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Goyon A, Masui C, Sirois LE, Han C, Yehl P, Gosselin F, Zhang K. Achiral-Chiral Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography Platform to Support Automated High-Throughput Experimentation in the Field of Drug Development. Anal Chem 2020; 92:15187-15193. [PMID: 33142065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Automated high-throughput experimentation (HTE) is a powerful tool for scientists to explore and optimize chemical transformations by simultaneously screening yield, stereoselectivity, and impurity profiles. To analyze the HTE samples, high-throughput analysis (HTA) platforms must be fast, accurate, generic, and specific at the same time. A large amount of high-quality data is critical for the success of machine learning models in the era of big data. Conventional chiral liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) HTE methods are hampered by compound co-eluting, possible ion suppression, and limited chiral column lifetime in the presence of crude reaction mixtures or complex sample matrices. To overcome these limitations, a generic and fast achiral-chiral heart-cutting two-dimensional (2D)-LC method has been developed to determine both the yield and stereoselectivity of chemical transformations within a 10 min run time. Successful implementation of the 2D-LC HTA platform in a routine drug development environment was achieved for real-world project support, with the analysis so far of over 2000 reaction mixtures prepared in the 96-well plate format. Excellent performance of the method was demonstrated by relative standard deviation (RSD) lower than 0.83% for the 1D and 2D retention times, and determination coefficients higher than 0.99. The presented HTA 2D-LC platform has had a significant impact on drug development by analyzing the HTE samples rapidly with unambiguous peak tracking and providing a robust approach for accurately generating a large amount of high-quality data in a short time.
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Iguiniz M, Heinisch S. Two-dimensional liquid chromatography in pharmaceutical analysis. Instrumental aspects, trends and applications. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 145:482-503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Thompson R. A Practical Guide to HPLC Enantioseparations for Pharmaceutical Compounds. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-200053033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Ho PC, Saville DJ, Wanwimolruk S. SIMULTANEOUS HPLC ANALYSIS OF S- AND R-VERAPAMIL AND METABOLITES, S- AND R-NORVERAPAMIL IN HUMAN PLASMA. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-100100447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. C. Ho
- a School of Pharmacy, University of Otago , P.O. Box 913, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - D. J. Saville
- a School of Pharmacy, University of Otago , P.O. Box 913, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - S. Wanwimolruk
- b School of Pharmacy, University of Otago , P.O. Box 913, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Rasymas AK, Boudoulas H, Kichan JM. Determination of Verapamil Enantiomers in Serum Following Racemate Administration Using HPLC. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079208016367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Algis K. Rasymas
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Toronto and Pharmacy Department, Hospital for Sick Children The Ohio State University , 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus , Ohio , 43210
| | - Harisios Boudoulas
- b Division of Pharmacy , Practice College of Pharmacy The Ohio State University , 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus , Ohio , 43210
- c Division of Cardiology , College of Medicine The Ohio State University , 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus , Ohio , 43210
| | - Jams Mac Kichan
- b Division of Pharmacy , Practice College of Pharmacy The Ohio State University , 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus , Ohio , 43210
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Murata K, Mano N, Asakawa N. Development of a large-volume, membrane-based injection system for gradient elution micro-liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1106:146-51. [PMID: 16213510 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2005] [Revised: 09/15/2005] [Accepted: 09/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A membrane unit which can be used to inject a large volume of sample solution was developed to facilitate reproducible and accurate gradient elution in micro-high-performance liquid chromatography (micro-HPLC). Since the membrane unit has a very low void volume, it facilitates the effective concentration of analytes in large sample volumes. Gradient elution micro-HPLC with the membrane unit allowed the efficient separation of n-alkyl benzoates, used as test samples, in a short time without marked gradient delay. In this study, the membrane unit could be loaded with up to 50 microg of n-hexyl benzoate, and more than 500 microL of sample solution could be applied. In about 50 chromatographic runs, the relative standard deviation (RSD) of the relative retention time of n-hexyl benzoate with respect to methyl benzoate was 0.530%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Murata
- Analytical Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan.
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Hedeland M, Fredriksson E, Lennernäs H, Bondesson U. Simultaneous quantification of the enantiomers of verapamil and its N-demethylated metabolite in human plasma using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2004; 804:303-11. [PMID: 15081924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2003] [Revised: 01/14/2004] [Accepted: 01/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A stereoselective bioanalytical method for the simultaneous quantification of the enantiomers of verapamil and its active main metabolite norverapamil in human plasma has been developed and validated. The samples were analysed by liquid chromatography-electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) in the Selected Reaction Monitoring (SRM) mode using a deuterated internal standard. The stationary phase used for the chiral separation was a Chiral-AGP. The enantiomers of verapamil were selectively detected from those of norverapamil by the mass spectrometer due to different molecular masses, although there was a chromatographic co-elution. Thus, time-consuming procedures like achiral preseparation or chemical derivatisation could be avoided. Higher detection sensitivity than earlier published methods based on fluorescence detection was obtained, although a mobile phase of high water-content and high flow-rate was introduced into the electrospray interface (85% aqueous ammonium acetate pH 7.4 +15% acetonitrile at 0.6 ml/min). The enantiomers of verapamil and norverapamil could be quantified at levels down to 50 pg and 60 pg/500 microl plasma sample, respectively, with R.S.D. in the range of 3.6-7.8%. The presented method was successfully applied to an in vivo intestinal absorption and bioavailability study in humans, using the Loc-I-Gut method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Hedeland
- Section of Drug Analysis, Department of Chemistry, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), SE-751 89 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Carr RA, Pasutto FM, Longstreth JA, Foster RT. Stereospecific determination of the in vitro dissolution of modified release formulations of (±)-verapamil. Chirality 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.530050609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Misl'anová C, Hutta M. Role of biological matrices during the analysis of chiral drugs by liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2003; 797:91-109. [PMID: 14630145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The review article covers advances of chiral drugs analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods achieved during last 10 years. Emphasis is given to various aspects of influence of biological matrix in pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, HPLC analysis. Discussed is composition of main biological matrices from the point of view of potential interferences to above-mentioned fields of study. Beside typical analytical approaches to chiral recognition in HPLC, sample pretreatment and/or clean-up by conventional extraction procedures, column switching (CSW) techniques using restricted access materials (RAMs), microdialysis (MCD) is discussed. Measurement of unbound drug concentration and discussion of column maintenance and remedy is an additional source of information and field where knowledge on complex properties and interactions of biological matrix is usefully applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Misl'anová
- Institute of Preventive and Clinical Medicine, Limbová 14, SK-833 01 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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Kim KH, Kim HJ, Kim JH, Shin SD. Determination of terbutaline enantiomers in human urine by coupled achiral-chiral high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 2001; 751:69-77. [PMID: 11232857 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)00449-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A coupled achiral-chiral high-performance liquid chromatographic system with fluorescence detection at excitation/emission wavelengths of 276/306 nm has been developed for the determination of the enantiomers of terbutaline, (S)-(+)-terbutaline and (R)-(-)-terbutaline in urine. Urine samples were prepared by solid-phase extraction with Sep-pak silica, followed by HPLC. The terbutaline was preseparated from the interfering components in urine on Phenomenex silica column and the terbutaline enantiomers and betaxolol were resolved and determined on a Sumichiral OA-4900 chiral stationary phase. The two columns were connected by a switching valve equipped with silica precolumn. The precolumn was used to concentrate the terbutaline in the eluent from the achiral column before back flushing onto the chiral phase. For each enantiomer the assay was linear between 1 and 250 ng/ml (R2=0.9999) and the detection limit was 0.3 ng/ml. The intra-day variation was between 4.6 and 11.6% in relation to the measured concentration and the inter-day variation was 4.3-11.0%. It has been applied to the determination of (S)-(+)-terbutaline and (R)-(-)-terbutaline in urine from a healthy volunteer dosed with racemic terbutaline sulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, South Korea.
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Asafu-Adjaye EB, Shiu GK. Solid-phase extraction-high-performance liquid chromatography determination of verapamil and norverapamil enantiomers in urine. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1998; 707:161-7. [PMID: 9613945 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(97)00575-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A simple, rapid, sensitive and selective method has been developed for the stereospecific determination of verapamil and its metabolite, norverapamil in urine. For sample preparation we utilized a membrane-based solid-phase extraction (SPE) disk consisting of a thin, particle-loaded membrane inserted in a plastic syringe-like barrel. The particles, which may be C8 or C18 bonded phase (C8 in this work), are embedded within a matrix of PTFE (Teflon) fibrils. Overall analyte recoveries were above 85%, even at low concentration of 3.0 ng/ml with reproducibilities (C.V. values) below 13.1%. This method of extraction has the advantage of speed and considerable reduction in solvent volumes compared to conventional SPE and solvent extraction. The separation of all the enantiomers was achieved using a single chiral stationary phase column, the cellulose-based reversed-phase, Chiralcel OD-R. Analyte concentrations of less than 3.0 ng/ml could be quantitated with C.V. values below 14%. Calibration curves were linear in the range 2.5-300 ng/ml. Intra-day and inter-day reproducibilities were 10.5-14.2% at 3 ng/ml, 4.8-9.3% at 138.5 ng/ml and 7.8-10.1% at 280 ng/ml level, respectively, for all the enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Asafu-Adjaye
- Product Quality Research Lab., DPQR, OPS, CDER, FDA, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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Kim KH, Yun HW, Kim HJ, Park HJ, Choi PW. Coupled column chromatography in chiral separation of salmeterol. Arch Pharm Res 1998; 21:212-6. [PMID: 9875433 DOI: 10.1007/bf02974030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A coupled achiral-chiral high-performance liquid chromatographic system has been developed for the determination of the enantiomers of salmeterol, S-(+)-salmeterol and R-(-)-salmeterol in urine. The salmeterol was separated from the interfering components in urine and quantified on the silica column, and the enantiomeric composition was determined on a Sumichiral OA-4700 chiral stationary phase. The two columns were connected by a switching valve equipped with a silica precolumn. The precolumn was used to concentrate the salmeterol in the eluent from the achiral column before backflushing onto the chiral phase. The coupled system was validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Korea
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Negrusz A, Wacek BC, Toerne T, Bryant J. Quantitation of verapamil and norverapamil in postmortem and clinical samples using liquid-liquid extraction, solid phase extraction, and HPLC. Chromatographia 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02495332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Garcia MA, Aramayona JJ, Bregante MA, Fraile LJ, Solans C. Simultaneous determination of verapamil and norverapamil in biological samples by high-performance liquid chromatography using ultraviolet detection. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1997; 693:377-82. [PMID: 9210442 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(97)00058-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we develop an high-performance liquid chromatographic method with ultraviolet detection for the determination of verapamil and its primary metabolite norverapamil in biological samples. Both compounds, as well as the internal standard, imipramine, were extracted from alkalinised blood, with n-hexane-isobutyl alcohol, back-extracted into 0.01 M phosphoric acid and determined using a reversed-phase column and ultraviolet monitoring at 210 nm. The average coefficient of variation obtained over the concentration range of 1-1000 ng/ml is about 3%. The detection limit is below 5 ng/ml for both compounds, and extraction recoveries close to 80%. The method was applied to a pharmacokinetic study of the drug and its active metabolite and used to analyse blood samples from verapamil treated rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Garcia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Spain
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Rustichelli C, Ferioli V, Gamberini G. Resolution of the enantiomers of verapamil and gallopamil by chiral liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Chromatographia 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02466740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Mano N, Oda Y, Takakuwa S, Chiku S, Nakata H, Asakawa N. Plasma direct injection high-performance liquid chromatographic method for simultaneously determining E3810 enantiomers and their metabolites by using flavoprotein-conjugated column. J Pharm Sci 1996; 85:903-7. [PMID: 8877876 DOI: 10.1021/js960172n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatographic method using the column-switching technique was developed for the simultaneous determination of E3810 and its metabolites (M1-M4). An avidin column was used for in-line pretreatment to exclude plasma proteins, allowing direct injection of a large volume of plasma. A flavoprotein-conjugated chiral stationary phase in a gradient elution mode then gave baseline separation of E3810 and the four metabolites. The enantiomers of E3810 and M3 were also separated. The method is simple, rapid, accurate, and precise. Since no extraction procedure is employed, which might involve different recoveries of different metabolites, no internal standard is necessary. The method was applied to analyze E3810 and its metabolites in plasma after intravenous injection of the drug in beagle dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mano
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
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Lankford SM, Bai SA. Determination of the stereochemical composition of the major metabolites of verapamil in dog urine with enantioselective liquid chromatographic techniques. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 1995; 663:91-101. [PMID: 7704218 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(94)00409-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The stereochemical composition of verapamil and seven of its basic-extractable metabolites, isolated from the urine of dogs administered oral racemic verapamil, was determined by HPLC, using an Ultron OVM (ovomucoid) column. One dog was given oral (R)-verapamil alone in order to discriminate the (R)- and (S)-enantiomers of the metabolites. Structure identification of the isolated verapamil metabolites was accomplished using a combination of HPLC-MS and FAB-MS-MS techniques. Six of the urinary verapamil metabolites, including verapamil, were predominantly of the (R)-configuration, whereas one of the metabolites was predominantly in the (S)-form. The remaining isolated metabolite was comprised of approximately equal amounts of the two forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Lankford
- Department of Anatomy, Physiological Sciences, and Radiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27606, USA
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Studies of ovomucoid-, avidin-, conalbumin- and flavoprotein-conjugated chiral stationary phases for separation of enantiomers by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(94)00782-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kelly JW, Aggarwal ND, Murari R, Stewart JT. HPLC Separation of the ZZ, ZE, EZ, and EE Geometric Isomers and EE Isomer Enantiomers of a Substituted Pentadienyl Carboxamide Using Achiral/Chiral Column Switching. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079408013171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Campíns-Falcó P, Herráez-Hernández R, Sevillano-Cabeza A. Column-switching techniques for high-performance liquid chromatography of drugs in biological samples. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1993; 619:177-90. [PMID: 8263090 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(93)80107-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, an increasing number of publications have demonstrated the potential of column-switching techniques for the chromatographic separation, determination and preparative isolation of analytes from biological matrices. Column-switching systems greatly facilitate drug analysis, by on-line sample clean-up and trace enrichment, or by improving the analytical separative process. In this paper, the main applications of column-switching techniques to drug analysis in biological samples, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Campíns-Falcó
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
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Abstract
The intravenous (0.5 mg/kg) and oral (5 mg/kg) dose kinetics of verapamil were studied in 6 dogs during steady-state oral verapamil dosing (5 mg/kg every 8 h for 3 days). Racemic verapamil and norverapamil, a metabolite of verapamil, were quantitated in plasma by HPLC-fluorescence detection. The verapamil peaks eluting off the column were collected and rechromatographed on an Ultron-OVM column, which resolved the two verapamil enantiomers. After intravenous administration, the systemic clearance and apparent volume of distribution of (-)-(S)-verapamil were nearly twice that of the (+)-(R)-isomer. There was no difference in the elimination half-lives between the two isomers. After oral administration, the oral clearance of (-)-(S)-verapamil was 20 times that of the (+)-(R)-isomer. The apparent bioavailability of (+)-(R)-verapamil was over 14 times that of (-)-(S)-verapamil. The plasma protein binding of the (+)-(R)-isomer was slightly higher by 5% than (-)-(S)-verapamil; however, this effect was not enough to account for the difference between the apparent volume of distribution of the enantiomers, indicating that the tissue binding of (-)-(S)-verapamil was greater than that of the (+)-(R)-isomer. This data on the disposition of the enantiomers of verapamil in the dog is similar to that reported for man and demonstrates that the dog may be an appropriate animal model for man in future studies on the disposition of the enantiomers of verapamil.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Bai
- Department of Anatomy, Physiological Sciences, and Radiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27606
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Mano N, Oda Y, Asakawa N, Yoshida Y, Sato T, Miwa T. Development of a flavoprotein column for chiral separation by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(92)80361-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mano N, Oda Y, Miwa T, Asakawa N, Yoshida Y, Sato T. Conalbumin-conjugated silica gel, a new chiral stationary phase for high-performance liquid chromatogaphy. J Chromatogr A 1992; 603:105-9. [PMID: 1353762 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(92)85350-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A new chiral stationary phase using conalbumin (from chicken egg white) was developed for high-performance liquid chromatography. Chiral resolution of racemic azelastine, an antiallergic drug, was achieved on a conalbumin-conjugated silica gel column. The effects of the pH, the concentration of organic solvents and salts in the mobile phase, and the temperature on the capacity factor and resolution of racemic azelastine were examined. This column shows good stability and can separate optical isomers with an aqueous mobile phase. It should be very useful in studies on pharmacokinetics and in clinical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mano
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
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