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Yang MH, Zhao L, Wang L, Ou-Yang W, Hu SS, Li WL, Ai ML, Wang YQ, Han Y, Li TT, Ding YQ, Wang S. Nuclear lncRNA HOXD-AS1 suppresses colorectal carcinoma growth and metastasis via inhibiting HOXD3-induced integrin β3 transcriptional activating and MAPK/AKT signalling. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:31. [PMID: 30823921 PMCID: PMC6397497 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-0955-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been indicated to play critical roles in cancer development and progression. LncRNA HOXD cluster antisense RNA1 (HOXD-AS1) has recently been found to be dysregulated in several cancers. However, the expression levels, cellular localization, precise function and mechanism of HOXD-AS1 in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) are largely unknown. Methods Real-time PCR and in situ hybridization were used to detect the expression of HOXD-AS1 in CRC tissue samples and cell lines. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were performed to investigate the biological roles of HOXD-AS1 in CRC cell line. RNA pull down, RNA immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were conducted to investigate the mechanisms underlying the functions of HOXD-AS1 in CRC. Results We observed that HOXD-AS1 was located in the nucleus of CRC cells and that nuclear HOXD-AS1 was downregulated in most CRC specimens and cell lines. Lower levels of nuclear HOXD-AS1 expression were associated with poor outcomes of CRC patients. HOXD-AS1 downregulation enhanced proliferation and migration of CRC cells in vitro and facilitated CRC tumourigenesis and metastasis in vivo. Mechanistic investigations revealed that HOXD-AS1 could suppress HOXD3 transcription by recruiting PRC2 to induce the accumulation of the repressive marker H3K27me3 at the HOXD3 promoter. Subsequently, HOXD3, as a transcriptional activator, promoted Integrin β3 transcription, thereby activating the MAPK/AKT signalling pathways. Conclusion Our results reveal a previously unrecognized HOXD-AS1-HOXD3-Integrin β3 regulatory axis involving in epigenetic and transcriptional regulation constitutes to CRC carcinogenesis and progression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12943-019-0955-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hui Yang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Ghuangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wen Ou-Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhujang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Sha-Sha Hu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wen-Lu Li
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Mei-Ling Ai
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yi-Qing Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yue Han
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yan-Qing Ding
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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3
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Wang L, Sun H, Wang X, Hou N, Zhao L, Tong D, He K, Yang Y, Song T, Yang J, Huang C. EGR1 mediates miR-203a suppress the hepatocellular carcinoma cells progression by targeting HOXD3 through EGFR signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 7:45302-45316. [PMID: 27244890 PMCID: PMC5216724 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
EGR1 plays a critical role in cancer progression. However, its precise role in hepatocellular carcinoma has not been elucidated. In this study, we found that the overexpression of EGR1 suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and increases cell apoptosis by binding to the miR-203a promoter sequence. In addition, we investigated the function of miR-203a on progression of HCC cells. We verified that the effect of overexpression of miR-203a is consistent with that of EGR1 in regulation of cell progression. Through bioinformatic analysis and luciferase assays, we confirmed that miR-203a targets HOXD3. Silencing HOXD3 could block transition of the G2/M phase, increase cell apoptosis, decrease the expression of cell cycle and apoptosis-related proteins, EGFR, p-AKT, p-ERK, CCNB1, CDK1 and Bcl2 by targeting EGFR through EGFR/AKT and ERK cell signaling pathways. Likewise, restoration of HOXD3 counteracted the effects of miR-203a expression.In conclusion, our findings are the first to demonstrate that EGR1 is a key player in the transcriptional control of miR-203a, and that miR-203a acts as an anti-oncogene to suppress HCC tumorigenesis by targeting HOXD3 through EGFR-related cell signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumin Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Hongfei Sun
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Ni Hou
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Lingyu Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Dongdong Tong
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Kang He
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Tusheng Song
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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9
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Goode EL, Chenevix-Trench G, Song H, Ramus SJ, Notaridou M, Lawrenson K, Widschwendter M, Vierkant RA, Larson MC, Kjaer SK, Birrer MJ, Berchuck A, Schildkraut J, Tomlinson I, Kiemeney LA, Cook LS, Gronwald J, Garcia-Closas M, Gore ME, Campbell I, Whittemore AS, Sutphen R, Phelan C, Anton-Culver H, Pearce CL, Lambrechts D, Rossing MA, Chang-Claude J, Moysich KB, Goodman MT, Dörk T, Nevanlinna H, Ness RB, Rafnar T, Hogdall C, Hogdall E, Fridley BL, Cunningham JM, Sieh W, McGuire V, Godwin AK, Cramer DW, Hernandez D, Levine D, Lu K, Iversen ES, Palmieri RT, Houlston R, van Altena AM, Aben KK, Massuger LF, Brooks-Wilson A, Kelemen LE, Le ND, Jakubowska A, Lubinski J, Medrek K, Stafford A, Easton DF, Tyrer J, Bolton KL, Harrington P, Eccles D, Chen A, Molina AN, Davila BN, Arango H, Tsai YY, Chen Z, Risch HA, McLaughlin J, Narod SA, Ziogas A, Brewster W, Gentry-Maharaj A, Menon U, Wu AH, Stram DO, Pike MC, Beesley J, Webb PM, Chen X, Ekici AB, Thiel FC, Beckmann MW, Yang H, Wentzensen N, Lissowska J, Fasching PA, Despierre E, Amant F, Vergote I, Doherty J, Hein R, Wang-Gohrke S, Lurie G, Carney ME, Thompson PJ, Runnebaum I, Hillemanns P, Dürst M, Antonenkova N, Bogdanova N, Leminen A, Butzow R, Heikkinen T, Stefansson K, Sulem P, Besenbacher S, Sellers TA, Gayther SA, Pharoah PD, Pharoah PDP. A genome-wide association study identifies susceptibility loci for ovarian cancer at 2q31 and 8q24. Nat Genet 2010; 42:874-9. [PMID: 20852632 PMCID: PMC3020231 DOI: 10.1038/ng.668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer accounts for more deaths than all other gynecological cancers combined. To identify common low-penetrance ovarian cancer susceptibility genes, we conducted a genome-wide association study of 507,094 SNPs in 1,768 individuals with ovarian cancer (cases) and 2,354 controls, with follow up of 21,955 SNPs in 4,162 cases and 4,810 controls, leading to the identification of a confirmed susceptibility locus at 9p22 (in BNC2). Here, we report on nine additional candidate loci (defined as having P ≤ 10⁻⁴) identified after stratifying cases by histology, which we genotyped in an additional 4,353 cases and 6,021 controls. We confirmed two new susceptibility loci with P ≤ 5 × 10⁻⁸ (8q24, P = 8.0 × 10⁻¹⁵ and 2q31, P = 3.8 × 10⁻¹⁴) and identified two additional loci that approached genome-wide significance (3q25, P = 7.1 × 10⁻⁸ and 17q21, P = 1.4 × 10⁻⁷). The associations of these loci with serous ovarian cancer were generally stronger than with other cancer subtypes. Analysis of HOXD1, MYC, TIPARP and SKAP1 at these loci and of BNC2 at 9p22 supports a functional role for these genes in ovarian cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen L. Goode
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- The Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Post Office Royal Brisbane Hospital, Australia
| | - Honglin Song
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Department of Oncology University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Susan J. Ramus
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, University College London, EGA Institute for Women's Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Notaridou
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, University College London, EGA Institute for Women's Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Lawrenson
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, University College London, EGA Institute for Women's Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Widschwendter
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, University College London, EGA Institute for Women's Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A. Vierkant
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Melissa C. Larson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Susanne K. Kjaer
- The Juliane Marie Centre, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark and Department of Virus, Hormones and Cancer Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael J. Birrer
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew Berchuck
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joellen Schildkraut
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Centre for Molecular Oncology & Imaging, Institute of Cancer, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lambertus A. Kiemeney
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and HTA, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Linda S. Cook
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico and Alberta Health Services-Cancer Care, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, ul. Polabska 4, 70-115 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Montserrat Garcia-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Martin E. Gore
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, Gynecological Oncology Unit, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Campbell
- Centre for Cancer Genomics and Predictive Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia and Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alice S. Whittemore
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Rebecca Sutphen
- University of South Florida, Pediatrics Epidemiology Center, College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Catherine Phelan
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Celeste Leigh Pearce
- University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Mary Anne Rossing
- Program in Epidemiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Germany
| | - Kirsten B. Moysich
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Marc T. Goodman
- University of Hawaii, Cancer Research Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Roberta B. Ness
- University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Claus Hogdall
- The Juliane Marie Centre, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Estrid Hogdall
- Department of Virus, Hormones and Cancer Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brooke L. Fridley
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Julie M. Cunningham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Weiva Sieh
- University of South Florida, Pediatrics Epidemiology Center, College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Valerie McGuire
- University of South Florida, Pediatrics Epidemiology Center, College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Andrew K. Godwin
- Women's Cancer Program, Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel W. Cramer
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dena Hernandez
- National Institutes of Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Douglas Levine
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Karen Lu
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Edwin S. Iversen
- Department of Statistics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rachel T. Palmieri
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Richard Houlston
- Molecular and Population Genetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research: Royal Cancer Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anne M. van Altena
- Department of Gynaecology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Leon F.A.G. Massuger
- Department of Gynaecology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Angela Brooks-Wilson
- Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada and Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | | | - Nhu D. Le
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, ul. Polabska 4, 70-115 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Lubinski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, ul. Polabska 4, 70-115 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Medrek
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, ul. Polabska 4, 70-115 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anne Stafford
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Department of Oncology University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas F. Easton
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Genetic Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Tyrer
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Department of Oncology University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kelly L. Bolton
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Harrington
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Department of Oncology University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Eccles
- University of Southampton School of Medicine, WCGS Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton SO16 5YA, UK
| | - Ann Chen
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Ashley N. Molina
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Barbara N. Davila
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Hector Arango
- West Coast Gynecologic Oncology, Clearwater, Florida, USA
| | - Ya-Yu Tsai
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Zhihua Chen
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Harvey A. Risch
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticutt, USA
| | | | - Steven A. Narod
- Women's College Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Wendy Brewster
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, University College London, EGA Institute for Women's Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Usha Menon
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, University College London, EGA Institute for Women's Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna H. Wu
- University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daniel O. Stram
- University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Malcolm C. Pike
- University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Beesley
- The Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Post Office Royal Brisbane Hospital, Australia
| | - Penelope M. Webb
- The Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Post Office Royal Brisbane Hospital, Australia
| | | | | | - Xiaoqing Chen
- The Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Post Office Royal Brisbane Hospital, Australia
| | - Arif B. Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Falk C. Thiel
- University Breast Center Franconia, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias W. Beckmann
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, The M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WH Roentgena 5, 00-782 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hannah Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, The M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WH Roentgena 5, 00-782 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Evelyn Despierre
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frederic Amant
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ignace Vergote
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jennifer Doherty
- Program in Epidemiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rebecca Hein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Germany
| | - Shan Wang-Gohrke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Galina Lurie
- University of Hawaii, Cancer Research Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | | | | | - Ingo Runnebaum
- The Juliane Marie Centre, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark and Department of Virus, Hormones and Cancer Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Hillemanns
- Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Dürst
- Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Natalia Antonenkova
- Byelorussian Institute for Oncology and Medical Radiology Aleksandrov N.N., Minsk, Belarus
| | - Natalia Bogdanova
- Byelorussian Institute for Oncology and Medical Radiology Aleksandrov N.N., Minsk, Belarus and Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Arto Leminen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ralf Butzow
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Heikkinen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Patrick Sulem
- deCODE Genetics, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Thomas A. Sellers
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Simon A. Gayther
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, University College London, EGA Institute for Women's Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D.P. Pharoah
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Department of Oncology and Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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