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Moreno CJ, Hernández K, Gittings S, Bolte M, Joglar J, Bujons J, Parella T, Clapés P. Biocatalytic Synthesis of Homochiral 2-Hydroxy-4-butyrolactone Derivatives by Tandem Aldol Addition and Carbonyl Reduction. ACS Catal 2023; 13:5348-5357. [PMID: 37123603 PMCID: PMC10127515 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Chiral 2-hydroxy acids and 2-hydroxy-4-butyrolactone derivatives are structural motifs often found in fine and commodity chemicals. Here, we report a tandem biocatalytic stereodivergent route for the preparation of these compounds using three stereoselective aldolases and two stereocomplementary ketoreductases using simple and achiral starting materials. The strategy comprises (i) aldol addition reaction of 2-oxoacids to aldehydes using two aldolases from E. coli, 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate hydroxymethyltransferase (KPHMT Ecoli ), 2-keto-3-deoxy-l-rhamnonate aldolase (YfaU Ecoli ), and trans-o-hydroxybenzylidene pyruvate hydratase-aldolase from Pseudomonas putida (HBPA Pputida ) and (ii) subsequent 2-oxogroup reduction of the aldol adduct by ketopantoate reductase from E. coli (KPR Ecoli ) and a Δ1-piperidine-2-carboxylate/Δ1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate reductase from Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DSM 50315 (DpkA Psyrin ) with uncovered promiscuous ketoreductase activity. A total of 29 structurally diverse compounds were prepared: both enantiomers of 2-hydroxy-4-butyrolactone (>99% ee), 21 2-hydroxy-3-substituted-4-butyrolactones with the (2R,3S), (2S,3S), (2R,3R), or (2S,3R) configuration (from 60:40 to 98:2 dr), and 6 2-hydroxy-4-substituted-4-butyrolactones with the (2S,4R) configuration (from 87:13 to 98:2 dr). Conversions of aldol adducts varied from 32 to 98%, while quantitative conversions were achieved by both ketoreductases, with global isolated yields between 20 and 45% for most of the examples. One-pot one-step cascade reactions were successfully conducted achieving isolated yields from 30 to 57%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J. Moreno
- Dept. of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, IQAC-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Karel Hernández
- Dept. of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, IQAC-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Samantha Gittings
- Prozomix Ltd., West End Industrial Estate, Haltwhistle, Northumberland NE49 9HA, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, J.-W.-Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt/Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, D-60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Jesús Joglar
- Dept. of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, IQAC-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Bujons
- Dept. of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, IQAC-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teodor Parella
- Servei de Ressonància Magnètica Nuclear. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Pere Clapés
- Dept. of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, IQAC-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
A concise and effective ruthenium-catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of β-substituted α-oxobutyrolactones has been developed, delivering a series of cis-β-substituted α-hydroxybutyrolactone derivatives with excellent yields, enantioselectivities, and diastereoselectivities. Two consecutive stereogenic centers were constructed in one step through dynamic kinetic resolution under basic conditions. The reaction could be conducted on a gram scale without loss of activity and enantioselectivity. The reductive products could be easily transformed into useful building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Qi Hu
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | - Yong-Gui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
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Pollack SR, Dion A. Metal-Free Stereoselective Synthesis of ( E)- and ( Z)-N-Monosubstituted β-Aminoacrylates via Condensation Reactions of Carbamates. J Org Chem 2021; 86:11748-11762. [PMID: 34479408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
N-monosubstituted β-aminoacrylates are building blocks, which have been used in the preparation of amino acids and pharmaceuticals. Two efficient, stereoselective methods of preparation, via acid- or base-promoted condensation reactions of carbamates, are described. The base-promoted reaction is E-selective, while acid catalysis can, through the choice of solvent, selectively form E or Z. The acid-catalyzed E-selective process proceeds through a crystallization obviating the need for chromatographic purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott R Pollack
- Department of Process Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Amélie Dion
- Department of Process Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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Huang HY, Lin XY, Yen SY, Liang CF. Facile access to N-formyl imide as an N-formylating agent for the direct synthesis of N-formamides, benzimidazoles and quinazolinones. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:5726-5733. [PMID: 32666985 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01080d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
N-Formamide synthesis using N-formyl imide with primary and secondary amines with catalytic amounts of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (TsOH·H2O) is described. This reaction is performed in water without the use of surfactants. Moreover, N-formyl imide is efficiently synthesized using acylamidines with TsOH·H2O in water. In addition, N-formyl imide was successfully used as a carbonyl source in the synthesis of benzimidazole and quinazolinone derivatives. Notable features of N-formylation of amines by using N-formyl imide include operational simplicity, oxidant- and metal-free conditions, structurally diverse products, and easy applicability to gram-scale operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yi Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
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Domingo R, van der Westhuyzen R, Hamann AR, Mostert KJ, Barnard L, Paquet T, Tjhin ET, Saliba KJ, van Otterlo WAL, Strauss E. Overcoming synthetic challenges in targeting coenzyme A biosynthesis with the antimicrobial natural product CJ-15,801. Medchemcomm 2019; 10:2118-2125. [PMID: 32206243 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00312f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of the essential metabolic cofactor coenzyme A (CoA) has been receiving increasing attention as a new target that shows potential to counter the rising resistance to established antimicrobials. In particular, phosphopantothenoylcysteine synthetase (PPCS)-the second CoA biosynthesis enzyme that is found as part of the bifunctional CoaBC protein in bacteria, but is monofunctional in eukaryotes-has been validated as a target through extensive genetic knockdown studies in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Moreover, it has been identified as the molecular target of the fungal natural product CJ-15,801 that shows selective activity against Staphylococcus aureus and the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. As such, CJ-15,801 and 4'-phospho-CJ-15,801 (its metabolically active form) are excellent tool compounds for use in the development of new antimicrobial PPCS inhibitors. Unfortunately, further study and analysis of CJ-15,801 is currently being hampered by several unique challenges posed by its synthesis. In this study we describe how these challenges were overcome by using a robust palladium-catalyzed coupling to form the key N-acyl vinylogous carbamate moiety with retention of stereochemistry, and by extensive investigation of protecting groups suited to the labile functional group combinations contained in this molecule. We also demonstrate that using TBAF for deprotection causes undesired off-target effects related to the presence of residual tertiary ammonium salts. Finally, we provide a new method for the chemoenzymatic preparation of 4'-phospho-CJ-15,801 on multi-milligram scale, after showing that chemical synthesis of the molecule is not practical. Taken together, the results of this study advances our pursuit to discover new antimicrobials that specifically target CoA biosynthesis and/or utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyad Domingo
- Department of Biochemistry , Stellenbosch University , Private Bag X1 , Matieland 7602 , South Africa .
| | - Renier van der Westhuyzen
- Department of Biochemistry , Stellenbosch University , Private Bag X1 , Matieland 7602 , South Africa .
| | - Anton R Hamann
- Department of Biochemistry , Stellenbosch University , Private Bag X1 , Matieland 7602 , South Africa .
| | - Konrad J Mostert
- Department of Biochemistry , Stellenbosch University , Private Bag X1 , Matieland 7602 , South Africa .
| | - Leanne Barnard
- Department of Biochemistry , Stellenbosch University , Private Bag X1 , Matieland 7602 , South Africa .
| | - Tanya Paquet
- Department of Biochemistry , Stellenbosch University , Private Bag X1 , Matieland 7602 , South Africa .
| | - Erick T Tjhin
- Research School of Biology , The Australian National University , Canberra , ACT , Australia
| | - Kevin J Saliba
- Research School of Biology , The Australian National University , Canberra , ACT , Australia.,Medical School , The Australian National University , Canberra , ACT , Australia
| | - Willem A L van Otterlo
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science , Stellenbosch University , Private Bag X1 , Matieland 7602 , South Africa
| | - Erick Strauss
- Department of Biochemistry , Stellenbosch University , Private Bag X1 , Matieland 7602 , South Africa .
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jon D. Stewart
- Department of Chemistry, 126 Sisler Hall, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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Tjhin ET, Spry C, Sewell AL, Hoegl A, Barnard L, Sexton AE, Siddiqui G, Howieson VM, Maier AG, Creek DJ, Strauss E, Marquez R, Auclair K, Saliba KJ. Mutations in the pantothenate kinase of Plasmodium falciparum confer diverse sensitivity profiles to antiplasmodial pantothenate analogues. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1006918. [PMID: 29614109 PMCID: PMC5882169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The malaria-causing blood stage of Plasmodium falciparum requires extracellular pantothenate for proliferation. The parasite converts pantothenate into coenzyme A (CoA) via five enzymes, the first being a pantothenate kinase (PfPanK). Multiple antiplasmodial pantothenate analogues, including pantothenol and CJ-15,801, kill the parasite by targeting CoA biosynthesis/utilisation. Their mechanism of action, however, remains unknown. Here, we show that parasites pressured with pantothenol or CJ-15,801 become resistant to these analogues. Whole-genome sequencing revealed mutations in one of two putative PanK genes (Pfpank1) in each resistant line. These mutations significantly alter PfPanK activity, with two conferring a fitness cost, consistent with Pfpank1 coding for a functional PanK that is essential for normal growth. The mutants exhibit a different sensitivity profile to recently-described, potent, antiplasmodial pantothenate analogues, with one line being hypersensitive. We provide evidence consistent with different pantothenate analogue classes having different mechanisms of action: some inhibit CoA biosynthesis while others inhibit CoA-utilising enzymes. The coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthetic pathway is under investigation as a target for the development of drugs aimed at several infectious agents, including malaria parasites. To synthesise CoA, the parasite scavenges the essential precursor pantothenate (vitamin B5). Several pantothenate analogues possess potent (nM) activity against the parasite, but their exact mechanism of action is unknown. We have generated mutant parasites that are resistant or hypersensitive to various pantothenate analogues. These parasites harbour mutations in a gene we now show codes for the first enzyme in the CoA biosynthesis pathway. This enzyme is not the target of the analogues, but instead converts them into antimetabolites that, depending on the analogue, either inhibit a CoA biosynthesis enzyme or downstream CoA-utilising enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick T. Tjhin
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Christina Spry
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Alan L. Sewell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Annabelle Hoegl
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Leanne Barnard
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Anna E. Sexton
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ghizal Siddiqui
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vanessa M. Howieson
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Alexander G. Maier
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Darren J. Creek
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Erick Strauss
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Rodolfo Marquez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Karine Auclair
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kevin J. Saliba
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- Medical School, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Spry C, Sewell AL, Hering Y, Villa MV, Weber J, Hobson SJ, Harnor SJ, Gul S, Marquez R, Saliba KJ. Structure-activity analysis of CJ-15,801 analogues that interact with Plasmodium falciparum pantothenate kinase and inhibit parasite proliferation. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 143:1139-1147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Corinti D, Mannina L, Chiavarino B, Steinmetz V, Fornarini S, Crestoni ME. IRMPD signature of protonated pantothenic acid, an ubiquitous nutrient. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sambaiah M, Gudipati R, Shiva Kumar K, Yennam S, Behera M. An efficient method for the preparation of N-formyl-imide via amidine using propylphosphonic anhydride (T3P®). Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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van der Westhuyzen R, Hammons JC, Meier JL, Dahesh S, Moolman WJA, Pelly SC, Nizet V, Burkart MD, Strauss E. The antibiotic CJ-15,801 is an antimetabolite that hijacks and then inhibits CoA biosynthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 19:559-71. [PMID: 22633408 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2012.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The natural product CJ-15,801 is an inhibitor of Staphylococcus aureus, but not other bacteria. Its close structural resemblance to pantothenic acid, the vitamin precursor of coenzyme A (CoA), and its Michael acceptor moiety suggest that it irreversibly inhibits an enzyme involved in CoA biosynthesis or utilization. However, its mode of action and the basis for its specificity have not been elucidated to date. We demonstrate that CJ-15,801 is transformed by the uniquely selective S. aureus pantothenate kinase, the first CoA biosynthetic enzyme, into a substrate for the next enzyme, phosphopantothenoylcysteine synthetase, which is inhibited through formation of a tight-binding structural mimic of its native reaction intermediate. These findings reveal CJ-15,801 as a vitamin biosynthetic pathway antimetabolite with a mechanism similar to that of the sulfonamide antibiotics and highlight CoA biosynthesis as a viable antimicrobial drug target.
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Buffham WJ, Swain NA, Kostiuk SL, Gonçalves TP, Harrowven DC. An Ammonia-Triggered Stereocontrolled Conversion of a γ-Lactone to the Central Tetrahydropyran of Pederin, Psymberin, and Onnamides D-F. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kashinath K, Swaroop PS, Reddy DS. A green synthetic route to antimalarial and antibacterial agent CJ-15,801 and its isomer cis-CJ-15,801. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra01051h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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