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Silva DMZA, Castro JP, Goes CAG, Utsunomia R, Vidal MR, Nascimento CN, Lasmar LF, Paim FG, Soares LB, Oliveira C, Porto-Foresti F, Artoni RF, Foresti F. B Chromosomes in Psalidodon scabripinnis (Characiformes, Characidae) Species Complex. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12172174. [PMID: 36077895 PMCID: PMC9454733 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary For more than a century, B chromosomes have been investigated in several eukaryotic species. These supernumerary genomic elements behave as parasites or provide fitness benefits to the hosts. They are mostly composed of repetitive DNA, but they also have protein-coding genes. B chromosomes are associated with differential gene expression and phenotypic effects. This makes them one of the most interesting genomic elements to investigate. Fish species of the Psalidodon genus harbor a great diversity of B chromosomes. Recent studies showed they share a common ancestor, persisting in the genus for a long time and enduring speciation processes. In the Psalidodon scabripinnis species complex, B chromosomes express their own genes, mostly related to cell cycle and gonad differentiation. Moreover, these B chromosomes are associated with functional effects, e.g., cell cycle extension. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding these elements in the P. scabripinnis species complex and propose a chromosome speciation model facilitated by the B chromosome manipulation of the cell machinery. Abstract B chromosomes are extra-genomic components of cells found in individuals and in populations of some eukaryotic organisms. They have been described since the first observations of chromosomes, but several aspects of their biology remain enigmatic. Despite being present in hundreds of fungi, plants, and animal species, only a small number of B chromosomes have been investigated through high-throughput analyses, revealing the remarkable mechanisms employed by these elements to ensure their maintenance. Populations of the Psalidodon scabripinnis species complex exhibit great B chromosome diversity, making them a useful material for various analyses. In recent years, important aspects of their biology have been revealed. Here, we review these studies presenting a comprehensive view of the B chromosomes in the P. scabripinnis complex and a new hypothesis regarding the role of the B chromosome in the speciation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duílio M. Z. A. Silva
- Laboratory of Biology and Genetics of Fishes, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-970, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - Jonathan P. Castro
- Post-Graduate Program in Evolutionary Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Department of Structural, Molecular and Genetic Biology, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR, Brazil
| | - Caio A. G. Goes
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University, Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Utsunomia
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University, Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Department of Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropedica 23890-000, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mateus R. Vidal
- Laboratory of Biology and Genetics of Fishes, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiano N. Nascimento
- Laboratory of Biology and Genetics of Fishes, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas F. Lasmar
- Laboratory of Biology and Genetics of Fishes, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabilene G. Paim
- Laboratory of Biology and Genetics of Fishes, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia B. Soares
- Laboratory of Biology and Genetics of Fishes, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudio Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biology and Genetics of Fishes, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio Porto-Foresti
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University, Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto F. Artoni
- Post-Graduate Program in Evolutionary Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Department of Structural, Molecular and Genetic Biology, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR, Brazil
| | - Fausto Foresti
- Laboratory of Biology and Genetics of Fishes, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-970, SP, Brazil
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Felicetti D, Haerter CAG, Baumgärtner L, Paiz LM, Takagui FH, Margarido VP, Blanco DR, Feldberg E, da Silva M, Lui RL. A New Variant B Chromosome in Auchenipteridae: The Role of (GATA)n and (TTAGGG)n Sequences in Understanding the Evolution of Supernumeraries in Trachelyopterus. Cytogenet Genome Res 2021; 161:70-81. [PMID: 33601372 DOI: 10.1159/000513107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Basic and molecular cytogenetic techniques were carried out in 3 Neotropical region populations of catfishes, two of Trachelyopterus galeatus (one from the marshlands of Paraguay River basin and another from Lago Catalão, Amazon River basin) and one of Trachelyopterus porosus, a sympatric population to T. galeatus from the Amazon River basin. This study aimed to describe and understand the structure and evolution of Trachelyopterus B chromosomes, mainly through physical mapping of repetitive elements. A diploid number of 58 chromosomes was found for all individuals, as well as the presence of B chromosomes. For T. porosus this is the first report of a supernumerary. The sympatric species of T. galeatus and T. porosus from Amazon River had 1-3 B chromosomes and T. galeatus from Paraguay River had 1-2 B chromosomes, all of them showed intra- and interindividual numerical variation. Two females of T. porosus exhibited a new variant B chromosome (B2), previously not seen in Auchenipteridae, which might have originated from B1 chromosomes. All B chromosomes were entirely heterochromatic. In contrast to all complement A and B2 chromosomes, in which the telomeric sequences were found in the telomeric regions, B1 chromosomes of all populations were totally marked by (TTAGGG)n probes. (GATA)n sequence sites were found through all complement A chromosomes, but B1 and B2 chromosomes exhibited only a clustered block in one of the chromosome arms. The most frequent B chromosomes (B1) in all populations/species, including those previously studied in Auchenipteridae catfishes, share the following characteristics: totally heterochromatic, small, metacentric, with accumulation of repetitive (TTAGGG)n sequences, and a low number of (GATA)n copies, which might suggest a common ancient origin in Trachelyopterus species/populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Felicetti
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Chrystian A G Haerter
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Lucas Baumgärtner
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Leonardo M Paiz
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Fábio H Takagui
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Vladimir P Margarido
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Daniel R Blanco
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Santa Helena, Brazil
| | - Eliana Feldberg
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Maelin da Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Roberto L Lui
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Brazil,
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Favarato RM, Braga Ribeiro L, Ota RP, Nakayama CM, Feldberg E. Cytogenetic Characterization of Two Metynnis Species (Characiformes, Serrasalmidae) Reveals B Chromosomes Restricted to the Females. Cytogenet Genome Res 2019; 158:38-45. [DOI: 10.1159/000499954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Karyotypes and chromosomal characteristics with focus on B chromosomes of 2 species of the serrasalmid genus Metynnis, namely M. lippincottianus and M. maculatus, were examined using conventional (C-banding) and molecular (FISH mapping of minor and major rDNAs and Rex1, Rex3, and Rex6 retrotransposable elements) protocols. Both species possessed a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 62 and karyotypes composed of 32 metacentric + 28 submetacentric + 2 subtelocentric and 32 metacentric + 26 submetacentric + 4 subtelocentric, respectively; one small B element was found in the female genome of M. lippincottianus. C-banding revealed heterochromatin in the pericentromeric and terminal portions of all chromosomes of both species; the B chromosome was entirely heterochromatic. FISH showed 18S rDNA sites in 2 chromosome pairs in both species (pairs 19 and 22), and a large block in the B chromosome, while 5S rDNA signals were detected in the first pair of subtelocentric chromosomes in both species, moreover in M. maculatus an additional labeled pair 4 was observed. Mapping of the Rex1, Rex3, and Rex6 retrotransposable elements in the genomes of M. lippincottianus and M. maculatus indicated that they were dispersed throughout nearly all the chromosomes of the complement, except for the B chromosome of M. lippincottianus.
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Perazzo GX, Noleto RB, Vicari MR, Gava A, Cestari MM. B chromosome polymorphism in South American cichlid. NEOTROPICAL BIODIVERSITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/23766808.2018.1429164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Bueno Noleto
- Department of Biology, State University of Paraná, União da Vitória, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Ricardo Vicari
- Department of Structural, Molecular and Genetical Biology, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Adriana Gava
- Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
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de A Silva DMZ, Daniel SN, Camacho JPM, Utsunomia R, Ruiz-Ruano FJ, Penitente M, Pansonato-Alves JC, Hashimoto DT, Oliveira C, Porto-Foresti F, Foresti F. Origin of B chromosomes in the genus Astyanax (Characiformes, Characidae) and the limits of chromosome painting. Mol Genet Genomics 2016; 291:1407-18. [PMID: 26984341 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-016-1195-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryote genomes are frequently burdened with the presence of supernumerary (B) chromosomes. Their origin is frequently investigated by chromosome painting, under the hypothesis that sharing the repetitive DNA sequences contained in the painting probes is a sign of common descent. However, the intragenomic mobility of many anonymous DNA sequences contained in these probes (e.g., transposable elements) adds high uncertainty to this conclusion. Here we test the validity of chromosome painting to investigate B chromosome origin by comparing its results for seven B chromosome types in two fish species genus Astyanax, with those obtained (1) by means of the physical mapping of 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA), H1 histone genes, the As51 satellite DNA and the (AC)15 microsatellite, and (2) by comparing the nucleotide sequence of one of these families (ITS regions from ribosomal DNA) between genomic DNA from B-lacking individuals in both species and the microdissected DNA from two metacentric B chromosomes found in these same species. Intra- and inter-specific painting suggested that all B chromosomes that were assayed shared homologous DNA sequences among them, as well as with a variable number of A chromosomes in each species. This finding would be consistent with a common origin for all seven B chromosomes analyzed. By contrast, the physical mapping of repetitive DNA sequences failed to give support to this hypothesis, as no more than two B-types shared a given repetitive DNA. Finally, sequence analysis of the ITS regions suggested that at least some of the B chromosomes could have had a common origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duílio M Z de A Silva
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Distrito de Rubião Junior, s/n, Botucatu, SP, 18618-970, Brazil.
| | - Sandro Natal Daniel
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Bauru., Bauru, SP, 17033-360, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Utsunomia
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Distrito de Rubião Junior, s/n, Botucatu, SP, 18618-970, Brazil
| | | | - Manolo Penitente
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Bauru., Bauru, SP, 17033-360, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Pansonato-Alves
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Distrito de Rubião Junior, s/n, Botucatu, SP, 18618-970, Brazil
| | - Diogo Teruo Hashimoto
- CAUNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus Jaboticabal, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Claudio Oliveira
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Distrito de Rubião Junior, s/n, Botucatu, SP, 18618-970, Brazil
| | - Fábio Porto-Foresti
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Bauru., Bauru, SP, 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Fausto Foresti
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Distrito de Rubião Junior, s/n, Botucatu, SP, 18618-970, Brazil
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Nishiyama PB, Vieira MMR, Porto FE, Borin LA, Portela-Castro ALB, Santos ICM. Karyotypic diversity among three species of the genus Astyanax (Characiformes: Characidae). BRAZ J BIOL 2016; 76:360-6. [PMID: 26934153 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.15414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The group Incertae sedis within the Characidae family currently includes 88 genera, previously included in the subfamily Tetragonopterinae. Among them is the genus Astyanax comprising a group of species with similar morphology and widely distributed in the Neotropics. Thus, the present study aimed to analyze the karyotype diversity in Astyanax species from different watersheds by conventional Giemsa staining, C-banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH rDNA 18S) probe.specimens of Astyanax aff. paranae belonging to the "scabripinnis complex", Astyanax asunsionensis and Astyanax aff. bimaculatus were analyzed". Two sympatric karyomorphs were observed in Astyanax.aff paranae, one of them having2n=48andthe other one with 2n=50 chromosomes. Other population of this same species also presented 2n=50 chromosomes, but differing in the karyotype formula and with macro supernumerary chromosome found in 100% of the cells in about 80%of females analyzed. Two population of A. asuncionensis and one population of Astyanax. aff. bimaculatus, also showed a diploid number of 50 chromosomes, but also differing in their karyotype formulas. Therefore, A. asuncionensis was also characterized by intraspecific chromosome diversity. The C-banding analysis was able to demonstrate a distinctable to demonstrate a distinct pattern of heterochromatin differing A. asuncionensis from Astyanax aff. paranae and Astyanax aff. bimaculatus. The supernumerary chromosome of Astyanax aff. paranae proved completely heterochromatic. Only Astyanax.aff. bimaculatus multiple showed multiple sites of nucleolar organizing regions. The other species were characterized by having a simple system of NOR. These data contributes to the know ledge of the existing biodiversity in our fish fauna, here highlighted by the inter- and intraspecific chromosomal diversity in the genus Astyanax.
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Affiliation(s)
- P B Nishiyama
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - M M R Vieira
- Unidade Universitária de Coxim, Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul, Coxim, MS, Brazil
| | - F E Porto
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Genética e Biologia Celular, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - L A Borin
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Genética e Biologia Celular, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - A L B Portela-Castro
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Genética e Biologia Celular, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - I C M Santos
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Genética e Biologia Celular, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
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7
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Molina WF, Martinez PA, Bertollo LAC, Bidau CJ. Preferential accumulation of sex and Bs chromosomes in biarmed karyotypes by meiotic drive and rates of chromosomal changes in fishes. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2015; 86:1801-12. [PMID: 25590717 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201420130489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of accumulation based on typical centromeric drive or of chromosomes carrying pericentric inversions are adjusted to the general karyotype differentiation in the principal Actinopterygii orders. Here, we show that meiotic drive in fish is also supported by preferential establishment of sex chromosome systems and B chromosomes in orders with predominantly bi-brachial chromosomes. The mosaic of trends acting at an infra-familiar level in fish could be explained as the interaction of the directional process of meiotic drive as background, modulated on a smaller scale by adaptive factors or specific karyotypic properties of each group, as proposed for the orthoselection model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagner F Molina
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brasil
| | - Pablo A Martinez
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brasil
| | - Luiz A C Bertollo
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - Claudio J Bidau
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Villa Regina, Argentina
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Barbosa P, de Oliveira LA, Pucci MB, Santos MH, Moreira-Filho O, Vicari MR, Nogaroto V, de Almeida MC, Artoni RF. Identification and chromosome mapping of repetitive elements in the Astyanax scabripinnis (Teleostei: Characidae) species complex. Genetica 2014; 143:55-62. [PMID: 25549800 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-014-9813-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Most part of the eukaryotic genome is composed of repeated sequences or multiple copies of DNA, which were considered as "junk DNA", and may be associated to the heterochromatin. In this study, three populations of Astyanax aff. scabripinnis from Brazilian rivers of Guaratinguetá and Pindamonhangaba (São Paulo) and a population from Maringá (Paraná) were analyzed concerning the localization of the nucleolar organizer regions (Ag-NORs), the As51 satellite DNA, the 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA), and the 5S rDNA. Repeated sequences were also isolated and identified by the Cot - 1 method, which indicated similarity (90%) with the LINE UnaL2 retrotransposon. The fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showed the retrotransposon dispersed and more concentrated markers in centromeric and telomeric chromosomal regions. These sequences were co-localized and interspaced with 18S and 5S rDNA and As51, confirmed by fiber-FISH essay. The B chromosome found in these populations pointed to a conspicuous hybridization with LINE probe, which is also co-located in As51 sequences. The NORs were active at unique sites of a homologous pair in the three populations. There were no evidences that transposable elements and repetitive DNA had influence in the transcriptional regulation of ribosomal genes in our analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Barbosa
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Evolutiva, Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Avenida Carlos Cavalcanti 4748, Ponta Grossa, PR, 84030-900, Brazil
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9
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Silva DMZDA, Pansonato-Alves JC, Utsunomia R, Araya-Jaime C, Ruiz-Ruano FJ, Daniel SN, Hashimoto DT, Oliveira C, Camacho JPM, Porto-Foresti F, Foresti F. Delimiting the origin of a B chromosome by FISH mapping, chromosome painting and DNA sequence analysis in Astyanax paranae (Teleostei, Characiformes). PLoS One 2014; 9:e94896. [PMID: 24736529 PMCID: PMC3988084 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Supernumerary (B) chromosomes have been shown to contain a wide variety of repetitive sequences. For this reason, fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) is a useful tool for ascertaining the origin of these genomic elements, especially when combined with painting from microdissected B chromosomes. In order to investigate the origin of B chromosomes in the fish species Astyanax paranae, these two approaches were used along with PCR amplification of specific DNA sequences obtained from the B chromosomes and its comparison with those residing in the A chromosomes. Remarkably, chromosome painting with the one-arm metacentric B chromosome probe showed hybridization signals on entire B chromosome, while FISH mapping revealed the presence of H1 histone and 18S rDNA genes symmetrically placed in both arms of the B chromosome. These results support the hypothesis that the B chromosome of A. paranae is an isochromosome. Additionally, the chromosome pairs Nos. 2 or 23 are considered the possible B chromosome ancestors since both contain syntenic H1 and 18S rRNA sequences. The analysis of DNA sequence fragments of the histone and rRNA genes obtained from the microdissected B chromosomes showed high similarity with those obtained from 0B individuals, which supports the intraspecific origin of B chromosomes in A. paranae. Finally, the population hereby analysed showed a female-biased B chromosome presence suggesting that B chromosomes in this species could influence sex determinism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duílio M. Z. de A. Silva
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Pansonato-Alves
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Utsunomia
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristian Araya-Jaime
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sandro Natal Daniel
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Bauru, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diogo Teruo Hashimoto
- CAUNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus Jaboticabal, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Oliveira
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio Porto-Foresti
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Bauru, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fausto Foresti
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Blanco DR, Vicari MR, Artoni RF, Traldi JB, Moreira-Filho O. Chromosomal characterization of armored catfish Harttia longipinna (Siluriformes, Loricariidae): first report of B chromosomes in the genus. Zoolog Sci 2012; 29:604-9. [PMID: 22943785 DOI: 10.2108/zsj.29.604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The B chromosomes are accessory elements that are widely distributed among eukaryotic genomes and often show non-Mendelian inheritance. They are considered dispensable for the growth, development, and reproduction of organisms. Some studies have suggested that these elements may affect sex determination. Harttia is a small armored catfish genus that shows sexual dimorphism, including hypertrophied odontodes on the pectoral fin spines and along the margins of the snout in mature males. They exhibit considerable karyotypic diversity with diploid number (2n) variation and heteromorphic sex system in H. carvalhoi. To date, no occurrences of B chromosomes in the Harttia genus were detected and no relation to sexual differentiation in Neotropical fish has been determined. To determine the validity of this claim, the present paper characterized specimens of Harttia longipinna by classical and molecular cytogenetic methods. The 2n found was 58 (16m + 12sm + 16st + 14a), but of the 50 specimens analyzed (30 male and 20 female), 23 specimens (16 males and seven females) show an intra-individual from 0 to 2 micro B chromosomes. The B chromosomes were completely heterochromatic. The single NORs were shown in the first acrocentric pair with silver staining and 18S rDNA probing. FISH performed with 5S rDNA probe showed a single cistron in the proximal region of the short arm of a small metacentric pair. Thus, the cytogenetic data obtained in this study of H. longipinna highlight the karyotypic diversity found within the genus Harttia, and represent the first description of B chromosomes for this genus.
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Lui RL, Blanco DR, Moreira-Filho O, Margarido VP. Propidium iodide for making heterochromatin more evident in the C-banding technique. Biotech Histochem 2012; 87:433-8. [PMID: 22747174 DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2012.696700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of regions of heterochromatin has been the subject of intense investigation. We investigated an adaptation of the commonly used technique by replacing the nonfluorescent dye, Giemsa, by a fluorescent one, propidium iodide. This adaptation produces greater contrast of the heterochromatic bands in metaphase chromosomes and can be especially valuable when the organisms studied possess heterochromatin that is pale and difficult to visualize. We discuss the interactions of these two dyes with DNA and the excitation of the fluorescent dye when irradiated with ultraviolet light.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Lui
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, Highway Washington Luís (SP 310) Km 235, CEP: 13565-905, São Carlos, Brazil
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Voltolin DTHTA, Paes ADNVDA, Foresti F, Bortolozzi J, Porto-Foresti F. Cytogenetic analysis of B chromosomes in one population of the fish Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae (Steindachner, 1907) (Teleostei, Characiformes). COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2012; 6:141-51. [PMID: 24260658 PMCID: PMC3833789 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v6i2.1769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize cytogenetically one population of the fish Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae (Steindachner, 1907), with emphasis on the analysis of B chromosomes. The nucleolar activity in the B microchromosomes was characterized, and an analysis of mitotic instability of these microchromosomes was accomplished. The results showed a diploid chromosome number of 50 chromosomes. In all individuals, we observed the presence of B microchromosomes with intra- and inter-individual variability. The analysis of the nucleolus organizing regions (NORs) by silver nitrate staining demonstrated multiple NORs. We observed active sites of ribosomal DNA in the B microchromosomes, with a frequency of 20% in the analyzed cells, which shows gene activity in these chromosomal elements. The analysis of constitutive heterochromatin patterns showed that the B microchromosomes are heterochromatic or euchromatic, which demonstrates differentiation of DNA composition between these genomic elements. The calculation of the mitotic instability index implied that B chromosomes in this species might be in a final stage of instability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fausto Foresti
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Dist. Rubião Júnior, 18618-000, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Jehud Bortolozzi
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Av. Eng. Luiz E. C. Coube, 17033-360, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio Porto-Foresti
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Av. Eng. Luiz E. C. Coube, 17033-360, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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13
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Garcia C, Oliveira C, Almeida-Toledo LF. Karyotypic evolution trends in Rhamdia quelen (Siluriformes, Heptapteridae) with considerations about the origin and differentiation of its supernumerary chromosomes. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2010; 9:365-84. [PMID: 20309823 DOI: 10.4238/vol9-1gmr750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Among catfish species of the genus Rhamdia reported for the Brazilian territory, R. quelen is the most widespread, being found in nearly all hydrographic basins of Brazil. Nowadays, R. quelen is a synonym for at least 47 other species in this genus, its taxonomic status still being controversial. The available cytogenetic reports show a wide variation in the karyotypic macrostructure, with the frequent presence of supernumerary chromosomes. The remarkable cytogenetic variability associated with taxonomic issues in this species indicates that R. quelen is actually a species complex. In order to carry out a wide comparative cytogenetic study in R. quelen from southern and southeastern Brazil and examine a species complex, we analyzed the chromosomes of 14 populations from the main hydrographic basins of these two regions. Using classic and molecular cytogenetic techniques, we found seven distinct karyotypic formulae, all bearing 2n = 58 chromosomes. Supernumerary chromosomes were present in most of the populations; their number, size and C-banding pattern allowed us to differentiate populations with similar karyotypic compositions. We examined patterns of chromosomal evolution as well as the probable mechanisms involved in the origin and morphological differentiation of their supernumerary chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Garcia
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
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First description of B chromosomes in the family Auchenipteridae, Parauchenipterus galeatus (Siluriformes) of the São Francisco River basin (MG, Brazil). Micron 2009; 40:552-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2009.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Revised: 03/25/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Hashimoto DT, Gonçalves VR, Bortolozzi J, Foresti F, Porto-Foresti F. First report of a B chromosome in a natural population of Astyanax altiparanae (Characiformes, Characidae). Genet Mol Biol 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572008000200021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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16
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Alves AL, Porto-Foresti F, Oliveira C, Foresti F. Supernumerary chromosomes in the pufferfish Sphoeroides spengleri: first occurrence in marine Teleostean Tetraodontiformes fish. Genet Mol Biol 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572008000200014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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17
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Molecular Cytogenetics of Blind Mexican Tetra and Comments on the Karyotypic Characteristics of GenusAstyanax(Teleostei, Characidae). Zebrafish 2007; 4:103-11. [DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2007.0504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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18
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Souza IL, Venere PC, Moreira-Filho O. Constitutive Heterochromatin and Ag-NOR Polymorphisms in the Small Characid Fish Astyanax scabripinnis (Jenyns, 1842). CYTOLOGIA 2007. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.72.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Issakar Lima Souza
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Campus Universitário do Médio Araguaia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso
| | - Paulo César Venere
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Campus Universitário do Médio Araguaia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso
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Fernandes CA, Martins-Santos IC. Sympatric occurrence of three cytotypes and four morphological types of B chromosomes of Astyanax scabripinnis (Pisces, Characiformes) in the River Ivaí Basin, state of Paraná, Brazil. Genetica 2005; 124:301-6. [PMID: 16134341 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-005-4751-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomes of Astyanax scabripinnis from the Tatupeba stream, Ivaí Basin (state of Paraná, Brazil), were analyzed. Astyanax scabripinnis population presents 3 different diploid numbers (2n = 46, 48 and 50) and B chromosomes in each cytotype. Eighty per cent of the females among individuals of cytotype I (2n = 50) has a metacentric B macrochromosome, whereas three different types of B chromosomes were identified in individuals of cytotype II (2n = 48). Cytotype III (2n = 46) showed two B chromosomes of different morphologic types (metacentric macrochromosomes and acrocentric) in all specimens and cells analyzed. Constitutive heterochromatin pattern for the three cytotypes showed weak markings in centromeric regions and conspicuous blocks in the telomere regions of ST and A chromosomes. Whereas C-banding showed that B chromosomes were totally or partially heterochromatic, a discussion on their behavior and origin was also undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alexandre Fernandes
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.
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Feldberg E, Porto JIR, Alves-Brinn MN, Mendonça MNC, Benzaquem DC. B chromosomes in Amazonian cichlid species. Cytogenet Genome Res 2005; 106:195-8. [PMID: 15292591 DOI: 10.1159/000079287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2003] [Accepted: 02/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
B chromosomes are reported in three different Amazonian cichlid species. One to three supernumerary microchromosomes were detected in the peacock bass Cichla monoculus (4 out of 28 specimens) and Cichla sp. (4 out of 13 specimens), and pike cichlids Crenicichla reticulata (2 out of 5 specimens), with no similar standard chromosomal morphology. C-banding revealed that B chromosomes are totally heterochromatic. We suggest two scenarios for the origin of these B chromosomes either by chromosomal breakdowns due to mutagenic action of methyl mercury present in the aquatic environment or by interspecific origin due to hybridization events.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Feldberg
- INPA, Coordenação de Pesquisas em Biologia Aquática, Laboratório de Genética de Peixes, Manaus, Brazil
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Fazoli LC, Silva VDABD, Portela-Castro ALDB, Júlio Júnior HF. Chromosome Characterization of Astyanax sp B (Characidae, Tetragonopterinae), an Endemic Species of the Iguaçu River, Paraná, Brazil. CYTOLOGIA 2003. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.68.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Fernandes CA, Martins-Santos IC. Cytogenetic Characterization of Two Populations of Astyanax scabripinnis (Pisces,Characiformes) of the Ivai Basin PR Brazil. CYTOLOGIA 2003. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.68.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Garcia C, Moreira-Filho O, Bertollo LAC, Centofante L. B Chromosomes and Natural Triploidy in Rhamdia sp. (Pisces, Siluriformes, Heptapteridae). CYTOLOGIA 2003. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.68.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Garcia
- Depto. Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | | | - Liano Centofante
- Depto. Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Brazil
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