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Hirose-Ikeda M, Chu B, Zhao P, Akil O, Escalante E, Vergnes L, Cepeda C, Espinosa-Jeffrey A. Trophic factors are essential for the survival of grafted oligodendrocyte progenitors and for neuroprotection after perinatal excitotoxicity. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:557-568. [PMID: 31571668 PMCID: PMC6921341 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.266066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The consequences of neonatal white matter injury are devastating and represent a major societal problem as currently there is no cure. Prematurity, low weight birth and maternal pre-natal infection are the most frequent causes of acquired myelin deficiency in the human neonate leading to cerebral palsy and cognitive impairment. In the developing brain, oligodendrocyte (OL) maturation occurs perinatally, and immature OLs are particularly vulnerable. Cell replacement therapy is often considered a viable option to replace progenitors that die due to glutamate excitotoxicity. We previously reported directed specification and mobilization of endogenous committed and uncommitted neural progenitors by the combination of transferrin and insulin growth factor 1 (TSC1). Here, considering cell replacement and integration as therapeutic goals, we examined if OL progenitors (OLPs) grafted into the brain parenchyma of mice that were subjected to an excitotoxic insult could rescue white matter injury. For that purpose, we used a well-established model of glutamate excitotoxic injury. Four-day-old mice received a single intraparenchymal injection of the glutamate receptor agonist N-methyl-D-aspartate alone or in conjunction with TSC1 in the presence or absence of OLPs grafted into the brain parenchyma. Energetics and expression of stress proteins and OL developmental specific markers were examined. A comparison of the proteomic profile per treatment was also ascertained. We found that OLPs did not survive in the excitotoxic environment when grafted alone. In contrast, when combined with TSC1, survival and integration of grafted OLPs was observed. Further, energy metabolism in OLPs was significantly increased by N-methyl-D-aspartate and modulated by TSC1. The proteomic profile after the various treatments showed elevated ubiquitination and stress/heat shock protein 90 in response to N-methyl-D-aspartate. These changes were reversed in the presence of TSC1 and ubiquitination was decreased. The results obtained in this pre-clinical study indicate that the use of a combinatorial intervention including both trophic support and healthy OLPs constitutes a promising approach for long-term survival and successful graft integration. We established optimal conditioning of the host brain environment to promote long-term survival and integration of grafted OLPs into an inflamed neonate host brain. Experimental procedures were performed under the United States Public Health Service Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and were approved by the Institutional Animal Care Committee at (UCLA) (ARC #1992-034-61) on July 1, 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Hirose-Ikeda
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Departments of Neurobiology, Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brian Chu
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Departments of Neurobiology, Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paul Zhao
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Departments of Neurobiology, Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Omar Akil
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Departments of Neurobiology, Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elida Escalante
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Departments of Neurobiology, Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Laurent Vergnes
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carlos Cepeda
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Departments of Neurobiology, Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Araceli Espinosa-Jeffrey
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Departments of Neurobiology, Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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White matter loss in a mouse model of periventricular leukomalacia is rescued by trophic factors. Brain Sci 2013; 3:1461-82. [PMID: 24961618 PMCID: PMC4061895 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci3041461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is the most frequent cause of cerebral palsy and other intellectual disabilities, and currently there is no treatment. In PVL, glutamate excitotoxicity (GME) leads to abnormal oligodendrocytes (OLs), myelin deficiency, and ventriculomegaly. We have previously identified that the combination of transferrin and insulin growth factors (TSC1) promotes endogenous OL regeneration and remyelination in the postnatal and adult rodent brain. Here, we produced a periventricular white matter lesion with a single intracerebral injection of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA). Comparing lesions produced by NMDA alone and those produced by NMDA + TSC1 we found that: NMDA affected survival and reduced migration of OL progenitors (OLPs). In contrast, mice injected with NMDA + TSC1 proliferated twice as much indicating that TSC1 supported regeneration of the OLP population after the insult. Olig2-mRNA expression showed 52% OLP survival in mice receiving a NMDA injection and increased to 78% when TSC1 + NMDA were injected simultaneously and ventricular size was reduced by TSC1. Furthermore, in striatal slices TSC1 reduced the inward currents induced by NMDA in medium-sized spiny neurons, demonstrating neuroprotection. Thus, white matter loss after excitotoxicity can be partially rescued as TSC1 conferred neuroprotection to preexisting OLP and regeneration via OLP proliferation. Furthermore, we showed that early TSC1 administration maximizes neuroprotection.
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Kim SU. Regenerative Medicine in the Central Nervous System: Stem Cell-Based Cell- and Gene-Therapy. Regen Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5690-8_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Costa C, Comabella M, Montalban X. [Stem cell-based treatment of neurologic diseases]. Med Clin (Barc) 2012; 139:208-14. [PMID: 22361347 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2011.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic strategies based on stem cells are being increasingly used to treat a wide range of neurological diseases. Although these strategies were initially designed to replace dead cells in injured tissue, the potential of stem cells to migrate, secrete trophic factors, and immunomodulate allows their therapeutic use as a vehicle for gene therapy, as in Parkinson's disease, or as immunomodulators and neuroprotectors in diseases such as multiple sclerosis. This review will focus on current clinical and experimental evidence on the treatment of neurological disorders with strategies based on stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carme Costa
- Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clinica, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (CEM-Cat), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Regenerative Medicine in the Central Nervous System: Stem Cell-Based Gene-Therapy. Regen Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-9075-1_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Espinosa-Jeffrey A, Hitoshi S, Zhao P, Awosika O, Agbo C, Olaniyan E, Garcia J, Valera R, Thomassian A, Chang-Wei R, Yamaguchi M, de Vellis J, Ikenaka K. Functional central nervous system myelin repair in an adult mouse model of demyelination caused by proteolipid protein overexpression. J Neurosci Res 2010; 88:1682-94. [PMID: 20127853 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Two types of interventions to remyelinate the adult demyelinated central nervous system were investigated in heterozygous transgenic mice overexpressing the proteolipid protein gene. 1) A cocktail of trophic factors, "TS1," was directed toward the activation of the endogenous pool of neural progenitors to increase the number of myelinating oligodendrocytes (OL) in the brain. 2) A combinatorial approach in which OL progenitors were coinjected with TS1 into the corpus callosum of wild-type and He4e transgenic mice that displayed hindlimb paralysis. The levels of locomotor ability in these mice were evaluated after a single treatment. The data showed that a single administration of either one of the interventions had similar therapeutic effects, alleviating the symptoms of demyelination and leading to the recovery of hindlimb function. Histological and immunofluorescent examination of brain sections showed extensive remyelination that was sufficient to reverse hindlimb paralysis in transgenic mice. When the interventions were administered prior to hindlimb paralysis, He4e mice were able to walk up to 1 year of age without paralysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Espinosa-Jeffrey
- IDDRCsp, Semel Institute for Neuroscience, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Kim SU, de Vellis J. Stem cell-based cell therapy in neurological diseases: a review. J Neurosci Res 2009; 87:2183-200. [PMID: 19301431 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis (MS), stroke, and spinal cord injury are caused by a loss of neurons and glial cells in the brain or spinal cord. Cell replacement therapy and gene transfer to the diseased or injured brain have provided the basis for the development of potentially powerful new therapeutic strategies for a broad spectrum of human neurological diseases. However, the paucity of suitable cell types for cell replacement therapy in patients suffering from neurological disorders has hampered the development of this promising therapeutic approach. In recent years, neurons and glial cells have successfully been generated from stem cells such as embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and neural stem cells, and extensive efforts by investigators to develop stem cell-based brain transplantation therapies have been carried out. We review here notable experimental and preclinical studies previously published involving stem cell-based cell and gene therapies for Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, ALS, Alzheimer's disease, MS, stroke, spinal cord injury, brain tumor, and lysosomal storage diseases and discuss the future prospects for stem cell therapy of neurological disorders in the clinical setting. There are still many obstacles to be overcome before clinical application of cell therapy in neurological disease patients is adopted: 1) it is still uncertain what kind of stem cells would be an ideal source for cellular grafts, and 2) the mechanism by which transplantation of stem cells leads to an enhanced functional recovery and structural reorganization must to be better understood. Steady and solid progress in stem cell research in both basic and preclinical settings should support the hope for development of stem cell-based cell therapies for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung U Kim
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, UBC Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Givogri MI, Galbiati F, Fasano S, Amadio S, Perani L, Superchi D, Morana P, Del Carro U, Marchesini S, Brambilla R, Wrabetz L, Bongarzone E. Oligodendroglial progenitor cell therapy limits central neurological deficits in mice with metachromatic leukodystrophy. J Neurosci 2006; 26:3109-19. [PMID: 16554462 PMCID: PMC6674100 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4366-05.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This work describes the first successful oligodendrocyte-based cell therapy for presymptomatic arylsulfatase A (ARSA) null neonate mice, a murine model for human metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD). We found that oligodendrocyte progenitors (OLPs) engrafted and survived into adulthood when transplanted in the neonatal MLD brain. Transplanted cells integrated nondisruptively, did not produce tumors, and survived as proteolipid protein- and MBP-positive postmitotic myelinating oligodendrocytes (OLs) intermingled with endogenous MLD OLs within the adult MLD white matter. Transplanted MLD mice had reduced sulfatide accumulation in the CNS, increased brain ARSA activity, and full prevention of the electrophysiological and motor deficits that characterize untreated MLD mice. Our results provide direct evidence that healthy OLPs can tolerate the neurotoxic accumulation of sulfatides that evolves during the postnatal development of the MLD brain and contribute to OL cell replacement to limit the accumulation of sulfatides and the evolution of CNS defects in this lysosomal storage disease mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I Givogri
- Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
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Tepavcević V, Blakemore WF. Glial grafting for demyelinating disease. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2006; 360:1775-95. [PMID: 16147541 PMCID: PMC1569542 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2005.1700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Remyelination of demyelinated central nervous system (CNS) axons is considered as a potential treatment for multiple sclerosis, and it has been achieved in experimental models of demyelination by transplantation of pro-myelinating cells. However, the experiments undertaken have not addressed the need for tissue-type matching in order to achieve graft-mediated remyelination since they were performed in conditions in which the chance for graft rejection was minimized. This article focuses on the factors determining survival of allogeneic oligodendrocyte lineage cells and their contribution to the remyelination of demyelinating CNS lesions. The immune status of the CNS as well as the suitability of different models of demyelination for graft rejection studies are discussed, and ways of enhancing allogeneic oligodendrocyte-mediated remyelination are presented. Finally, the effects of glial graft rejection on host remyelination are described, highlighting the potential benefits of the acute CNS inflammatory response for myelin repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Tepavcević
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, MS Society Cambridge Centre for Myelin Repair, Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair, UK.
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