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Rosa JO, Soares JRS, Fernandes OA. Harvest load transfer sites influence sugarcane billbug (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) spatiotemporal injury in sugarcane. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:1771-1778. [PMID: 38032019 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sugarcane billbug, Sphenophorus levis Vaurie 1978, is a key soil-dwelling insect pest of sugarcane in Brazil and greatly affects plant development and yield. This insect presents an aggregated distribution pattern in production fields. The reasons for such behavior include intraspecific communication and attractivity due to the fermentation of sugar in stalk residues. During mechanized harvesting, part of the harvested material usually falls in the load transfer sites, becoming a potential source for increasing the infestation. We therefore evaluated whether producing areas near the harvest load transfer sites are more prone to S. levis injury. RESULTS There are greater chances of finding billbug injury within a radius of 740 m from the harvest load transfer site. Additionally, injured areas are estimated to expand 11.96% each growing season. Our spatiotemporal models support higher injured areas surrounding the harvest load transfer site and show clear and significant signs of increased injury levels compared to the initial growing season surveyed. CONCLUSION Our results reinforce the importance of harvest transfer sites in the dispersion and propagation of the sugarcane billbug. Based on this knowledge, sugarcane millers and growers can adopt preventive and remedial practices within the loading sites that can potentially contribute to the successful management of this insect pest. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jivago Oliveira Rosa
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - João Rafael Silva Soares
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Odair Aparecido Fernandes
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Jaboticabal, Brazil
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Urach Ferreira PH, Ferreira MDC. Sphenophorus levis Behavior Studies: Evaluating Insect Attractiveness or Repellency to One Insecticide Treatment and Assessing Nocturnal Insect Activity and Location Pattern. INSECTS 2023; 14:205. [PMID: 36835774 PMCID: PMC9962633 DOI: 10.3390/insects14020205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sphenophorus levis Vaurie, 1978 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). is a difficult to control pest in sugarcane that causes great damage to the subterranean part of the plant. Low insect control is the result of the pesticide application technology adopted but also a consequence of the lack of studies regarding the pest's behavior. This research aimed to examine the attractiveness and repellency of one labelled insecticide dose to S. levis adults and to evaluate the activity and location behavior of S. levis adults under hourly observations over 24 h. Repellency and attractiveness studies were conducted in free-choice tests with treated soil with an insecticide product composed of lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam active ingredients and untreated soil. Insect activity and location behavior studies were assessed by conducting hourly observations of S. levis adults in containers with soil and sugarcane plant. The results indicate that S. levis adults are not repelled nor attracted to soil treated with the labelled dose of lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam in sugarcane. Additionally, insects presented nocturnal behavior for most activities (walking, digging and mating) starting at 6:00 p.m. until 2:00 a.m. An average of 21% of insects were out of the soil at night while the majority, 79%, remained inside the soil. During the day, most insects, 95%, remained hidden in the soil. Exposed insects were primarily located on the soil surface. According to these results, nocturnal insecticide applications may improve S. levis adult control due to greater insect activity and exposure at night.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Henrique Urach Ferreira
- Pedro Henrique Urach Ferreira, Science Production Department, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo da Costa Ferreira
- Agricultural Science Production Department, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
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Bandeira PT, Fávaro CF, Francke W, Bergmann J, Zarbin PHG. Aggregation Pheromones of Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): Advances in the Identification and Potential Uses in Semiochemical-Based Pest Management Strategies. J Chem Ecol 2021; 47:968-986. [PMID: 34671912 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-021-01319-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
With approximately 83,000 species described, Curculionidae is the largest family of beetles, comprising more than 80% of all weevil species worldwide. Many species of Curculionidae attack a wide range of native and orchards crops, as well as globally important stored products such as grains, flour, and seeds, being responsible for significant environmental and economic losses. This work provides an overview of the research in the identification of aggregation pheromones of Curculionidae, and their potential contributions to the development of semiochemical-based pest management strategies. The synergistic effect of the host plant volatiles in the attractiveness of weevil pheromones is also briefly reported, demonstrating the important role of these additional attractants in the chemical communication of curculionids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Taisline Bandeira
- Laboratório de Semioquímicos, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, UFPR, Caixa Postal 19020, Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Carla Fernanda Fávaro
- Laboratório de Controle Biológico e Semioquímicos, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Wittko Francke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Bergmann
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avda. Universidad 330, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Paulo Henrique Gorgatti Zarbin
- Laboratório de Semioquímicos, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, UFPR, Caixa Postal 19020, Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil.
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Malo EA, Gutiérrez-Escobar V, Castrejón-Ayala F, Rojas JC. The Aggregation Pheromone of Metamasius spinolae (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) Revisited: Less is More. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 49:803-809. [PMID: 32457987 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvaa054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The weevil Metamasius spinolae (Gyllenhal) is the most important insect pest of cultivated prickly pear in Mexico. A previous work reported that the pheromone of this weevil species was composed by three components. In this study, we reinvestigated the aggregation pheromone of M. spinolae using gas chromatography-electroantennography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to locate and identify new potential pheromonal compounds. The behavioral activity of identified compounds was evaluated in laboratory and field trials. Metamasius spinolae males released four compounds: 2-methyl-4-heptanone, 6-methyl-2-hepten-4-one, 2-methyl-4-octanone, and 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-heptanone. In the laboratory assays, depending on the concentration, the compounds were attractive, neutral, or repellent to M. spinolae. Field evaluation showed that traps baited with 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-heptanone singly or in most of the binary or tertiary blends where this compound was present captured a higher number of M. spinolae compared to live males and the other compounds identified. In conclusion, our results indicate that 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-heptanone is the main component of the aggregation pheromone of M. spinolae. We suggest that this compound should be used for developing a monitoring or a mass-trapping system for M. spinolae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edi A Malo
- Grupo de Ecología de Artrópodos y Manejo de Plagas, Departamento de Agricultura, Sociedad y Ambiente, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Tapachula, Chiapas, México, CP
| | - Verónica Gutiérrez-Escobar
- Grupo de Ecología de Artrópodos y Manejo de Plagas, Departamento de Agricultura, Sociedad y Ambiente, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Tapachula, Chiapas, México, CP
| | - Federico Castrejón-Ayala
- Interacciones Planta-Insecto, Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Yautepec, Morelos, Mexico, CP
| | - Julio C Rojas
- Grupo de Ecología de Artrópodos y Manejo de Plagas, Departamento de Agricultura, Sociedad y Ambiente, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Tapachula, Chiapas, México, CP
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Martins LF, Tonelli M, Bento JMS, Bueno CJ, Leite LG. Attraction of the sugarcane billbug, Sphenophorus levis, to vinasse and its volatile composition. CHEMOECOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00049-020-00310-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Duffy AG, Hughes GP, Ginzel MD, Richmond DS. Volatile and Contact Chemical Cues Associated with Host and Mate Recognition Behavior of Sphenophorus venatus and Sphenophorus parvulus (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae). J Chem Ecol 2018; 44:556-564. [PMID: 29770906 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-018-0967-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Beetles in the genus Sphenophorus Schönherr, or billbugs, potentially utilize both volatile and non-volatile behavior-modifying chemical signals. These insects are widely distributed across North America, often occurring in multi-species assemblages in grasses. However, details about their host- and mate-finding behavior are poorly understood. This study tested the hypothesis that volatile organic compounds from host-plants and conspecifics direct the dispersal behavior of hunting billbug S. venatus Say. Further, we characterized the cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of two widespread pest species, S. venatus and bluegrass billbug S. parvulus Gyllenhaal, to assess the potential role of contact pheromones in mate-recognition. In Y-tube olfactometer bioassays, S. venatus males were attracted to a combination of conspecifics and Cynodon dactylon host-plant material, as well as C. dactylon plant material alone. S. venatus females were attracted to a combination of male conspecifics and host-plants but were also attracted to male conspecifics alone. Field evaluation of a putative male-produced aggregation pheromone, 2-methyl-4-octanol, identified from two congeners, S. levis Vaurie and S. incurrens Gyllenhaal, did not support the hypothesis that S. venatus and S. parvulus were also attracted to this compound. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of S. venatus and S. parvulus whole-body cuticular extracts indicated a series of hydrocarbons with qualitative and quantitative interspecific variation in addition to intraspecific quantitative variation between males and females. This study provides the first evidence that S. venatus orients toward host- and insect-derived volatile organic compounds and substantiates the presence of species-specific cuticular hydrocarbons that could serve as contact pheromones for sympatric Sphenophorus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra G Duffy
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, 901 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA. .,Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, 4102 Life Science Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
| | - Gabriel P Hughes
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, 901 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,Department of Entomology, University of California-Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Matthew D Ginzel
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, 901 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Douglas S Richmond
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, 901 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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Rodríguez SA, Pérez MLP, Nazareno MA. Identification of male-produced aggregation pheromone of the curculionid beetle Acrotomopus atropunctellus. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2016; 106:494-501. [PMID: 27019030 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485316000146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The sugarcane stem weevil, Acrotomopus atropunctellus (Boheman) (Curculionidae: Molytinae: Cholini) is an important economic pest from the Northwestern region of Argentina. Analyses of the headspace volatiles produced by separated males and females revealed one male-specific compound. Its structural identification is reported here in using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy analysis and chemical micro-reactions. Besides, two laboratory olfactometry assays allowed us to propose 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (sulcatone) as an aggregation pheromone for this insect, being attractive to both conspecific males and females. This compound is reported for the first time as involved in the Curculionidae family communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santiago del Estero (CITSE), CONICET-UNSE,Santiago del Estero,Argentina
| | - M L P Pérez
- Sección Zoología Agrícola,Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres, EEAOC-CONICET,Williams Cross 3150. Las Talitas,Tucumán,Argentina
| | - M A Nazareno
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santiago del Estero (CITSE), CONICET-UNSE,Santiago del Estero,Argentina
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Synthesis of novel chiral TBBt derivatives with hydroxyl moiety. Studies on inhibition of human protein kinase CK2α and cytotoxicity properties. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 84:364-74. [PMID: 25036794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The efficient method for the synthesis of novel 4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1H-benzotriazole (TBBt) derivatives bearing a single stereogenic center has been developed. New compounds with a variety of substituents at the meta- and para-position of the phenyl ring are reported. All of the presented compounds were obtained using classical synthetic methods, such as bromination of benzotriazole, and its subsequent alkylation by monotosylated arylpropane-1,3-diols, which in turn have been synthesized through reduction of the corresponding prochiral β-keto esters, and the selective monotosylation of the primary hydroxyl group. The influence of the new and previously reported N-hydroxyalkyl TBBt derivatives on the activity of human protein kinase CK2α catalytic subunit was examined. The most active were derivatives with N-hydroxyalkyl substituents (IC50 in 0.80-7.35 μM range). A binding mode of (R)-1-(4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)butan-3-ol 7b to hCK2α has been proposed based on in silico docking studies. Additionally, MTT-based cytotoxicity tests demonstrated high activities of novel 1-aryl-3-TBBt-propan-1-ol and 3-TBBt-propan-1,2-diol derivatives against human peripheral blood T lymphoblast (CCRF-CEM), and moderate anti-tumor activities against human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7) cell lines.
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Toda H, Imae R, Itoh N. Efficient biocatalysis for the production of enantiopure (S)-epoxides using a styrene monooxygenase (SMO) and Leifsonia alcohol dehydrogenase (LSADH) system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2012.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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The Male-produced Sex Pheromone of the True Bug, Phthia picta, is an Unusual Hydrocarbon. J Chem Ecol 2012; 38:814-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s10886-012-0147-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Fonseca FPP, Soares-Costa A, Ribeiro AF, Rosa JC, Terra WR, Henrique-Silva F. Recombinant expression, localization and in vitro inhibition of midgut cysteine peptidase (Sl-CathL) from sugarcane weevil, Sphenophorus levis. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 42:58-69. [PMID: 22100428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A cDNA coding for a digestive cathepsin L, denominated Sl-CathL, was isolated from a cDNA library of Sphenophorus levis larvae, representing the most abundant EST (10.49%) responsible for proteolysis in the midgut. The open reading frame of 972 bp encodes a preproenzyme similar to midgut cathepsin L-like enzymes in other coleopterans. Recombinant Sl-CathL was expressed in Pichia pastoris, with molecular mass of about 42 kDa. The recombinant protein was catalytically activated at low pH and the mature enzyme of 39 kDa displayed thermal instability and maximal activity at 37°C and pH 6.0. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed Sl-CathL production in the midgut epithelium and secretion from vesicles containing the enzyme into the gut lumen, confirming an important role for this enzyme in the digestion of the insect larvae. The expression profile identified by RT-PCR through the biological cycle indicates that Sl-CathL is mainly produced in larval stages, with peak expression in 30-day-old larvae. At this stage, the enzyme is 1250-fold more expressed than in the pupal fase, in which the lowest expression level is detected. This enzyme is also produced in the adult stage, albeit in lesser abundance, assuming the presence of a different array of enzymes in the digestive system of adults. Tissue-specific analysis revealed that Sl-CathL mRNA synthesis occurs fundamentally in the larval midgut, thereby confirming its function as a digestive enzyme, as detected in immunolocalization assays. The catalytic efficiency of the purified recombinant enzyme was calculated using different substrates (Z-Leu-Arg-AMC, Z-Arg-Arg-AMC and Z-Phe-Arg-AMC) and rSl-CathL exhibited hydrolysis preference for Z-Leu-Arg-AMC (k(cat)/K(m)=37.53 mMS(-1)), which is similar to other insect cathepsin L-like enzymes. rSl-CathL activity inhibition assays were performed using four recombinant sugarcane cystatins. rSl-CathL was strongly inhibited by recombinant cystatin CaneCPI-4 (K(i)=0.196 nM), indicating that this protease is a potential target for pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando P P Fonseca
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, Brazil
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Fonseca MG, Vidal DM, Zarbin PHG. Male-Produced Sex Pheromone of the Cerambycid Beetle Hedypathes betulinus: Chemical Identification and Biological Activity. J Chem Ecol 2010; 36:1132-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10886-010-9850-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Revised: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Wu W, Li R, Malladi SS, Warshakoon HJ, Kimbrell MR, Amolins MW, Ukani R, Datta A, David SA. Structure-activity relationships in toll-like receptor-2 agonistic diacylthioglycerol lipopeptides. J Med Chem 2010; 53:3198-213. [PMID: 20302301 DOI: 10.1021/jm901839g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The N-termini of bacterial lipoproteins are acylated with a (S)-(2,3-bisacyloxypropyl)cysteinyl residue. Lipopeptides derived from lipoproteins activate innate immune responses by engaging Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and are highly immunostimulatory and yet without apparent toxicity in animal models. The lipopeptides may therefore be useful as potential immunotherapeutic agents. Previous structure-activity relationships in such lipopeptides have largely been obtained using murine cells, and it is now clear that significant species-specific differences exist between human and murine TLR responses. We have examined in detail the role of the highly conserved Cys residue as well as the geometry and stereochemistry of the Cys-Ser dipeptide unit. (R)-Diacylthioglycerol analogues are maximally active in reporter gene assays using human TLR2. The Cys-Ser dipeptide unit represents the minimal part-structure, but its stereochemistry was found not to be a critical determinant of activity. The thioether bridge between the diacyl and dipeptide units is crucial, and replacement by an oxoether bridge results in a dramatic decrease in activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
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Zhong W, Wu Y, Zhang X. Efficient chemoselective addition of Grignard reagents to carbonyl compounds in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2009. [DOI: 10.3184/030823409x460939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Compared with tetrahydrofuran (THF) as a solvent for the addition reactions between Grignard reagents and carbonyl compounds 2-methyltetrahydrofuran affords the corresponding adducts in higher yields with higher chemoselectivities. Moreover, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran can be readily recycled and reused, which lowers the cost of the process and makes the reaction greener.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihui Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR. China
| | - Yaotiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR. China
| | - Xingxian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR. China
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Preparation of single-enantiomer biofunctional molecules with (S)-2-methoxy-2-(1-naphthyl)propanoic acid. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2008; 72:2418-22. [PMID: 18776678 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.80100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
(RS)-beta-Ionol and (RS)-2-methyl-4-octanol were resolved by using (S)-2-methoxy-2-(1-naphthyl)propanoic acid [(S)-MalphaNP acid]. The specific stereochemistry of each MalphaNP ester was elucidated by 2D NMR analyses, and shielding by the 1-naphthyl group was observed in both the 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra. Solvolysis of the individual (S)-MalphaNP esters gave four single-enantiomer alcohols. The normal-phase HPLC elution order of each MalphaNP ester is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng He
- a Advanced Separation Technologies, Inc. , Whippany, New Jersey, USA
| | - Thomas E. Beesley
- a Advanced Separation Technologies, Inc. , Whippany, New Jersey, USA
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