diverse signaling and stress responses within living systems depending on its spatial and temporal dynamics. Here we report a new small-molecule probe for producing H2O2 on demand upon photoactivation and its application for optical regulation of cofilin-actin rod formation in living cells. This chemical method offers many potential opportunities for dissecting biological roles for H2O2 as well as remote control of cell behavior via H2O2-mediated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan W Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Wakata A, Lee HM, Rommel P, Toutchkine A, Schmidt M, Lawrence DS. Simultaneous fluorescent monitoring of proteasomal subunit catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:1578-82. [PMID: 20078037 DOI: 10.1021/ja907226n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The proteasome, a multicatalytic protease, displays distinct chymotrypsin-like, caspase-like, and trypsin-like activities at three different subunits of the multimeric complex. Fluorescent substrates for each of these active sites have been described. However, since the fluorescent properties of these substrates are very similar, it is not possible to simultaneously monitor catalysis of two or more activities. We have developed a long wavelength (lambda(ex) = 600 nm, lambda(em) = 700 nm) fluorescent substrate for the chymotrypsin-like active site via a combinatorial library strategy. This peptide-based substrate is a highly selective proteasomal chymotrypsin-like sensor, as assessed by a series of proteasomal active site mutants in yeast cell lysates. A corresponding caged analog of the sensor has been prepared, which is resistant to proteolysis until activated by 349 nm light. The latter affords the opportunity to assess proteasomal activity with a high degree of temporal control. The distinct photophysical properties of the sensor allow the chymotrypsin-like activity to be simultaneously monitored during caspase-like or trypsin-like catalysis. We have found that chymotrypsin-like activity is enhanced in the presence of the trypsin-like substrate but reduced in the presence of caspase-like substrate. Furthermore, the chymotrypsin-like sensor hinders the activity of both the caspase- and trypsin-like active sites. Coincident monitoring of two catalytic active sites furnishes two-thirds coverage of total proteasomal activity, which should provide the means to address if and how the distinct active sites of the proteasome influence one another during catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Wakata
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
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14
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Priestman MA, Lawrence DS. Light-mediated remote control of signaling pathways. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2009; 1804:547-58. [PMID: 19765679 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2009.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cell signaling networks display an extraordinary range of temporal and spatial plasticity. Our programmatic approach focuses on the construction of intracellular probes, including sensors, inhibitors, and functionally unique proteins that can be temporally and spatially controlled by the investigator even after they have entered the cell. We have designed and evaluated protein kinase sensors that furnish a fluorescent readout upon phosphorylation. In addition, since the sensors are inert (i.e., cannot be phosphorylated) until activated by light, they can be carried through the various stages of any given cell-based behavior without being consumed. Using this strategy, we have shown that PKCbeta is essential for nuclear envelope breakdown and thus the transition from prophase to metaphase in actively dividing cells. Photoactivatable proteins furnish the means to initiate cellular signaling pathways with a high degree of spatial and temporal control. We have used this approach to demonstrate that cofilin serves as a component of the steering apparatus of the cell. Finally, inhibitors are commonly used to assess the participation of specific enzymes in signaling pathways that control cellular behavior. We have constructed a photo-deactivatable inhibitor, an inhibitory species that can be switched off with light. In the absence of light, the target enzyme is inactive due to the presence of the potent inhibitory molecule. Upon photolysis, the inhibitory molecule is destroyed and enzymatic activity is released.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A Priestman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kenan Laboratories, Campus Box 3290, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA
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Lee HM, Larson DR, Lawrence DS. Illuminating the chemistry of life: design, synthesis, and applications of "caged" and related photoresponsive compounds. ACS Chem Biol 2009; 4:409-27. [PMID: 19298086 DOI: 10.1021/cb900036s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Biological systems are characterized by a level of spatial and temporal organization that often lies beyond the grasp of present day methods. Light-modulated bioreagents, including analogs of low molecular weight compounds, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acids, represent a compelling strategy to probe, perturb, or sample biological phenomena with the requisite control to address many of these organizational complexities. Although this technology has created considerable excitement in the chemical community, its application to biological questions has been relatively limited. We describe the challenges associated with the design, synthesis, and use of light-responsive bioreagents; the scope and limitations associated with the instrumentation required for their application; and recent chemical and biological advances in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Ming Lee
- Departments of Chemistry, Medicinal Chemistry & Natural Products, and Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - Daniel R. Larson
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, The Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - David S. Lawrence
- Departments of Chemistry, Medicinal Chemistry & Natural Products, and Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
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Yi H, Maisonneuve S, Xie J. Synthesis, glycosylation and photolysis of photolabile 2-(2-nitrophenyl)propyloxycarbonyl (NPPOC) protected glycopyranosides. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:3847-54. [DOI: 10.1039/b908404e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Lin W, Yuan L, Tan W, Feng J, Long L. Construction of Fluorescent Probes Via Protection/Deprotection of Functional Groups: A Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for Cu2+. Chemistry 2008; 15:1030-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Synthesis of novel photolabile glycosides from methyl 4,6-O-(o-nitro)benzylidene-α-d-glycopyranosides. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Lin W, Peng D, Wang B, Long L, Guo C, Yuan J. A Model for Light-Triggered Porphyrin Anticancer Prodrugs Based on ano-Nitrobenzyl Photolabile Group. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Rhee H, Lee JS, Lee J, Joo C, Han H, Cho M. Photolytic control and infrared probing of amide I mode in the dipeptide backbone-caged with the 4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrobenzyl group. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:2128-35. [PMID: 18211054 DOI: 10.1021/jp074776z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alanine dipeptide analog 1 backbone-caged with a photolabile linker, 4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrobenzyl (DmNb), was synthesized. UV-pulse-induced photochemical reaction of 1 was monitored by Fourier transform IR absorption spectroscopy under a steady-state condition or in a fast-scan mode. Upon photolysis of 1, the amide I band is changed from a doublet to a singlet with concomitant line shape changes of several IR bands. The change of the amide I band is directly associated with the photocleavage of the covalent N-C bond connecting the backbone amide of 2 to DmNb. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is useful for directly probing the photocleavage of backbone-caged peptide 1 and the concurrent release of native peptide 2. In contrast, UV-vis spectroscopy probing the irradiation-induced structural change of the 2-nitrobenzyl moiety itself may not provide a clue directly relevant to the photocleavage of such N-C bond. Time-resolved IR spectra recorded in a fast-scan mode after pulsed UV irradiation of 1 reveal that such photocleavage occurs at least faster than a few seconds of our instrumental time resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanju Rhee
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Multidimensional Spectroscopy, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
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