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Glanemann B, Humm K, Abreu M, Aspinall S, Buckeridge D, Carveth H, Darcy H, Florey J, Frowde P, Gajanayake I, Green K, Holmes E, Hrovat A, Jasensky A, Jones BA, Lantzaki V, Lo EJY, MacDonald K, O'Brien K, Suárez‐Bonnet A, Van den Steen N, Szladovits B, Willems A, Wilson H. Clinical and clinicopathological features and outcomes of cats with suspected dietary induced pancytopenia. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:126-132. [PMID: 36609843 PMCID: PMC9889603 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND After a strong epidemiological link to diet was established in an outbreak of pancytopenia in cats in spring 2021 in the United Kingdom, 3 dry diets were recalled. Concentrations of the hemato- and myelotoxic mycotoxins T-2, HT-2 and diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) greater than the European Commission guidance for dry cat foods were detected in the recalled diets. OBJECTIVES To describe clinical and clinicopathological findings in cats diagnosed with suspected diet induced pancytopenia. ANIMALS Fifty cats presenting with pancytopenia after exposure to a recalled diet. METHODS Multicenter retrospective case series study. Cats with known exposure to 1 of the recalled diets were included if presented with bi- or pancytopenia and underwent bone marrow examination. RESULTS Case fatality rate was 78%. Bone marrow aspirates and biopsy examination results were available in 23 cats; 19 cats had a bone marrow aspirate, and 8 cats had a biopsy core, available for examination. Bone marrow hypo to aplasia-often affecting all cell lines-was the main feature in all 31 available core specimens. A disproportionately pronounced effect on myeloid and megakaryocytic cells was observed in 19 cats. Myelofibrosis or bone marrow necrosis was not a feature. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Mycotoxin induced pancytopenia should be considered as differential diagnosis in otherwise healthy cats presenting with bi- or pancytopenia and bone marrow hypo- to aplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Glanemann
- Department of Clinical Science and ServicesRoyal Veterinary CollegeHatfieldUK
| | - Karen Humm
- Department of Clinical Science and ServicesRoyal Veterinary CollegeHatfieldUK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Emma Holmes
- Department of Pathobiology and Population SciencesRoyal Veterinary CollegeHatfieldUK
| | | | | | - Bryn A Jones
- Anderson Moores Veterinary SpecialistsWinchesterUK
| | - Vasiliki Lantzaki
- School of Veterinary MedicineSmall Animal Hospital, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | | | | | - Kevin O'Brien
- Department of Pathobiology and Population SciencesRoyal Veterinary CollegeHatfieldUK
| | | | | | - Balazs Szladovits
- Department of Pathobiology and Population SciencesRoyal Veterinary CollegeHatfieldUK
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Wu D, Li S, Li P, Jiang A, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Wang J, Yang Z, Wei Z. Diacetoxyscirpenol-induced heterophil extracellular traps contribute to the immune toxicity of liver injury in chickens. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 148:111926. [PMID: 33352262 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) is one kind of type A trichothecene mycotoxin which produced by Fusarium species which contaminates agricultural crops and food. DAS attracts particular attention because of the strong toxicity. Heterophil extracellular traps (HETs) is a defense mechanism in the chicken innate immune. In this study, we firstly examine the effects and molecular mechanisms of DAS on HETs release, and then investigate the immune toxicity of DAS-induced HETs on chicken liver. HETs structures were observed by immunofluorescence staining and mechanisms were investigated by fluorescence microplate and Western blot. The results showed DAS triggered HETs formation which consists of chromatin decorated with citrullinated histone 3 (citH3) and elastase. Glycolysis was confirmed to be involved in this process and the inhibitors of NADPH oxidase, ERK1/2, p38 MAPK-signaling pathways and glycolysis significantly decreased HETs formation. Moreover, investigation in vivo showed DAS significantly increased HETs formation in serum and DNase I (a standard degradative agent of HETs) significantly decreased the ALT and AST levels and ameliorated DAS-caused inflammatory cell infiltration of liver. In conclusion, this study proves that DAS-induced HETs formation plays an immune toxicity role in chicken liver injury and these results provide a new therapeutic target for DAS-induced liver injury in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, Guangdong Province, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Shuangqiu Li
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, Guangdong Province, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Peixuan Li
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Aimin Jiang
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, Guangdong Province, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Ziyi Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, Guangdong Province, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, Guangdong Province, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Zhengtao Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhengkai Wei
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, Guangdong Province, China.
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Tran VN, Viktorova J, Augustynkova K, Jelenova N, Dobiasova S, Rehorova K, Fenclova M, Stranska-Zachariasova M, Vitek L, Hajslova J, Ruml T. In Silico and In Vitro Studies of Mycotoxins and Their Cocktails; Their Toxicity and Its Mitigation by Silibinin Pre-Treatment. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E148. [PMID: 32121188 PMCID: PMC7150870 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12030148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins found in randomly selected commercial milk thistle dietary supplement were evaluated for their toxicity in silico and in vitro. Using in silico methods, the basic physicochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological properties of the mycotoxins were predicted using ACD/Percepta. The in vitro cytotoxicity of individual mycotoxins was determined in mouse macrophage (RAW 264.7), human hepatoblastoma (HepG2), and human embryonic kidney (HEK 293T) cells. In addition, we studied the bioavailability potential of mycotoxins and silibinin utilizing an in vitro transwell system with differentiated human colon adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) simulating mycotoxin transfer through the intestinal epithelial barrier. The IC50 values for individual mycotoxins in studied cells were in the biologically relevant ranges as follows: 3.57-13.37 nM (T-2 toxin), 5.07-47.44 nM (HT-2 toxin), 3.66-17.74 nM (diacetoxyscirpenol). Furthermore, no acute toxicity was obtained for deoxynivalenol, beauvericin, zearalenone, enniatinENN-A, enniatin-A1, enniatin-B, enniatin-B1, alternariol, alternariol-9-methyl ether, tentoxin, and mycophenolic acid up to the 50 nM concentration. The acute toxicity of these mycotoxins in binary combinations exhibited antagonistic effects in the combinations of T-2 with DON, ENN-A1, or ENN-B, while the rest showed synergistic or additive effects. Silibinin had a significant protective effect against both the cytotoxicity of three mycotoxins (T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, DAS) and genotoxicity of AME, AOH, DON, and ENNs on HEK 293T. The bioavailability results confirmed that AME, DAS, ENN-B, TEN, T-2, and silibinin are transported through the epithelial cell layer and further metabolized. The bioavailability of silibinin is very similar to mycotoxins poor penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Nguyen Tran
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.N.T.); (J.V.); (K.A.); (N.J.); (S.D.); (K.R.)
| | - Jitka Viktorova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.N.T.); (J.V.); (K.A.); (N.J.); (S.D.); (K.R.)
| | - Katerina Augustynkova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.N.T.); (J.V.); (K.A.); (N.J.); (S.D.); (K.R.)
| | - Nikola Jelenova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.N.T.); (J.V.); (K.A.); (N.J.); (S.D.); (K.R.)
| | - Simona Dobiasova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.N.T.); (J.V.); (K.A.); (N.J.); (S.D.); (K.R.)
| | - Katerina Rehorova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.N.T.); (J.V.); (K.A.); (N.J.); (S.D.); (K.R.)
| | - Marie Fenclova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (M.F.); (M.S.-Z.); (J.H.)
| | - Milena Stranska-Zachariasova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (M.F.); (M.S.-Z.); (J.H.)
| | - Libor Vitek
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Katerinska 32, 12108 Prague 2, Czech Republic;
- Faculty General Hospital, U Nemocnice 2, 12808 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hajslova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (M.F.); (M.S.-Z.); (J.H.)
| | - Tomas Ruml
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.N.T.); (J.V.); (K.A.); (N.J.); (S.D.); (K.R.)
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Daud N, Currie V, Duncan G, Busman M, Gratz SW. Intestinal hydrolysis and microbial biotransformation of diacetoxyscirpenol-α-glucoside, HT-2-β-glucoside and N-(1-deoxy-d-fructos-1-yl) fumonisin B1 by human gut microbiota in vitro. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2019; 71:540-548. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2019.1698015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noshin Daud
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Valerie Currie
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Gary Duncan
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Knutsen HK, Alexander J, Barregård L, Bignami M, Brüschweiler B, Ceccatelli S, Cottrill B, Dinovi M, Grasl-Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom LR, Nebbia CS, Oswald IP, Petersen A, Rose M, Roudot AC, Schwerdtle T, Vleminckx C, Vollmer G, Wallace H, De Saeger S, Eriksen GS, Farmer P, Fremy JM, Gong YY, Meyer K, Parent-Massin D, van Egmond H, Altieri A, Colombo P, Horváth Z, Levorato S, Edler L. Risk to human and animal health related to the presence of 4,15-diacetoxyscirpenol in food and feed. EFSA J 2018; 16:e05367. [PMID: 32626015 PMCID: PMC7009455 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
4,15‐Diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) is a mycotoxin primarily produced by Fusarium fungi and occurring predominantly in cereal grains. As requested by the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) assessed the risk of DAS to human and animal health related to its presence in food and feed. Very limited information was available on toxicity and on toxicokinetics in experimental and farm animals. Due to the limitations in the available data set, human acute and chronic health‐based guidance values (HBGV) were established based on data obtained in clinical trials of DAS as an anticancer agent (anguidine) after intravenous administration to cancer patients. The CONTAM Panel considered these data as informative for the hazard characterisation of DAS after oral exposure. The main adverse effects after acute and repeated exposure were emesis, with a no‐observed‐adverse‐effect level (NOAEL) of 32 μg DAS/kg body weight (bw), and haematotoxicity, with a NOAEL of 65 μg DAS/kg bw, respectively. An acute reference dose (ARfD) of 3.2 μg DAS/kg bw and a tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 0.65 μg DAS/kg bw were established. Based on over 15,000 occurrence data, the highest acute and chronic dietary exposures were estimated to be 0.8 and 0.49 μg DAS/kg bw per day, respectively, and were not of health concern for humans. The limited information for poultry, pigs and dogs indicated a low risk for these animals at the estimated DAS exposure levels under current feeding practices, with the possible exception of fattening chicken. Assuming similar or lower sensitivity than for poultry, the risk was considered overall low for other farm and companion animal species for which no toxicity data were available. In consideration of the similarities of several trichothecenes and the likelihood of co‐exposure via food and feed, it could be appropriate to perform a cumulative risk assessment for this group of substances.
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6
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Yang S, De Boevre M, Zhang H, De Ruyck K, Sun F, Wang Z, Cao X, Shen J, De Saeger S, Zhang S. Unraveling the in vitro and in vivo metabolism of diacetoxyscirpenol in various animal species and human using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time-of-flight hybrid mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:8571-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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7
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Assessment of genotoxic potential of two mycotoxins in the wing spot test of Drosophila melanogaster. Toxicol Ind Health 2013; 31:261-7. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233712472528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins, the toxic products of molds, exposure causes serious adverse health problems in human, animals, and crops. Determining the potential genotoxic effects of these substances is, therefore, of great importance. We have evaluated the genotoxic toxicity of two trichothecenes – diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) and T-2 toxin – using the wing somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster. The SMART is based on the principle that the loss of heterozygosis of recessive markers located on the left arm of chromosome 3 – multiple wing hairs ( mwh) at the map position 0.3 and flare-3 ( flr3) at the map position 38.8 – may occur through various mechanisms such as mitotic recombination, mutation, deletion, half-translocation, chromosome loss, and nondisjunction. Both the mycotoxins were administered to third instar larvae (72 ± 4 h old) at concentrations ranging from 5 to 40 μM. Based on our results, DAS and T-2 toxins does not exert genotoxic effects up to a concentration of 40 μM.
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8
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Ficheux AS, Sibiril Y, Parent-Massin D. Co-exposure of Fusarium mycotoxins: in vitro myelotoxicity assessment on human hematopoietic progenitors. Toxicon 2012; 60:1171-9. [PMID: 22921581 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins such as beauvericin (BEA), deoxynivalenol (DON), enniatin B (ENB), fumonisin B1 (FB1), T-2 toxin and zearalenone (ZEA) can co-occur in food commodities. This aim of this study was to assess the myelotoxicity of these mycotoxins in couple using in vitro human granulo-monocytic (Colony Forming Unit-Granulocyte and Macrophage, CFU-GM) hematopoietic progenitors. Clonogenic assays have been performed in the presence of the following couples of fusariotoxins: DON + BEA, DON + FB1, DON + T-2, DON + ZEA, T-2 + ZEA and BEA + ENB. Co-exposure of human CFU-GM to DON + BEA resulted in synergic myelotoxic effects. The combination of DON + T-2 presented additive or synergic myelotoxic effects. The couples DON + ZEA, T-2 + ZEA and BEA + ENB had additive myelotoxic effects, while the combination of DON + FB1 showed antagonist myelotoxic effects. These in vitro results suggested that the simultaneous presence of mycotoxins in food commodities and diet may be more myelotoxic than the presence of one mycotoxin alone. Diminution of hematopoietic progenitors could give rise to a decrease number of mature blood cells, inducing agranulocytosis and/or thrombocytopenia and in severe cases aplastic anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Ficheux
- Laboratoire d'Evaluation du Risque Chimique pour le Consommateur-LERCCo, Université Européenne de Bretagne-Université de Bretagne Occidentale-UEB-UBO, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 6 Av. Victor Le Gorgeu, CS 93837, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
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9
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Ficheux A, Sibiril Y, Le Garrec R, Parent-Massin D. In vitro myelotoxicity assessment of the emerging mycotoxins Beauvericin, Enniatin b and Moniliformin on human hematopoietic progenitors. Toxicon 2012; 59:182-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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10
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Hymery N, Sibiril Y, Parent-Massin D. In vitro effects of trichothecenes on human dendritic cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2006; 20:899-909. [PMID: 16517116 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2006.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2005] [Revised: 01/13/2006] [Accepted: 01/16/2006] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the in vitro effects of trichothecenes on human dendritic cells. Trichothecenes are mycotoxins produced by fungi such as Fusarium, Myrothecium, and Stachybotrys. Two aspects have been explored in this work: the cytotoxicity of trichothecenes on immature dendritic cells to determine IC 50 (inhibition concentration), and the effects of trichothecenes on dendritic cell maturation process. Two mycotoxins (T-2 and DON) known to be immunotoxic have been tested on a model of monocyte-derived dendritic cells culture. Cytotoxic effects of T-2 toxin and DON on immature dendritic cells showed that DON is less potent than T-2 toxin. The exposure to trichothecenes during dendritic cell maturation upon addition of LPS or TNF-alpha markedly inhibited the up-regulation of maturation markers such as CD-86, HLA-DR and CCR7. Features of LPS or TNF-alpha -mediated maturation of dendritic cells, such as IL-10 and IL-12 secretions and endocytosis, were also impaired in response to trichothecenes treatment. These results suggest trichothecenes have adverse effects on dendritic cells and dendritic cell maturation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hymery
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie Alimentaire, EA 3880 Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Technopôle Brest-Iroise 29280 Plouzané, France
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Abstract
Human toxicosis induced by consumption of foodstuffs contaminated with trichothecenes presents one common major symptom: a haematological perturbation manifesting principally as thrombocytopenia and leukopenia. The patients have rapidly progressing coagulation problems, and compromised resistance to infections. Consequently, they are subject to septicaemia and massive haemorrhages. In horses, cattle, poultry, cats, mice and guinea pigs, subacute and subchronic ingestion of trichothecenes causes a decrease of circulating blood cells frequently associated with bone marrow failure. The origins of haematological effects observed in Fusarium toxin intoxications have been elucidated using in vitro tests. Haematopoietic progenitors are the main target of trichothecenes. Deoxynivalenol (DON) is the least myelotoxic and T-2 the most. As circulating blood cells present a less important sensitivity to these toxins, haematological troubles observed in toxicosis are due to myelotoxicity of these toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Parent-Massin
- Laboratory of Food Toxicology (EA), ESMISAB, West Brittany University, Technopole Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France
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12
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Froquet R, Sibiril Y, Parent-Massin D. Trichothecene toxicity on human megakaryocyte progenitors (CFU-MK). Hum Exp Toxicol 2001; 20:84-9. [PMID: 11327514 DOI: 10.1191/096032701677428611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Trichothecenes are mycotoxins produced by various species of fungi, which can occur on various agricultural products. Among these compounds, T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) and deoxynivalenol (DON) are the most naturally encountered and the most potent trichothecenes. Consumption of trichothecene contaminated foods by farm animals and humans leads to mycotoxicosis. Trichothecenes are known to induce haematological disorders such as neutropenia, aplastic anemia and thrombocytopenia in humans and animals. Four trichothecenes, T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, DAS and DON have been tested on human platelet progenitors (CFU-MK) using a culture model of CFU-MK optimized for toxicological studies. Trichothecenes cause, at low concentrations, cytotoxic effects in megakaryocyte progenitors, which could induce thrombocytopenia. Sensitivity of human CFU-MK is compared to respective sensitivities of human red blood cell progenitors (BFU-E) and white blood cell progenitors (CF-U-GM) that were described in previous works.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Froquet
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Sécurité Alimentaire, Ecole Supérieure de Microbiologie et Sécurité Alimentaire de Brest, ISAMOR, Plouzané, France
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13
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Hassanane M, Abdalla E, El-Fiky S, Amer M, Hamdy A. Mutagenicity of the mycotoxin diacetoxyscirpenol on somatic and germ cells of mice. Mycotoxin Res 2000; 16:53-64. [PMID: 23605287 DOI: 10.1007/bf02946105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Genotoxicity of diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) was studied on laboratory mice after intraperitoneal injection with single and repeated doses. DAS was administrated at three different dose levels (0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 mg/kg body weight). The study was conducted on both somatic and germ cells additional to the sperm morphology analysis. DAS treatment resulted in a significant reduction (P<0.01) in mitotic activity at all levels of doses tested, confirming that DAS is a potent protein and DNA synthesis inhibitor. At somatic cells (bone marrow) both structural and numerical chromosome abnormalities were observed. Single dose treatment showed significant abnormalities only with high dose treatment. In contrast, at repeated dose similar abnormalities were also observed with some significance but no systematic relation between the administrated dose and abnormalities ratio could be settled. In germ cells (testicles), structural and numerical abnormalities were also observed. In general, the frequencies of scored abnormalities at germ cells were lower than that the somatic cells. Sperm count test revealed a decrease in the number of released sperm after toxin treatment. Abnormalities of sperm shape (head and tail) were observed, confirming the positive correlation between cytogenetic damage and sperm abnormality.The results also proved that DAS is a very toxic mycotoxin, in addition to inducing chromosomal abnormalities, it causes a severe inhibition of DNA synthesis which subsequently affects the cell cycle and cell division. A good system for good harvesting practice and good food technology can lower the risk for the consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hassanane
- Cell biology Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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