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Enhancing the stability and electrocatalytic activity of Ti-based PbO2 anodes by introduction of an arc-sprayed TiN interlayer. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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2
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Qin X, Zhao Y, Li J, Chen G. The effect of Ir content on the stability of Ti/IrO2
-SnO2
-Sb2
O5
electrodes for O2
evolution. CAN J CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xusong Qin
- Engineering Program; School of Engineering; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay, Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
- ApogeeTec Greenergy Co., Ltd.; Shenzhen 518109 China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Engineering Program; School of Engineering; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay, Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay, Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Guohua Chen
- Engineering Program; School of Engineering; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay, Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
- ApogeeTec Greenergy Co., Ltd.; Shenzhen 518109 China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay, Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hung Hom, Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
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3
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Silva JF, Dias AC, Araújo P, Brett CMA, Mendes A. Electrochemical cell design for the impedance studies of chlorine evolution at DSA(®) anodes. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:085113. [PMID: 27587166 DOI: 10.1063/1.4959097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A new electrochemical cell design suitable for the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies of chlorine evolution on Dimensionally Stable Anodes (DSA(®)) has been developed. Despite being considered a powerful tool, EIS has rarely been used to study the kinetics of chlorine evolution at DSA anodes. Cell designs in the open literature are unsuitable for the EIS analysis at high DSA anode current densities for chlorine evolution because they allow gas accumulation at the electrode surface. Using the new cell, the impedance spectra of the DSA anode during chlorine evolution at high sodium chloride concentration (5 mol dm(-3) NaCl) and high current densities (up to 140 mA cm(-2)) were recorded. Additionally, polarization curves and voltammograms were obtained showing little or no noise. EIS and polarization curves evidence the role of the adsorption step in the chlorine evolution reaction, compatible with the Volmer-Heyrovsky and Volmer-Tafel mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Silva
- CUF-Químicos Industriais, S.A., Quinta da Indústria, 3860-680 Estarreja, Portugal
| | - A C Dias
- CUF-Químicos Industriais, S.A., Quinta da Indústria, 3860-680 Estarreja, Portugal
| | - P Araújo
- CUF-Químicos Industriais, S.A., Quinta da Indústria, 3860-680 Estarreja, Portugal
| | - C M A Brett
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Mendes
- LEPABE, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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4
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Titanium coated with high-performance nanocrystalline ruthenium oxide synthesized by the microwave-assisted sol–gel procedure. J Solid State Electrochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-016-3343-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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5
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In situ growth of RuO2–TiO2 catalyst with flower-like morphologies on the Ti substrate as a binder-free integrated anode for chlorine evolution. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-016-0934-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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6
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An electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and polarization study of the role of crystallographic orientation on electrochemical behavior of niobium. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.12.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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7
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Gonçalves IC, dos Santos WT, Franco DV, Da Silva LM. Fabrication and characterization of oxide fine-mesh electrodes composed of Sb-SnO2 and study of oxygen evolution from the electrolysis of electrolyte-free water in a solid polymer electrolyte filter-press cell: Possibilities for the combustion of organic pollutants. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.12.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Over H. Atomic scale insights into electrochemical versus gas phase oxidation of HCl over RuO2-based catalysts: A comparative review. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.12.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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9
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Intrinsic Potential-Dependent Performances of a Sol–Gel-Prepared Electrocatalytic IrO2–TiO2 Coating of Dimensionally Stable Anodes. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-012-0086-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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10
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The electrocatalytic properties of an IrO2/SnO2 catalyst using SnO2 as a support and an assisting reagent for the oxygen evolution reaction. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Chen R, Trieu V, Zeradjanin AR, Natter H, Teschner D, Kintrup J, Bulan A, Schuhmann W, Hempelmann R. Microstructural impact of anodic coatings on the electrochemical chlorine evolution reaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:7392-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp41163f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Xu J, Wang M, Liu G, Li J, Wang X. The physical–chemical properties and electrocatalytic performance of iridium oxide in oxygen evolution. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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13
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Hu JM, Sun XJ, Hou YY, Zhang JQ, Cao CN. Degradation characteristics of IrO2-type DSA® in methanol aqueous solutions. Electrochim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Electrocatalytic properties and stability of titanium anodes activated by the inorganic sol-gel procedure. JOURNAL OF THE SERBIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2008. [DOI: 10.2298/jsc0811083p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The properties of activated titanium anodes, RuO2-TiO2/Ti and RuO2--TiO2-IrO2/Ti, prepared from oxide sols by the sol-gel procedure, are reviewed. RuO2 and TiO2 sols were synthesized by forced hydrolysis of the corresponding chlorides in acid medium. The morphology of the prepared sols was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The chemical composition of the RuO2 sol was determined by X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis. The loss of electrocatalytic activity of a RuO2-TiO2/Ti anode during an accelerated stability test was investigated by examination of the changes in the electrochemical characteristics in the potential region of the chlorine and oxygen evolution reaction, as well as on the open circuit potential. These electrochemical characteristics were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and polarization measurements. The changes in electrochemical characteristics of the anode prepared by the sol-gel procedure were compared to the changes registered for an anode prepared by the traditional thermal decomposition of metal chlorides. The comparison indicated that the main cause for the activity loss of the sol-gel prepared anode was the electrochemical dissolution of RuO2, while in the case of thermally prepared anode the loss was mainly caused by the formation of an insulating TiO2 layer in the coating/Ti substrate interphase. The results of an accelerated stability test on RuO2-TiO2/Ti and RuO2--TiO2-IrO2/Ti anodes showed that the ternary coating is considerably more stable than the binary one, which is the consequence of the greater stability of IrO2 in comparison to RuO2.
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15
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Malpass GR, Neves RS, Motheo AJ. A comparative study of commercial and laboratory-made Ti/Ru0.3Ti0.7O2 DSA® electrodes: “In situ” and “ex situ” surface characterisation and organic oxidation activity. Electrochim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Investigation of the electrical properties, charging process, and passivation of RuO2–Ta2O5 oxide films. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2006.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Panić V, Dekanski A, Mišković-Stanković V, Milonjić S, Nikolić B. On the deactivation mechanism of RuO2–TiO2/Ti anodes prepared by the sol–gel procedure. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2005.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Effect of concentration and temperature on electrochemical oscillations during sulfide oxidation on Ti/Ta2O5–IrO2 electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2004.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Rasten E, Hagen G, Tunold R. Electrocatalysis in water electrolysis with solid polymer electrolyte. Electrochim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2003.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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The role of the concentration profile of titanium oxide on the electrochemical behavior of RuO2-TiO2 coatings obtained by the sol-gel procedure. JOURNAL OF THE SERBIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2003. [DOI: 10.2298/jsc0312979p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In order to understand the role of TiO2 in the deactivation mechanism of an active RuO2?TiO2 coating, an additional TiO2 layer was introduced in the support coating interphase of regular Ti//[RuO2?TiO2 anode in one case and on the surface of the coating in the other. The electrochemical behavior of these, with TiO2 enriched, anodes was compared with the behavior of anodes with regular RuO2?TiO2 coatings, which were subjected to an accelerated stability test. A high-frequency semicircle in the complex plane plot obtained by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, for a regular RuO2?TiO2 coating corresponds to TiO2 enrichment in the coating as a consequence of anode corrosion. In the case of the coatings with additional TiO2 layers, a high-frequency semicircle was not observed. The additional TiO2 layers increase the coating overall resistance and influence the coating impedance behavior at low frequencies. Similar equivalent electrical circuits were used to analyze the impedance behavior of coatings having an additional TiO2 layer at different position within RuO2?TiO2 coating.
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Da Silva L, De Faria L, Boodts J. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) investigation of the deactivation mechanism, surface and electrocatalytic properties of Ti/RuO2(x)+Co3O4(1−x) electrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(02)00810-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Separation of transport, charge storage and reaction processes of porous electrocatalytic IrO2 and IrO2/Nb2O5 electrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(01)00522-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Lassali T, Boodts J, Bulhões L. Charging processes and electrocatalytic properties of IrO2/TiO2/SnO2 oxide films investigated by in situ AC impedance measurements. Electrochim Acta 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(99)00135-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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