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Wang J, Tao W, Kocher TD, Wang D. Sex chromosome turnover and biodiversity in fishes. J Genet Genomics 2024:S1673-8527(24)00222-4. [PMID: 39233051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2024.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
The impact of sex chromosomes and their turnover in speciation remains a subject of ongoing debate in the field of evolutionary biology. Fishes are the largest group of vertebrates, and they exhibit unparalleled sexual plasticity, as well as diverse sex-determining (SD) genes, sex chromosomes, and sex determination mechanisms. This diversity is hypothesized to be associated with the frequent turnover of sex chromosomes in fishes. Although it is evident that amh and amhr2 are repeatedly and independently recruited as SD genes, their relationship with the rapid turnover of sex chromosomes and the biodiversity of fishes remains unknown. We summarize the canonical models of sex chromosome turnover and highlight the vital roles of gene mutation and hybridization with empirical evidence. We revisit Haldane's rule and the large X-effect and propose the hypothesis that sex chromosomes accelerate speciation by multiplying genotypes via hybridization. By integrating recent findings on the turnover of SD genes, sex chromosomes, and sex determination systems in fish species, this review provides insights into the relationship between sex chromosome evolution and biodiversity in fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingrong Wang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wenjing Tao
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Thomas D Kocher
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Deshou Wang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Sember A, Nguyen P, Perez MF, Altmanová M, Ráb P, Cioffi MDB. Multiple sex chromosomes in teleost fishes from a cytogenetic perspective: state of the art and future challenges. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200098. [PMID: 34304595 PMCID: PMC8310710 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of cytogenetic and genomic research of dynamic sex chromosome evolution in teleost fishes, multiple sex chromosomes have been largely neglected. In this review, we compiled available data on teleost multiple sex chromosomes, identified major trends in their evolution and suggest further trajectories in their investigation. In a compiled dataset of 440 verified records of fish sex chromosomes, we counted 75 multiple sex chromosome systems with 60 estimated independent origins. We showed that male-heterogametic systems created by Y-autosome fusion predominate and that multiple sex chromosomes are over-represented in the order Perciformes. We documented a striking difference in patterns of differentiation of sex chromosomes between male and female heterogamety and hypothesize that faster W sex chromosome differentiation may constrain sex chromosome turnover in female-heterogametic systems. We also found no significant association between the mechanism of multiple sex chromosome formation and percentage of uni-armed chromosomes in teleost karyotypes. Last but not least, we hypothesized that interaction between fish populations, which differ in their sex chromosomes, can drive the evolution of multiple sex chromosomes in fishes. This underlines the importance of broader inter-population sampling in studies of fish sex chromosomes. This article is part of the theme issue 'Challenging the paradigm in sex chromosome evolution: empirical and theoretical insights with a focus on vertebrates (Part II)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandr Sember
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277 21 Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Nguyen
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277 21 Liběchov, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Manolo F. Perez
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz km 235 cep, 13565-905, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Marie Altmanová
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277 21 Liběchov, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Ráb
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277 21 Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Marcelo de Bello Cioffi
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz km 235 cep, 13565-905, São Carlos, Brazil
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Molina WF, Martinez PA, Bertollo LAC, Bidau CJ. Preferential accumulation of sex and Bs chromosomes in biarmed karyotypes by meiotic drive and rates of chromosomal changes in fishes. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2015; 86:1801-12. [PMID: 25590717 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201420130489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of accumulation based on typical centromeric drive or of chromosomes carrying pericentric inversions are adjusted to the general karyotype differentiation in the principal Actinopterygii orders. Here, we show that meiotic drive in fish is also supported by preferential establishment of sex chromosome systems and B chromosomes in orders with predominantly bi-brachial chromosomes. The mosaic of trends acting at an infra-familiar level in fish could be explained as the interaction of the directional process of meiotic drive as background, modulated on a smaller scale by adaptive factors or specific karyotypic properties of each group, as proposed for the orthoselection model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagner F Molina
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brasil
| | - Pablo A Martinez
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brasil
| | - Luiz A C Bertollo
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - Claudio J Bidau
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Villa Regina, Argentina
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Gornung E. Twenty years of physical mapping of major ribosomal RNA genes across the teleosts: A review of research. Cytogenet Genome Res 2013; 141:90-102. [PMID: 24080951 DOI: 10.1159/000354832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular cytogenetic data on the number and position of 45S ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA; located in nucleolus organizing regions, NORs) detected by FISH in 330 species of 77 families and 22 orders of bony fishes (Teleostei) and, additionally, 11 species of basal ray-finned fishes are compiled and analyzed. The portion of species with single rDNA sites in the sample amounts to 72%. The percentage of species with multiple NORs decreases with increasing numbers of rDNA loci per genome, i.e. scarcely 3% of species carry 4 or more rDNA-bearing chromosome pairs. 43% of all rDNA sites analyzed occur terminally on the short arms of chromosomes or constitute them. In general, terminal rDNA sites account for 87% of all examined cases. Interspecific variation in the location of single rDNA sites among related taxa, polymorphisms of multiple NORs in some groups of teleosts and analytical outcomes on the subject are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gornung
- 'Charles Darwin' Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Rome 'La Sapienza', Rome, Italy
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Kitano J, Peichel CL. Turnover of sex chromosomes and speciation in fishes. ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES 2012; 94:549-558. [PMID: 26069393 PMCID: PMC4459657 DOI: 10.1007/s10641-011-9853-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 05/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Closely related species of fishes often have different sex chromosome systems. Such rapid turnover of sex chromosomes can occur by several mechanisms, including fusions between an existing sex chromosome and an autosome. These fusions can result in a multiple sex chromosome system, where a species has both an ancestral and a neo-sex chromosome. Although this type of multiple sex chromosome system has been found in many fishes, little is known about the mechanisms that select for the formation of neo-sex chromosomes, or the role of neo-sex chromosomes in phenotypic evolution and speciation. The identification of closely related, sympatric species pairs in which one species has a multiple sex chromosome system and the other has a simple sex chromosome system provides an opportunity to study sex chromosome turnover. Recently, we found that a population of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from Japan has an X1X2Y multiple sex chromosome system resulting from a fusion between the ancestral Y chromosome and an autosome, while a sympatric threespine stickleback population has a simple XY sex chromosome system. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the neo-X chromosome (X2) plays an important role in phenotypic divergence and reproductive isolation between these sympatric stickleback species pairs. Here, we review multiple sex chromosome systems in fishes, as well as recent advances in our understanding of the evolutionary role of sex chromosome turnover in stickleback speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kitano
- Ecological Genetics Laboratory and JST PRESTO, Center for Frontier Research, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411–8540 Japan
| | - Catherine L. Peichel
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109–1024 USA
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Galvão TB, Bertollo LAC, Molina WF. Chromosomal complements of some Atlantic Blennioidei and Gobioidei species (Perciformes). COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2011; 5:259-75. [PMID: 24260634 PMCID: PMC3833785 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen5i4.1834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A remarkable degree of chromosomal conservatism (2n=48, FN=48) has been identified in several families of Perciformes. However, some families exhibit greater karyotypic diversity, although there is still scant information on the Atlantic species. In addition to a review of karyotypic data available for representatives of the suborders Blennioidei and Gobioidei, we have performed chromosomal analyses on Atlantic species of the families Blenniidae, Ophioblennius trinitatis Miranda-Ribeiro, 1919 (2n=46; FN=64) and Scartella cristata (Linnaeus, 1758)(2n=48; FN=50), Labrisomidae, Labrisomus nuchipinnis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)(2n=48; FN=50) and Gobiidae, Bathygobius soporator (Valenciennes, 1837)(2n=48; FN=56). Besides variations in chromosome number and karyotype formulas, Ag-NOR sites, albeit unique, were located in different positions and/or chromosome pairs for the species analyzed. On the other hand, the heterochromatic pattern was more conservative, distributed predominantly in the centromeric/pericentromeric regions of the four species. Data already available for Gobiidae, Blenniidae and Labrisomidae show greater intra- and interspecific karyotypic diversification when compared to other groups of Perciformes, where higher uniformity is found for various chromosome characteristics. Evolutionary dynamism displayed by these two families is likely associated with population fractionation resulting from unique biological characteristics, such as lower mobility and/or specific environmental requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Barbosa Galvão
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do io Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário, 59078 – 970, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Luiz Antonio Carlos Bertollo
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Via Washington Luiz, Km 235, 13565 – 905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wagner Franco Molina
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do io Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário, 59078 – 970, Natal, RN, Brazil
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de Lima LCB, Martinez PA, Molina WF. Cytogenetic characterization of three Balistoidea fish species from the Atlantic with inferences on chromosomal evolution in the families Monacanthidae and Balistidae. COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2011; 5:61-69. [PMID: 24260619 PMCID: PMC3833730 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v5i1.1141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The Tetraodontiformes are the most derived group of teleostean fish. Among other apomorphies, they are characterized by a high degree of fusions or significant bone loss in the head and body. In the early phylogenetic proposals presented for this order, the families Balistidae and Monacanthidae have been unanimously considered to be closely related. Although they have moderate species diversity, they are scarcely known in cytogenetic aspect and chromosomal pattern comparisons between these groups have yet to be established. The species Cantherhines macrocerus (Hollard,1853), Cantherhines pullus (Ranzani, 1842) (Monacanthidae) and Melichthys niger (Bloch, 1786) (Balistidae) were cytogenetically analyzed using conventional (Ag-impregnation, C-banding, CMA3- and DAPI-fluorescence) and molecular (FISH with an 18S rDNA probe) cytogenetic protocols. The karyotypes of all three species were very similar possessing diploid chromosome numbers 2n = 40 and composed exclusively of acrocentric chromosomes. Single NOR-bearing pair as well as positive heterochromatic blocks at pericentromeric regions were identified in the karyotypes of the three species studied. NOR-bearing sites were positively labeled after Ag-impregnation, C-banding, CMA3-fluorescence and FISH with an 18S rDNA probe but were negative after DAPI-fluorescence. Such remarkable shared conspicuous chromosomal characters corroborate either close phylogenetic relationship of these families, previously established by morphological and molecular data, or rather conservative nature of karyotype differentiation processes. The later hypothesis, however, appears less probable due to centric or in tandem fusions documented for another Balistoidea species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Corina Bezerra de Lima
- />Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do io Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário, 59078 – 970 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Pablo Ariel Martinez
- />Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do io Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário, 59078 – 970 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Wagner Franco Molina
- />Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do io Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário, 59078 – 970 Natal, RN, Brazil
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Cioffi M, Molina W, Moreira-Filho O, Bertollo L. Chromosomal Distribution of Repetitive DNA Sequences Highlights the Independent Differentiation of Multiple Sex Chromosomes in Two Closely Related Fish Species. Cytogenet Genome Res 2011; 134:295-302. [DOI: 10.1159/000329481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Ueno K, Takai A. Multiple sex chromosome system of X1X1X2X2/X1X2)Y type in lutjanid fish, Lutjanus quinquelineatus (Perciformes). Genetica 2007; 132:35-41. [PMID: 17351816 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-007-9146-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2006] [Accepted: 02/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The karyotype and other chromosomal markers as revealed by C-banding and Ag-staining were studied in Lutjanus quinquelineatus and L. kasmira (Lutjanidae, Perciformes). While in latter species, the karyotype was invariably composed of 48 acrocentric chromosomes in both sexes, in L. quinquelineatus the female karyotype had exclusively 48 acrocentric chromosomes (2n = 48) but that of the male consisted of one large metacentric and 46 acrocentric chromosomes (2n = 47). The chromosomes in the first meiotic division in males showed 22 bivalents and one trivalent, which was formed by an end-to-end association and a chiasmatic association. Multiple sex chromosome system of X(1)X(1)X(2)X(2)/X(1)X(2)Y type resulting from single Robertsonian fusion between the original Y chromosome and an autosome was hypothesized to produce neo-Y sex chromosome. The multiple sex chromosome system of L. quinquelineatus appears to be at the early stage of the differentiation. The positive C-banded heterochromatin was situated exclusively in centromeric regions of all chromosomes in both species. Similarly, nucleolus organizer region sites were identified in the pericentromeric region of one middle-sized pair of chromosomes in both species. The cellular DNA contents were the same (3.3 pg) between the sexes and among this species and related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Ueno
- Department of Fisheries Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
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