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Yang J, Xie D, Ma X. Recent Advances in Chemical Synthesis of Amino Sugars. Molecules 2023; 28:4724. [PMID: 37375279 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino sugars are a kind of carbohydrates with one or more hydroxyl groups replaced by an amino group. They play crucial roles in a broad range of biological activities. Over the past few decades, there have been continuing efforts on the stereoselective glycosylation of amino sugars. However, the introduction of glycoside bearing basic nitrogen is challenging using conventional Lewis acid-promoted pathways owing to competitive coordination of the amine to the Lewis acid promoter. Additionally, diastereomeric mixtures of O-glycoside are often produced if aminoglycoside lack a C2 substituent. This review focuses on the updated overview of the way to stereoselective synthesis of 1,2-cis-aminoglycoside. The scope, mechanism, and the applications in the synthesis of complex glycoconjugates for the representative methodologies were also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Demeng Xie
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ma
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Manabe S, Ito Y. Comparing of endocyclic and exocyclic cleavage reactions using mycothiol synthesis as an example. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Abstract
AbstractExistence of endocyclic cleavage reaction is now clearly shown from experimental evidence of endocyclic cleavage reaction as well as computational chemistry. Not only stereoelectronic factor, several factors could be main factors for endocyclic cleavage reaction. Endocyclic cleavage reaction is useful for 1,2-cis aminoglycoside formation, which is difficult by conventional glycosylation. By using endocyclic cleavage reaction, several glycosides with 1,2-cis aminoglycoside were prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shino Manabe
- RIKEN, Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yukishige Ito
- RIKEN, Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Manabe S, Ito Y. Mycothiol synthesis by an anomerization reaction through endocyclic cleavage. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:328-33. [PMID: 26977192 PMCID: PMC4778527 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycothiol is found in Gram-positive bacteria, where it helps in maintaining a reducing intracellular environment and it plays an important role in protecting the cell from toxic chemicals. The inhibition of the mycothiol biosynthesis is considered as a treatment for tuberculosis. Mycothiol contains an α-aminoglycoside, which is difficult to prepare stereoselectively by a conventional glycosylation reaction. In this study, mycothiol was synthesized by an anomerization reaction from an easily prepared β-aminoglycoside through endocyclic cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shino Manabe
- Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Lab, RIKEN, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yukishige Ito
- Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Lab, RIKEN, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Chang CH, Lico LS, Huang TY, Lin SY, Chang CL, Arco SD, Hung SC. Synthesis of the heparin-based anticoagulant drug fondaparinux. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9876-9. [PMID: 25044485 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201404154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Fondaparinux, a synthetic pentasaccharide based on the heparin antithrombin-binding domain, is an approved clinical anticoagulant. Although it is a better and safer alternative to pharmaceutical heparins in many cases, its high cost, which results from the difficult and tedious synthesis, is a deterrent for its widespread use. The chemical synthesis of fondaparinux was achieved in an efficient and concise manner from commercially available D-glucosamine, diacetone α-D-glucose, and penta-O-acetyl-D-glucose. The method involves suitably functionalized building blocks that are readily accessible and employs shared intermediates and a series of one-pot reactions that considerably reduce the synthetic effort and improve the yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsiu Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Taipei 115 (Taiwan); Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300 (Taiwan)
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Chang CH, Lico LS, Huang TY, Lin SY, Chang CL, Arco SD, Hung SC. Synthesis of the Heparin-Based Anticoagulant Drug Fondaparinux. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201404154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Vasconcelos MG, Briggs RH, Aguiar LC, Freire DM, Simas AB. Efficient desymmetrization of 4,6-di-O-benzyl-myo-inositol by Lipozyme TL-IM. Carbohydr Res 2014; 386:7-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Mondal S, Sureshan KM. Total syntheses and structural validation of lincitol A, lincitol B, uvacalol I, uvacalol J, and uvacalol K. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:7279-89. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01329h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
First total syntheses of lincitol A, lincitol B, uvacalol I, uvacalol J and uvacalol K were achieved in racemic form, validating their structure from a common intermediate, which was synthesized in six steps from low-cost and extensively available myo-inositol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumik Mondal
- School of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research
- Thiruvananthapuram 695016, India
| | - Kana M. Sureshan
- School of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research
- Thiruvananthapuram 695016, India
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Mondal S, Prathap A, Sureshan KM. Vinylogy in Orthoester Hydrolysis: Total Syntheses of Cyclophellitol, Valienamine, Gabosine K, Valienone, Gabosine G, 1-epi-Streptol, Streptol, and Uvamalol A. J Org Chem 2013; 78:7690-700. [DOI: 10.1021/jo401272j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumik Mondal
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695016, India
| | - Annamalai Prathap
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695016, India
| | - Kana M. Sureshan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695016, India
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McConnell MS, Yu F, Nguyen HM. Nickel-catalyzed α-glycosylation of C(1)-hydroxyl D-myo-inositol: a formal synthesis of mycothiol. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 49:4313-5. [PMID: 22992771 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc35823a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Formal synthesis of mycothiol has been developed via nickel-catalyzed α-glycosylation of the C(1)-hydroxyl group of D-myo-inositols with C(2)-N-substituted benzylideneamino N-phenyl trifluoroacetimidate donors. The pseudo-oligosaccharides were obtained in good yield and with excellent α-selectivity. Removal of the C(2)-N-2-trifluoromethylphenyl-benzylidene group under mild conditions provides a pseudo-disaccharide, completing the formal synthesis of mycothiol.
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