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Lynch JR, Kennedy AR, Barker J, Mulvey RE. Modification of a Common β-diketiminate NacNac Framework via Sequential Lithiation and Small Molecule Insertion. Chemistry 2023:e202303373. [PMID: 38032346 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
A widely utilised class of ligands in synthesis and catalysis, β-diketiminate (BDI) or NacNac compounds were initially considered innocent in the sense that they remained intact in all their applications. That changed when the γ-C-H unit of their NCCCN backbone was found to engage in reactions with electrophiles. Here, we show that this special reactivity can be used advantageously to prepare tripodal modifications of the common NacNac ligand derived from 2,6-diisopropylphenyl-β-methyldiketimine [NacNacH (Me, Dipp)]. Lithiation to give NacNacLi, followed by reactions with isocyanates, isothiocyanates and a carbodiimide, have afforded a series of tripodal NacNac variants having N,N,N,O; N,N,N,S; or N,N,N,N potential dentation sites, many of which have been crystallographically characterised. Distinct ligating modes of these new ligands have been elucidated through the crystal structures of their lithiated derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Lynch
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Jim Barker
- Innospec Ltd., Oil Sites Road, Ellesmere Port, Cheshire, CH65 4EY, UK
| | - Robert E Mulvey
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
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2
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Harloff J, Laatz KC, Lerch S, Schulz A, Stoer P, Strassner T, Villinger A. Hexacyanidosilicates with Functionalized Imidazolium Counterions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Harloff
- Anorganische Chemie Institut für Chemie Universität Rostock A.‐Einstein‐Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Karoline Charlotte Laatz
- Anorganische Chemie Institut für Chemie Universität Rostock A.‐Einstein‐Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Swantje Lerch
- Physikalische Organische Chemie Technische Universität Dresden Bergstraße 66 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Axel Schulz
- Anorganische Chemie Institut für Chemie Universität Rostock A.‐Einstein‐Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
- Materialdesign Leibniz‐Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock A.‐Einstein‐Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Philip Stoer
- Anorganische Chemie Institut für Chemie Universität Rostock A.‐Einstein‐Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Thomas Strassner
- Physikalische Organische Chemie Technische Universität Dresden Bergstraße 66 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Anorganische Chemie Institut für Chemie Universität Rostock A.‐Einstein‐Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
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3
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Escobar MA, Moreno da Costa D, Trofymchuk OS, Daniliuc CG, Gracia F, Nachtigall FM, Santos LS, Rojas RS, Cabrera AR. Intermolecular stabilization in new 2-iminopyridine derivatives complexes of Pd(II) and their reactivity towards alkenes. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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Four-coordinate six-membered ketiminate and diketiminate boron complexes. Synthesis, structure, reactivity, and application in the design of nitrogen heterocycles. Russ Chem Bull 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-017-1901-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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5
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Mahmudov KT, Pombeiro AJL. Resonance-Assisted Hydrogen Bonding as a Driving Force in Synthesis and a Synthon in the Design of Materials. Chemistry 2016; 22:16356-16398. [PMID: 27492126 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Resonance-assisted hydrogen bonding (RAHB), a concept introduced by Gilli and co-workers in 1989, concerns a kind of intramolecular H-bonding strengthened by a conjugated π-system, usually in 6-, 8-, or 10-membered rings. This Review highlights the involvement of RAHB as a driving force in the synthesis of organic, coordination, and organometallic compounds, as a handy tool in the activation of covalent bonds, and in starting moieties for synthetic transformations. The unique roles of RAHB in molecular recognition and switches, E/Z isomeric resolution, racemization and epimerization of amino acids and chiral amino alcohols, solvatochromism, liquid-crystalline compounds, and in synthons for crystal engineering and polymer materials are also discussed. The Review can provide practical guidance for synthetic chemists that are interested in exploring and further developing RAHB-assisted synthesis and design of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran T Mahmudov
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal. .,Department of Chemistry, Baku State University, Z. Xalilov Str. 23, Az 1148, Baku, Azerbaijan.
| | - Armando J L Pombeiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal.
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6
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Ochiai T, Franz D, Inoue S. Applications of N-heterocyclic imines in main group chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:6327-6344. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00163g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A survey of the most recent progress in the applications of N-heterocyclic imines in main group compounds is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsumi Ochiai
- Institut für Chemie
- Technische Universität Berlin
- 10623 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Daniel Franz
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center
- Technische Universität München
- 85748 Garching
- Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Institut für Chemie
- Technische Universität Berlin
- 10623 Berlin
- Germany
- Department of Chemistry
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7
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Cabrera AR, Rojas RS, Valderrama M, Plüss P, Berke H, Daniliuc CG, Kehr G, Erker G. Synthesis of new asymmetric substituted boron amidines - reactions with CO and transfer hydrogenations of phenylacetylene. Dalton Trans 2015. [PMID: 26202830 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt01966d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses of the new asymmetric substituted boron amidines [N'-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-N-(pentafluorophenyl)acetimidamide]bis(pentafluorophenyl)borate () and [N'-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-N-(4-cyanophenyl)acetimidamide]bis(pentafluorophenyl)borate () were achieved by reaction of one equivalent of HB(C6F5)2 and the respective amidines and . These adducts, bearing electron withdrawing groups, showed thermally induced H2 elimination forming the four-membered cyclic diazaborate derivatives and . These new species were characterized by spectroscopic methods. X-ray diffraction studies have been carried out on , and . To prevent undesired reactions at the nitrile group, one equivalent of B(C6F5)3 was added to yielding the -B(C6F5)3 nitrile adduct . Compound underwent thermally induced dehydrogenation to give the four-membered cyclic diazaborate derivative . CO was inserted into the ring systems of and forming the five-membered diazaborolone derivatives and . Phenylacetylene reacted stoichiometrically with the asymmetric substituted boron amidines , and to give styrene by double H transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Cabrera
- Nucleus Millennium of Chemical Processes and Catalysis, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Rene S Rojas
- Nucleus Millennium of Chemical Processes and Catalysis, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Mauricio Valderrama
- Nucleus Millennium of Chemical Processes and Catalysis, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Pascal Plüss
- Chemisches Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Heinz Berke
- Chemisches Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Gerald Kehr
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
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8
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The performance of methallyl nickel complexes and boron adducts in the catalytic activation of ethylene: a conceptual DFT perspective. J Mol Model 2015; 21:227. [PMID: 26267295 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-015-2770-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this work, global and local descriptors of chemical reactivity and selectivity are used to explain the differences in reactivities toward ethylene of methallyl nickel complexes and their B(C6F5)3 and BF3 adducts. DFT calculations were used to explain why nickel complexes alone are inactive in ethylene polymerization while their boron adducts can activate it. It is shown that chemical potential, hardness, electrophilicity and molecular electrostatic potential surfaces describe fairly well the reactivity and selectivity of these organometallic systems toward ethylene. Experimental data indicates that addition of a borane molecule to nickel complexes changes dramatically their reactivity-behavior that is confirmed computationally. Our results show that bare complexes are unable to activate ethylene-a Lewis base-because they also behave as Lewis bases. The addition of the co-catalyst-a Lewis acid-turns the adducts into Lewis acids, making them active towards ethylene.
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Trofymchuk OS, Daniliuc CG, Kehr G, Erker G, Rojas RS. Synthesis and structures of N-arylcyano-β-diketiminate zinc complexes and adducts and their application in ring‐opening polymerization of l-lactide. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra16670a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The coordination of B(C6F5)3 molecule close to the metal center in new zinc Nacnac complexes affects the ROP of l-LA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandra S. Trofymchuk
- Departamento de Quimica Inorganica
- Facultad de Quimica
- Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
- Santiago-22
- Chile
| | | | - Gerald Kehr
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universitat
- D-48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universitat
- D-48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Rene S. Rojas
- Departamento de Quimica Inorganica
- Facultad de Quimica
- Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
- Santiago-22
- Chile
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10
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Trofymchuk OS, Gutsulyak DV, Quintero C, Parvez M, Daniliuc CG, Piers WE, Rojas RS. N-Arylcyano-β-diketiminate Methallyl Nickel Complexes: Synthesis, Adduct Formation, and Reactivity toward Ethylene. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400847b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandra S. Trofymchuk
- Departamento
de Quimica Inorganica, Facultad de Quimica, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Casilla 306, Santiago-22, Chile
| | - Dmitry V. Gutsulyak
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4,
| | - Celso Quintero
- Departamento
de Quimica Inorganica, Facultad de Quimica, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Casilla 306, Santiago-22, Chile
| | - Masood Parvez
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4,
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-chemisches Institut der Universitat Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Warren E. Piers
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4,
| | - Rene S. Rojas
- Departamento
de Quimica Inorganica, Facultad de Quimica, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Casilla 306, Santiago-22, Chile
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11
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Sajid M, Stute A, Cardenas AJP, Culotta BJ, Hepperle JAM, Warren TH, Schirmer B, Grimme S, Studer A, Daniliuc CG, Fröhlich R, Petersen JL, Kehr G, Erker G. N,N-addition of frustrated Lewis pairs to nitric oxide: an easy entry to a unique family of aminoxyl radicals. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:10156-68. [PMID: 22548454 DOI: 10.1021/ja302652a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The intramolecular cyclohexylene-bridged P/B frustrated Lewis pair [Mes(2)P-C(6)H(10)-B(C(6)F(5))(2)] 1b reacts rapidly with NO to give the persistent FLP-NO aminoxyl radical 2b formed by P/B addition to the nitrogen atom of NO. This species was fully characterized by X-ray diffraction, EPR and UV/vis spectroscopies, C,H,N elemental analysis, and DFT calculations. The reactive oxygen-centered radical 2b undergoes a H-atom abstraction (HAA) reaction with 1,4-cyclohexadiene to give the diamagnetic FLP-NOH product 3b. FLP-NO 2b reacts with toluene at 70 °C in an HAA/radical capture sequence to give a 1:1 mixture of FLP-NOH 3b and FLP-NO-CH(2)Ph 4b, both characterized by X-ray diffraction. Structurally related FLPs [Mes(2)P-CHR(1)-CHR(2)-B(C(6)F(5))(2)] 1c, 1d, and 1e react analogously with NO to give the respective persistent FLP-NO radicals 2c, 2d, and 2e, respectively, which show similar HAA and O-functionalization reactions. The FLP-NO-CHMePh 6b derived from 1-bromoethylbenzene undergoes NO-C bond cleavage at 120 °C with an activation energy of E(a) = 35(2) kcal/mol. Species 6b induces the controlled nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization (NMP) of styrene at 130 °C to give polystyrene with a polydispersity index of 1.3. The FLP-NO systems represent a new family of aminoxyl radicals that are easily available by N,N-cycloaddition of C(2)-bridged intramolecular P/B frustrated Lewis pairs to nitric oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sajid
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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12
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Xu BH, Mömming CM, Fröhlich R, Kehr G, Erker G. Reaction of a 6-Dimethylaminopentafulvene with the Mes2PCH2CH2B(C6F5)2 Frustrated Lewis Pair. Chemistry 2012; 18:1826-30. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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13
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Stute A, Heletta L, Fröhlich R, Daniliuc CG, Kehr G, Erker G. Anomalous Staudinger reaction at intramolecular frustrated P–B Lewis pair frameworks. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:11739-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc36782c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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15
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Rojas RS, Cabrera AR, Peoples BC, Spannhoff K, Valderrama M, Fröhlich R, Kehr G, Erker G. Synthesis of [(π-cyano-P-nacnac)Cp] and [(π-cyano-nacnac)Cp]-zirconium complexes, and their remote activation for ethylene polymerization. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:1243-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt11261a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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16
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Rojas RS, Peoples BC, Cabrera AR, Valderrama M, Fröhlich R, Kehr G, Erker G, Wiegand T, Eckert H. Synthesis and Structure of Bifunctional Zirconocene/Borane Complexes and Their Activation for Ethylene Polymerization. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om200536z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rene S. Rojas
- Departamento de Quı́mica
Inorgánica, Facultad
de Quı́mica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306, Santiago 22, Chile
| | - Brian C. Peoples
- Departamento de Quı́mica
Inorgánica, Facultad
de Quı́mica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306, Santiago 22, Chile
| | - Alan R. Cabrera
- Departamento de Quı́mica
Inorgánica, Facultad
de Quı́mica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306, Santiago 22, Chile
| | - Mauricio Valderrama
- Departamento de Quı́mica
Inorgánica, Facultad
de Quı́mica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306, Santiago 22, Chile
| | - Roland Fröhlich
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster,
Germany
| | - Gerald Kehr
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster,
Germany
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster,
Germany
| | - Thomas Wiegand
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie and Graduate School
of Chemistry, Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse
28/30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hellmut Eckert
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie and Graduate School
of Chemistry, Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse
28/30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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