1
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Lee TC, Tong Y, Fu WC. Advances in Continuous Flow Fluorination Reactions. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300723. [PMID: 37707985 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Fluorination reactions are important in constructing organofluorine motifs, which contribute to favorable biological properties in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. However, fluorination reagents and reactions are associated with various problems, such as their hazardous nature, high exothermicity, and poor selectivity and scalability. Continuous flow has emerged as a transformative technology to provide many advantages relative to batch syntheses. This review article summarizes recent continuous flow techniques that address the limitations and challenges of fluorination reactions. Approaches based on different flow techniques are discussed, including gas-liquid reactions, packed-bed reactors, in-line purifications, streamlined multistep synthesis, large-scale reactions well as flow photoredox- and electrocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz Chun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Ave, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yi Tong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Ave, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai Chung Fu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Ave, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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2
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Wang X, Xu Z, Feng J, Pan G, He X, Lv M, Chen H, Jiang W, Ji J, Yang M. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel aromatic amide derivatives as potential BCR-ABL inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 81:129144. [PMID: 36681201 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BCR-ABL1 kinase is a key driver of the pathophysiology of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Current treatments need to broaden the chemical diversity of BCR-ABL1 kinase inhibitors to overcome drug resistance. We designed and synthesized a series of aromatic amide derivatives based on several generations of BCR-ABL1 kinase inhibitors. Biological studies showed that compared with Imatinib, these compounds showed significant proliferation inhibitory activities of HL-60 and K562 in cell activity assay. Compounds 4g and 4j exhibited significant anti-tumor activity against the K562 cells with IC50 values of 6.03 ± 0.49 μM and 5.66 ± 2.06 μM respectively. Compounds 4g and 4j, as potential BCR-ABL1 inhibitors, inhibit the phosphorylation of ABL1 and CRKL in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, compounds 4g and 4j can be used as a starting point for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujun Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Zhou Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Jing Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Gang Pan
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Xingbei He
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Mingxiao Lv
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Huijie Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Wentao Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222000, China; Department of Pharmacy, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Jing Ji
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222000, China.
| | - Mingli Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang 222000, China.
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3
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García-Lacuna J, Baumann M. Inline purification in continuous flow synthesis – opportunities and challenges. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous flow technology has become the method of choice for many academic and industrial researchers when developing new routes to chemical compounds of interest. With this technology maturing over the last decades, robust and oftentimes automated processes are now commonly exploited to generate fine chemical building blocks. The integration of effective inline analysis and purification tools is thereby frequently exploited to achieve effective and reliable flow processes. This perspective article summarizes recent applications of different inline purification techniques such as chromatography, extractions, and crystallization from academic and industrial laboratories. A discussion of the advantages and drawbacks of these tools is provided as a guide to aid researchers in selecting the most appropriate approach for future applications. It is hoped that this perspective contributes to new developments in this field in the context of process and cost efficiency, sustainability and industrial uptake of new flow chemistry tools developed in academia.
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4
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Brandão P, Pineiro M, M.V.D. Pinho e Melo T. Flow Chemistry: Sequential Flow Processes for the Synthesis of Heterocycles. HETEROCYCLES 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527832002.ch11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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5
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Dankers C, Tadros J, Harman DG, Aldrich-Wright JR, Nguyen TV, Gordon CP. Immobilized Carbodiimide Assisted Flow Combinatorial Protocol to Facilitate Amide Coupling and Lactamization. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2020; 22:255-267. [PMID: 32283009 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.0c00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Through a screen of over one hundred and 30 permutations of reaction temperatures, solvents, carbodiimide resins, and carbodiimide molar equivalences, in the presence, absence, or combination of diisopropylamine and benzotriazole additives, a convenient and first reported carbodiimide polymer-assisted flow approach to effect amide coupling and lactamization was developed. The protocol entails injecting a single solution (1:9 dimethylformamide: dichloromethane) containing a carboxylic acid and an amine or linear peptide sequence into a continuous stream of dichloromethane. The protocol remained viable in the absence of base, did not require carboxylate preactivation which, and in concert with minimal workup requirements, enabled the isolation of products in high yields. Compared to the utilization of untethered carbodiimide reagents, the flow procedure was also observed to provide a degree of racemization safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Dankers
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag, Penrith South DC, Sydney, New South Wales 1797, Australia
| | - Joseph Tadros
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag, Penrith South DC, Sydney, New South Wales 1797, Australia
| | - David G. Harman
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Building 30, Goldsmith Avenue, Campbelltown, New South Wales 2560, Australia
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Building 30, Goldsmith Avenue, Campbelltown, New South Wales 2560, Australia
| | - Janice R. Aldrich-Wright
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag, Penrith South DC, Sydney, New South Wales 1797, Australia
- Nanoscale Organization and Dynamics Group, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales 2560, Australia
| | - Thanh V. Nguyen
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher P. Gordon
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag, Penrith South DC, Sydney, New South Wales 1797, Australia
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Building 30, Goldsmith Avenue, Campbelltown, New South Wales 2560, Australia
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6
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Brandão P, Pineiro M, Pinho e Melo TMVD. Flow Chemistry: Towards A More Sustainable Heterocyclic Synthesis. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Brandão
- CQC and Department of Chemistry; University of Coimbra; 3004-535 Coimbra Portugal
- Centro de Química de Évora; Institute for Research and Advanced Studies; University of Évora; 7000 Évora Portugal
| | - Marta Pineiro
- CQC and Department of Chemistry; University of Coimbra; 3004-535 Coimbra Portugal
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Du Y, Barber T, Lim SE, Rzepa HS, Baxendale IR, Whiting A. A solid-supported arylboronic acid catalyst for direct amidation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:2916-2919. [PMID: 30785133 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09913h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
An efficient heterogeneous amidation catalyst has been prepared by co-polymerisation of styrene, DVB with 4-styreneboronic acid, which shows wide substrate applicability and higher reactivity than the equivalent homogeneous phenylboronic acid, suggesting potential cooperative catalytic effects. The catalyst can be easily recovered and reused; suitable for use in packed bed flow reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Du
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Science Laboratories, South Road, Durham, DH1 3QZ, UK.
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8
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Cossar PJ, Baker JR, Cain N, McCluskey A. In situ epoxide generation by dimethyldioxirane oxidation and the use of epichlorohydrin in the flow synthesis of a library of β-amino alcohols. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:171190. [PMID: 29765627 PMCID: PMC5936892 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The flow coupling of epichlorohydrin with substituted phenols, while efficient, limits the nature of the epoxide available for the development of focused libraries of β-amino alcohols. This limitation was encountered in the production of analogues of 1-(4-nitrophenoxy)-3-((2-((4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)ethyl)amino)propan-2-ol 1, a potential antibiotic lead. The in situ (flow) generation of dimethyldoxirane (DMDO) and subsequent flow olefin epoxidation abrogates this limitation and afforded facile access to structurally diverse β-amino alcohols. Analogues of 1 were readily accessed either via (i) a flow/microwave hybrid approach, or (ii) a sequential flow approach. Key steps were the in situ generation of DMDO, with olefin epoxidation in typically good yields and a flow-mediated ring opening aminolysis to form an expanded library of β-amino alcohols 1 and 10a-18g, resulting in modest (11a, 21%) to excellent (12g, 80%) yields. Alternatively flow coupling of epichlorohydrin with phenols 4a-4m (22%-89%) and a Bi(OTf)3 catalysed microwave ring opening with amines afforded a select range of β-amino alcohols, but with lower levels of aminolysis regiocontrol than the sequential flow approach.
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Jiang Y, Suo H, Zhang D, Li X, Sun Y, Ren B, Zhang W, Xu G. An Efficient Method for Reduction of Nitroaromatic Compounds to the Corresponding Aromatic Amines with NH 2NH 2·H 2O Catalysed by H 2O 2-Treated Activated Carbon. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.3184/174751917x15005518143041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and green protocol for the reduction of nitroaromatic compounds to the corresponding amines has been developed. The reduction catalyst system includes NH2NH2·H2O and H2O2-treated activated carbon. Without adding additional metals, the H2O2-treated activated carbon could be reused for many cycles without decreasing catalytic efficiency. The aromatic amines could be obtained in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Jiang
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Pharmaceuticals & Biomedical Materials, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, P.R. China
| | - Huajun Suo
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Pharmaceuticals & Biomedical Materials, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Pharmaceuticals & Biomedical Materials, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, P.R. China
| | - Xiyong Li
- Weihai Ocean Vocational College, Weihai, P.R. China
| | - Yamin Sun
- Weihai Ocean Vocational College, Weihai, P.R. China
| | - Baoqi Ren
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Pharmaceuticals & Biomedical Materials, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Pharmaceuticals & Biomedical Materials, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, P.R. China
| | - Guiqing Xu
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Pharmaceuticals & Biomedical Materials, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, P.R. China
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10
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Ragno D, Di Carmine G, Brandolese A, Bortolini O, Giovannini PP, Massi A. Immobilization of Privileged Triazolium Carbene Catalyst for Batch and Flow Stereoselective Umpolung Processes. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b02164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Ragno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Graziano Di Carmine
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Arianna Brandolese
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Giovannini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
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11
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Xue F, Deng H, Xue C, Mohamed DKB, Tang KY, Wu J. Reaction discovery using acetylene gas as the chemical feedstock accelerated by the "stop-flow" micro-tubing reactor system. Chem Sci 2017; 8:3623-3627. [PMID: 30155207 PMCID: PMC6094156 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc00408g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A “stop-flow” micro-tubing reactor system was designed for accelerating reaction discovery using flammable acetylene gas as the feedstock.
Acetylene gas has been applied as a feedstock under transition-metal catalysis and photo-redox conditions to produce important chemicals including terminal alkynes, fulvenes, and fluorinated styrene compounds. The reaction discovery process was accelerated through the use of “stop-flow” micro-tubing reactors. This reactor prototype was developed by joining elements from both continuous micro-flow and conventional batch reactors, which was convenient and effective for gas/liquid reaction screening. Notably, the developed transformations were either inefficient or unsuccessful in conventional batch reactors. Its success relies on the unique advantages provided by this “stop-flow” micro-tubing reactor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xue
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , Republic of Singapore 117543 .
| | - Hongping Deng
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , Republic of Singapore 117543 .
| | - Chengwen Xue
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , Republic of Singapore 117543 .
| | | | - Karen Yuanting Tang
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , Republic of Singapore 117543 .
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , Republic of Singapore 117543 .
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Avril A, Hornung CH, Urban A, Fraser D, Horne M, Veder JP, Tsanaktsidis J, Rodopoulos T, Henry C, Gunasegaram DR. Continuous flow hydrogenations using novel catalytic static mixers inside a tubular reactor. REACT CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6re00188b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Continuous flow reactor for the hydrogenation of organic substrates using novel catalytic static mixers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Avril
- CSIRO Manufacturing
- Clayton South
- Australia
| | | | - A. Urban
- CSIRO Manufacturing
- Clayton South
- Australia
| | - D. Fraser
- CSIRO Manufacturing
- Clayton South
- Australia
| | - M. Horne
- CSIRO Manufacturing
- Clayton South
- Australia
| | | | | | | | - C. Henry
- CSIRO Manufacturing
- Clayton South
- Australia
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13
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Gaber HM, Bagley MC, Muhammad ZA, Gomha SM. Recent developments in chemical reactivity of N,N-dimethylenamino ketones as synthons for various heterocycles. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00683g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review demonstrates the high number of synthetic applications of enaminones in the preparation of acyclic, carbocyclic, heterocyclic and fused heterocyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem M. Gaber
- National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR)
- Cairo
- Egypt
| | - Mark C. Bagley
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sussex
- School of Life Sciences
- Brighton
- UK
| | | | - Sobhi M. Gomha
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Cairo University
- Giza
- Egypt
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14
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Chi Y, Yan H, Zhang WX, Xi Z. CuOTf-Catalyzed Selective Generation of 2-Aminopyrimidines from Carbodiimides and Diaryliodonium Salts by a Triple C(sp3)−H Functionalization. Chemistry 2016; 23:757-761. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Peking University; Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Haihan Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Peking University; Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Peking University; Beijing 100871 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Zhenfeng Xi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Peking University; Beijing 100871 P. R. China
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16
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Lin AJS, Russell CC, Baker JR, Frailey SL, Sakoff JA, McCluskey A. A facile hybrid 'flow and batch' access to substituted 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazinones. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:8732-8742. [PMID: 27714138 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01153e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe a simple flow chemistry approach to libraries of ethyl 3-oxo-2-(substituted-phenylamino)-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazine-6-carboxylates (12a-l) and N-ethyl-3-oxo-2-(substituted-phenylamino)-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazine-6-carboxamides (13a-l) in 38-87% yields. This scaffold is poorly described in the chemical literature. Screening against a panel of 11 cancer and one normal cell line showed that the amide linked library 13a-l was devoid of toxicity. Whereas the ester linked analogues 12b, 12c, 12g, 12j and 12l were highly cytotoxic with growth inhibition (GI50) values from 0.34 to >50 μM across all cell lines, with the 2-OH-Ph substituted 12l analogue presenting with sub-micromolar potency against the A2780 (ovarian; 0.34 ± 0.04 μM), BEC-2 (glioblastoma; 0.35 ± 0.06 μM), MIA (pancreas; 0.91 ± 0.054 μM) and SMA (murine glioblastoma; 0.77 ± 0.029 μM) carcinoma cell lines. Interestingly, the U87 glioblastoma cell line showed inherent resistance to growth inhibition by all analogues (GI50 32 to >50 μM) while the A2780 cells were highly sensitive (GI50 3.8-0.34 μM), suggesting that the analogues developed herein may be valuable lead compounds for the development of ovarian carcinoma specific cytotoxic agents. The differences in amide versus ester cytotoxicity was consitent with esterase cleaveage to release the cytotoxic warhead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J S Lin
- Chemistry, Centre for Chemical Biology, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Cecilia C Russell
- Chemistry, Centre for Chemical Biology, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Jennifer R Baker
- Chemistry, Centre for Chemical Biology, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Shelby L Frailey
- Chemistry, Centre for Chemical Biology, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. and Chemical Engineering, Trine University, Angola, IN, 46703 USA
| | - Jennette A Sakoff
- Department of Medical Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Waratah, NSW 2298, Australia
| | - Adam McCluskey
- Chemistry, Centre for Chemical Biology, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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17
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Library synthesis of cardiomyogenesis inducing compounds using an efficient two-step-one-flow process. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-015-1605-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Greco R, Caciolli L, Zaghi A, Pandoli O, Bortolini O, Cavazzini A, De Risi C, Massi A. A monolithic 5-(pyrrolidin-2-yl)tetrazole flow microreactor for the asymmetric aldol reaction in water–ethanol solvent. REACT CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5re00017c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An organocatalytic polystyrene monolithic column produces chiral β-hydroxyketones under benign, continuous-flow conditions with high long-term stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Greco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Lorenzo Caciolli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Anna Zaghi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Omar Pandoli
- Departamento de Química
- Pontificia Universidade Católica – PUC-Rio
- Brazil
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Alberto Cavazzini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Carmela De Risi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Ferrara
- I-44121 Ferrara
- Italy
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19
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Kinigopoulou M, Filippidou M, Gogou M, Giannousi A, Fouka P, Ntemou N, Alivertis D, Georgis C, Brentas A, Polychronidou V, Voulgari P, Theodorou V, Skobridis K. An optimized approach in the synthesis of imatinib intermediates and analogues. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra09812f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We revisited the classical synthetic procedure for imatinib synthesis providing an improved and optimized approach in the preparation of a series of new imatinib analogues.
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20
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Trojanowicz M. Flow chemistry vs. flow analysis. Talanta 2016; 146:621-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Quantitative determination of two polymorphic forms of imatinib mesylate in a drug substance and tablet formulation by X-ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 114:330-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Congiu C, Onnis V, Deplano A, Balboni G, Ceruso M, Supuran CT. Synthesis and carbonic anhydrase I, II, IX and XII inhibitory activity of sulfamates incorporating piperazinyl-ureido moieties. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:5619-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Rojo MV, Guetzoyan L, Baxendale IR. A monolith immobilised iridium Cp* catalyst for hydrogen transfer reactions under flow conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:1768-77. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02376e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An immobilised iridium hydrogen transfer catalyst has been developed for use in flow based processing by incorporation of a ligand into a porous polymeric monolithic flow reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ian. R. Baxendale
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
- Department of Chemistry
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24
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Russell C, Lin AJS, Hains P, Simone MI, Robinson PJ, McCluskey A. An integrated flow and microwave approach to a broad spectrum protein kinase inhibitor. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra09426g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein kinase inhibitor CTx-0152960 and the piperazinyl analogue CTx-0294885 were prepared using a hybrid flow and microwave approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Russell
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Chemistry
- School of Environmental and Life Science
- The University of Newcastle
- Callaghan
- Australia
| | - Andrew J. S. Lin
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Chemistry
- School of Environmental and Life Science
- The University of Newcastle
- Callaghan
- Australia
| | - Peter Hains
- Children's Medical Research Institute
- Australia
| | - Michela I. Simone
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Chemistry
- School of Environmental and Life Science
- The University of Newcastle
- Callaghan
- Australia
| | | | - Adam McCluskey
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Chemistry
- School of Environmental and Life Science
- The University of Newcastle
- Callaghan
- Australia
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25
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Herwig G, Hornung CH, Peeters G, Ebdon N, Savage GP. Porous double-layer polymer tubing for the potential use in heterogeneous continuous flow reactions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:22838-22846. [PMID: 25419902 DOI: 10.1021/am5070427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Functional polymer tubing with an OD of 1/16 or 1/8 in. was fabricated by a simple polymer coextrusion process. The tubing was made of an outer impervious polypropylene layer and an inner layer, consisting of a blend of a functional polymer, polyethylene-co-methacrylic acid, and a sacrificial polymer, polystyrene. After a simple solvent leaching step using common organic solvents, the polystyrene was removed, leaving behind a porous inner layer that contains functional carboxylic acid groups, which could then be used for the immobilization of target molecules. Solution-phase reactions using amines or isocyanates have proven successful for the immobilization of a series of small molecules and polymers. This flexible multilayered functional tubing can be easily cut to the desired length and connected via standard microfluidic fittings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Herwig
- Manufacturing Flagship, CSIRO , Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
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26
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Deadman BJ, Browne DL, Baxendale IR, Ley SV. Back Pressure Regulation of Slurry-Forming Reactions in Continuous Flow. Chem Eng Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201400445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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27
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Gilmore K, Vukelić S, McQuade DT, Koksch B, Seeberger PH. Continuous Reductions and Reductive Aminations Using Solid NaBH4. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op500310s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Gilmore
- Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg
1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Stella Vukelić
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraβe
3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - D. Tyler McQuade
- Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg
1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306 United States
| | - Beate Koksch
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraβe
3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg
1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraβe
3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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28
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Asadi M, Bonke S, Polyzos A, Lupton DW. Fukuyama Reduction and Integrated Thioesterification/Fukuyama Reduction of Thioesters and Acyl Chlorides Using Continuous Flow. ACS Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cs5004917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Asadi
- School
of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shannon Bonke
- School
of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - David W. Lupton
- School
of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
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29
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Battilocchio C, Hawkins JM, Ley SV. Mild and selective heterogeneous catalytic hydration of nitriles to amides by flowing through manganese dioxide. Org Lett 2014; 16:1060-3. [PMID: 24495110 DOI: 10.1021/ol403591c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A sustainable flow chemistry process for the hydration of nitriles, whereby an aqueous solution of the nitrile is passed through a column containing commercially available amorphous manganese dioxide, has been developed. The product is obtained simply by concentration of the output stream without any other workup steps. The protocol described is rapid, robust, reliable, and scalable, and it has been applied to a broad range of substrates, showing a high level of chemical tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Battilocchio
- Innovative Technology Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, Cambridge U.K
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30
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Hartwig J, Metternich JB, Nikbin N, Kirschning A, Ley SV. Continuous flow chemistry: a discovery tool for new chemical reactivity patterns. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:3611-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00662c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new reactivity pattern and extended reaction scope has been obtained by transferring a reaction from batch mode to flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hartwig
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Leibniz Universität Hannover
- 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan B. Metternich
- Innovative Technology Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- , UK
| | - Nikzad Nikbin
- Innovative Technology Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- , UK
| | - Andreas Kirschning
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Leibniz Universität Hannover
- 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Steven V. Ley
- Innovative Technology Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- , UK
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31
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Barlow (née Tan) KJ, Hao X, Hughes TC, Hutt OE, Polyzos A, Turner KA, Moad G. Porous, functional, poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) monoliths by RAFT polymerization. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py01015e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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32
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Battilocchio C, Bhawal BN, Chorghade R, Deadman BJ, Hawkins JM, Ley SV. Flow-Based, Cerium Oxide Enhanced, Low-Level Palladium Sonogashira and Heck Coupling Reactions by Perovskite Catalysts. Isr J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201300049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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33
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Battilocchio C, Deadman BJ, Nikbin N, Kitching MO, Baxendale IR, Ley SV. A Machine-Assisted Flow Synthesis of SR48692: A Probe for the Investigation of Neurotensin Receptor-1. Chemistry 2013; 19:7917-30. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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34
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Battilocchio C, Hawkins JM, Ley SV. A Mild and Efficient Flow Procedure for the Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones and Aldehydes using Hydrous Zirconia. Org Lett 2013; 15:2278-81. [DOI: 10.1021/ol400856g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Battilocchio
- Innovative Technology Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, U.K., and Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Joel M. Hawkins
- Innovative Technology Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, U.K., and Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Steven V. Ley
- Innovative Technology Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, U.K., and Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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35
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Deadman BJ, Hopkin MD, Baxendale IR, Ley SV. The synthesis of Bcr-Abl inhibiting anticancer pharmaceutical agents imatinib, nilotinib and dasatinib. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:1766-800. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob27003j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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36
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