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Manganese(III) complexes with tetradentate O^C^C^O ligands: Synthesis, characterization and catalytic studies on the CO2 cycloaddition with epoxides. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2023.113006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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2
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Orian L, Bickelhaupt FM. Designing Rh(I)-Half-Sandwich Catalysts for Alkyne [2+2+2] Cycloadditions. Synlett 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1707284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMetal-mediated [2+2+2] cycloadditions of unsaturated molecules to cyclic and polycyclic organic compounds are a versatile synthetic route affording good yields and selectivity under mild conditions. In the last two decades, in silico investigations have unveiled important details about the mechanism and the energetics of the whole catalytic cycle. Particularly, a number of computational studies address the topic of half-sandwich catalysts which, due to their structural fluxionality, have been widely employed, since the 1980s. In these organometallic species, the metal is coordinated to an aromatic ring, typically the ubiquitous cyclopentadienyl anion, C5H5
–(Cp) or to the Cp moiety of a larger polycyclic aromatic ligand (Cp′). During the catalytic process, the metal continuously ‘slips’ on the ring, changing its hapticity. This phenomenon of metal slippage and its implications for the catalyst’s performance are discussed in this work, referring to the most important computational mechanistic studies reported in literature for Rh(I) half-metallocenes, with the purpose of providing hints for a rational design of this class of compounds.1 Introduction2 Mechanism of Metal-Catalyzed Acetylene [2+2+2] Cycloaddition to Benzene and the Problem of the Indenyl Effect2.1 Acetylene-Acetonitrile [2+2+2] Co-cycloaddition to 2-Methylpyridine: Evidence of the Indenyl Effect2.2 Heteroaromatic Catalysts and the Evidence of a Reverse Indenyl Effect2.3 Booth’s Mechanistic Hypothesis and the Evidence of the Indenyl Effect3 Structure–Reactivity Correlation: The Slippage-Span Model4 Conclusions and Perspectives
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Orian
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università degli Studi di Padova
| | - F. Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
- Institute of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University
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3
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Stoppa V, Scattolin T, Bevilacqua M, Baron M, Graiff C, Orian L, Biffis A, Menegazzo I, Roverso M, Bogialli S, Visentin F, Tubaro C. Mononuclear and dinuclear gold( i) complexes with a caffeine-based di(N-heterocyclic carbene) ligand: synthesis, reactivity and structural DFT analysis. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05906d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Two gold(i) complexes with caffeine-based di(N-heterocyclic carbene) ligands were synthesised and fully characterised.
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5
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Monticelli M, Baron M, Tubaro C, Bellemin-Laponnaz S, Graiff C, Bottaro G, Armelao L, Orian L. Structural and Luminescent Properties of Homoleptic Silver(I), Gold(I), and Palladium(II) Complexes with nNHC- tzNHC Heteroditopic Carbene Ligands. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:4192-4205. [PMID: 31459629 PMCID: PMC6648577 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Novel silver(I), gold(I), and palladium(II) complexes were synthesized with bidentate heteroditopic carbene ligands that combine an imidazol-2-ylidene (nNHC) with a 1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene (tzNHC) connected by a propylene bridge. The silver(I) and gold(I) complexes were dinuclear species, [M2(nNHC-tzNHC)2](PF6)2 (M = Ag or Au), with the two bidentate ligands bridging the metal centers, whereas in the palladium(II) complex [Pd(nNHC-tzNHC)2](PF6)2, the two ligands were chelated on the same metal center. Because of the presence of two different carbene units, isomers were observed for the gold(I) and palladium(II) complexes. The molecular structures of the head-to-tail isomer for gold(I) complexes, with a twisted or folded-syn conformation of the bridge between the carbene units, were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The study was completed with a systematic structural investigation through density functional theory (DFT) calculations. For palladium(II) species, the head-to-head form was structurally characterized. The dinuclear gold(I) complexes were emissive in the solid state in the blue region (PLQY up to 8%); time-dependent density functional theory (abbreviated as TD-DFT) calculations disclosed that the absorption bands have metal-to-ligand-charge-transfer character and evidenced that the emission occurs from the T1 level (phosphorescence).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Monticelli
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli
Studi di Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Institut
de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), CNRS-Université de Strasbourg UMR7504, 23 rue du Loess BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Marco Baron
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli
Studi di Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Tubaro
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli
Studi di Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- E-mail: (C.T.)
| | - Stéphane Bellemin-Laponnaz
- Institut
de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), CNRS-Université de Strasbourg UMR7504, 23 rue du Loess BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg, France
- E-mail: (S.B.-L.)
| | - Claudia Graiff
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Gregorio Bottaro
- Istituto
di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l’Energia,
ICMATE-CNR, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Lidia Armelao
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli
Studi di Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Istituto
di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l’Energia,
ICMATE-CNR, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Orian
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli
Studi di Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Baron M, Dall'Anese A, Tubaro C, Orian L, Di Marco V, Bogialli S, Graiff C, Basato M. A square planar gold(iii) bis-(1,1′-dimethyl-3,3′-methylene-diimidazol-2,2′-diylidene) trication as an efficient and selective receptor towards halogen anions: the cooperative effect of Au⋯X and X⋯HC interactions. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:935-945. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03672h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A tetra-NHC gold(iii) complex acts as anion sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Baron
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Anna Dall'Anese
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Cristina Tubaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Laura Orian
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Valerio Di Marco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Sara Bogialli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Claudia Graiff
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale
- Università degli Studi di Parma
- 43124 Parma
- Italy
| | - Marino Basato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
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7
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Baron M, Tubaro C, Cairoli MLC, Orian L, Bogialli S, Basato M, Natile MM, Graiff C. Gold(III) Bis(di-N-heterocyclic carbene) Square Planar Trication with Axial Ligand Interactions with Bromides from Ag/Br Counteranion Assemblies. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Claudia Graiff
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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Synthesis and electrochemistry property of new crowded multi-ferrocenyl substituted benzene derivatives. Polyhedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2016.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Morales-Verdejo C, Schott E, Zarate X, Manriquez JM. Novel mono- and heterobimetallic chromium−nickel s-indacene complexes: synthesis, characterization, and DFT studies. CAN J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2014-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of a novel heterobimetallic chromium−nickel compound (3), including 2,6-diethyl-4,8-dimethyl-5-hydroindacenide (IcH′) as bridging ligand was successfully achieved and it was characterized by means of 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and FT-IR spectroscopies and elemental analysis. Cyclic voltammetry studies were performed for complex 3 as well as for its respective mononuclear species. Theoretical calculations of this compound were carried out to gain further understanding of this novel molecular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Morales-Verdejo
- Laboratorio de Bionanotecnología, Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, General Gana 1780, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo Schott
- Laboratorio de Bionanotecnología, Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, General Gana 1780, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ximena Zarate
- Laboratorio de Bionanotecnología, Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, General Gana 1780, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Manuel Manriquez
- Laboratorio de Bionanotecnología, Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, General Gana 1780, Santiago, Chile
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Orian L, Swart M, Bickelhaupt FM. Indenyl effect due to metal slippage? Computational exploration of rhodium-catalyzed acetylene [2+2+2] cyclotrimerization. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:219-28. [PMID: 24273097 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of CpRh (Cp=cyclopentadienyl) and IndRh (Ind=indenyl)-catalyzed acetylene [2+2+2] cyclotrimerization has been revisited aiming at finding an explanation for the better performance of the latter catalyst found experimentally. The hypothesis that an ancillary ligand of the precatalyst remains bonded to the metal center throughout the whole catalytic cycle, based on the experimental evidence that the nature of this ligand can exert some control in cocyclotrimerization of different alkynes, is considered. Strong hapticity variations occur in both the CpRh- and IndRh-catalyzed processes. As the Ind ligand undergoes a more facile slippage than Cp, the energy profile is far smoother in the IndRh-catalyzed cyclotrimerization. This difference in the energetics of the process translates into an enhanced activity of the IndRh catalyst, in nice agreement with experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Orian
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35129 Padova (Italy).
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Orian L, Wolters LP, Bickelhaupt FM. In silico design of heteroaromatic half-sandwich RhI catalysts for acetylene [2+2+2] cyclotrimerization: evidence of a reverse indenyl effect. Chemistry 2013; 19:13337-47. [PMID: 24038672 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A mechanistic density functional theory study of acetylene [2+2+2] cyclotrimerization to benzene catalyzed by Rh(I) half metallocenes is presented. The catalyst fragment contains a heteroaromatic ligand, that is, the 1,2-azaborolyl (Ab) or the 3a,7a-azaborindenyl (Abi) anions, which are isostructural and isoelectronic to the hydrocarbon cyclopentadienyl (Cp) and indenyl (Ind) anions, respectively, but differ from the last ones on having two adjacent carbon atoms replaced with a boron and a nitrogen atom. The better performance of either the classic hydrocarbon or the heteroaromatic catalysts is found to depend on the different mechanistic paths that can be envisioned for the process. The present analyses uncover and explain general structure-reactivity relationships that may serve as rational design principles. In particular, we provide evidence of a reverse indenyl effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Orian
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35129 Padova (Italy).
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