The reactions of cis-[Pt(NH3)2(H2O)2]2+ with L-(+)-cystathionine and seleno-L-methionine: potential relevance to the molecular basis of cisplatin toxicity

Electrochemical treatment of anti-cancer drug carboplatin on mixed-metal oxides and boron doped diamond electrodes: Density functional theory modelling and toxicity evaluation

This study represents the electrooxidation of anti-cancer drug carboplatin (CrbPt) with different mixed metal oxide (MMO) and boron doped diamond (BDD) electrodes. The most effective anode was found as Ti/RuO₂ with the complete degradation of CrbPt in just 5min. The effect of applied current density, pH and electrolyte concentration on CrbPt degradation has been studied. The degradation of CrbPt significantly increased at the initial stages of the process with increasing current density. However, further increase in current density did not affect the degradation rate. While complete degradation of CrbPt was provided at pH 7, the degradation rates were 49% and 75% at pH 9 and 4, respectively. Besides, increasing supporting electrolyte (Na₂SO₄) concentration provided higher degradation rate but further increase in Na₂SO₄ concentration did not provide higher degradation rate due to excess amount of SO₄^-2. According to the DFT calculations, the formation of [Pt(NH₃)₂ (H₂O)₂]²⁺ and [Pt(NH₃)₂ (OH)₂] takes place with molecular weights of 265 and 263gmol^-1, respectively. Toxicity of treated samples at BDD and Ti/RuO₂ electrodes has been also evaluated in this study. The results showed that Ti/RuO₂ anode provided zero toxicity at the end of the process.

Interactions of Cu(I) with selenium-containing amino acids determined by NMR, XAS, and DFT studies

Cu(I) coordination by organoselenium compounds was recently reported as a mechanism for their prevention of copper-mediated DNA damage. To establish whether direct Se-Cu coordination may be involved in selenium antioxidant activity, Cu(I) coordination of the selenoamino acids methyl-Se-cysteine (MeSeCys) and selenomethionine (SeMet) was investigated. NMR results in D(2)O indicate that Cu(I) binds to the Se atom of both MeSeCys and SeMet as well as the carboxylic acid oxygen atom(s) or amine nitrogen atoms. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and density functional theory (DFT) results confirm Se-Cu coordination, with the identification of a 2.4 Å Se-Cu vector in both the Se- and Cu-EXAFS data. XAS studies also show Cu(I) in an unusual three-coordinate environment with the additional two ligands arising from O/N (2.0 Å). DFT models of 1:1 Cu-selenoamino acid complexes suggest that both selenoamino acids coordinate Cu(I) through the selenium and amino groups, with the third ligand assumed to be water. These compounds represent the first structurally characterized copper(I) complexes with sulfur- or selenium-containing amino acids.

Reaction of platinum(II) diamine and triamine complexes with selenomethionine

We have reacted [Pt(dien)Cl]Cl, [Pt(en)(D(2)O)(2)](2+), and [Pt(Me(4)en)(D(2)O)(2)](2+) [Me(4)en = N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine] with selenomethionine (SeMet). When [Pt(dien)Cl]Cl is reacted with SeMet, [Pt(dien)(SeMet-Se)](2+) is formed; two Se-CH(3) resonances are observed due to the different chiralities at the Se atom upon platination. In a reaction of [Pt(dien)Cl]Cl with an equimolar mixture of SeMet and Met, the SeMet product forms more quickly though a slow equilibrium with approximately equal amounts of both products is reached. [Pt(Me(4)en)(D(2)O)(2)](2+) reacts with SeMet to form [Pt(Me(4)en)(SeMet-Se)(D(2)O)](2+) initially but forms [Pt(Me(4)en)(SeMet-Se,N)](+) ultimately. One stereoisomer of the chelate, assigned to the R chirality at the Se atom, dominates within the first few minutes of reaction. [Pt(en)(D(2)O)(2)](2+) forms a variety of products depending on reaction stoichiometry; when one equivalent or less of SeMet is added, the dominant product is [Pt(en)(SeMet-Se,N)](+). In the presence of excess SeMet, [Pt(en)(SeMet-Se)(2)](2+) is the dominant initially, but displacement of the en ligand occurs leading to [Pt(SeMet-Se,N)(2)] as the eventual product. Displacement of the en ligand from [Pt(en)(SeMet-Se,N)](+) does not occur. In reactions of K(2)PtCl(4) with two equivalents of SeMet, [Pt(SeMet-Se,N)(2)] is formed, and three sets of resonances are observed due to different chiralities at the Se atoms. Only the cis geometric isomers are observed by (1)H and (195)Pt NMR spectroscopy.