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Zhang R, Xuan L, Ni L, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Yin Y, Hua J. ADH Gene Cloning and Identification of Flooding-Responsive Genes in Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:678. [PMID: 36771761 PMCID: PMC9919530 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As a flooding-tolerant tree species, Taxodium distichum has been utilized in afforestation projects and proven to have important value in flooding areas. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), which participates in ethanol fermentation, is essential for tolerance to the anaerobic conditions caused by flooding. In a comprehensive analysis of the ADH gene family in T. distichum, TdADHs were cloned on the basis of whole-genome sequencing, and then bioinformatic analysis, subcellular localization, and gene expression level analysis under flooding were conducted. The results show that the putative protein sequences of 15 cloned genes contained seven TdADHs and eight TdADH-like genes (one Class III ADH included) that were divided into five clades. All the sequences had an ADH_N domain, and except for TdADH-likeE2, all the other genes had an ADH_zinc_N domain. Moreover, the TdADHs in clades A, B, C, and D had a similar motif composition. Additionally, the number of TdADH amino acids ranged from 277 to 403, with an average of 370.13. Subcellular localization showed that, except for TdADH-likeD3, which was not expressed in the nucleus, the other genes were predominantly expressed in both the nucleus and cytosol. TdADH-likeC2 was significantly upregulated in all three organs (roots, stems, and leaves), and TdADHA3 was also highly upregulated under 24 h flooding treatment; the two genes might play key roles in ethanol fermentation and flooding tolerance. These findings offer a comprehensive understanding of TdADHs and could provide a foundation for the molecular breeding of T. distichum and current research on the molecular mechanisms driving flooding tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Lei Xuan
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Longjie Ni
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zhiquan Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yunlong Yin
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jianfeng Hua
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
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Ding X, Chen L, Guo J, Gai J, Yang S. A small RNA of miR2119b from soybean CMS line acts as a negative regulator of male fertility in transgenic Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:210-221. [PMID: 34371391 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The miR2119 is involved in the growth, development and abiotic stress response of some legumes, including Medicago truncatula, Phaseolus vulgaris and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Our previous small RNA sequencing analysis showed that miR2119b was up-regulated in the flower buds of soybean cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line compared with its maintainer line, but the role and mechanism of miR2119b in the regulation of soybean male fertility are still unclear. In this study, the gma-miR2119b and its target gene alcohol dehydrogenase 1.3b (ADH1.3b) were characterized and found to be highly expressed in the flowers of soybean CMS line and its maintainer. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing gma-miR2119b exhibit male fertility abnormalities, including pollen fertility and germination rate decreased. Enzyme activity detection found the ADH and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities in inflorescence of gma-miR2119b overexpressed plants were lower than those of wild-type. Bioinformatics and gene expression analysis showed that gma-miR2119b/GmADH1.3b module was responsive to high temperature (HT) stress during flowering. After HT stress, the gma-miR2119b overexpressed plants showed male sterility, including shorter filament, sterile pollen, indehiscent anther and non seed. Moreover, some key genes involved in HT response and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signal regulation pathway, including heat shock protein70, galactinol synthase 1 and CAT, showed down-regulated expression in transgenic plants under HT stress, suggesting that gma-miR2119b regulates male fertility via HT-ROS signaling pathway under HT stress. It was speculated that the gma-miR2119b acted as a negative regulator of male fertility in plants by regulating ADH1, HT-induced and ROS scavenging genes expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlong Ding
- Soybean Research Institute, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Linfeng Chen
- Soybean Research Institute, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jinfeng Guo
- Soybean Research Institute, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Junyi Gai
- Soybean Research Institute, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shouping Yang
- Soybean Research Institute, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Su W, Ren Y, Wang D, Su Y, Feng J, Zhang C, Tang H, Xu L, Muhammad K, Que Y. The alcohol dehydrogenase gene family in sugarcane and its involvement in cold stress regulation. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:521. [PMID: 32727370 PMCID: PMC7392720 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-06929-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) in plants are encoded by a multigene family. ADHs participate in growth, development, and adaptation in many plant species, but the evolution and function of the ADH gene family in sugarcane is still unclear. RESULTS In the present study, 151 ADH genes from 17 species including 32 ADH genes in Saccharum spontaneum and 6 ADH genes in modern sugarcane cultivar R570 were identified. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated two groups of ADH genes and suggested that these genes underwent duplication during angiosperm evolution. Whole-genome duplication (WGD)/segmental and dispersed duplications played critical roles in the expansion of ADH family in S. spontaneum and R570, respectively. ScADH3 was cloned and preferentially expressed in response to cold stress. ScADH3 conferred improved cold tolerance in E. coli cells. Ectopic expression showed that ScADH3 can also enhance cold tolerance in transgenic tobacco. The accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in leaves of transgenic tobacco was significantly lower than in wild-type tobacco. The transcript levels of ROS-related genes in transgenic tobacco increased significantly. ScADH3 seems to affect cold tolerance by regulating the ROS-related genes to maintain the ROS homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS This study depicted the size and composition of the ADH gene family in 17 species, and investigated their evolution pattern. Comparative genomics analysis among the ADH gene families of S. bicolor, R570 and S. spontaneum revealed their close evolutionary relationship. Functional analysis suggested that ScADH3, which maintained the steady state of ROS by regulating ROS-related genes, was related to cold tolerance. These findings will facilitate research on evolutionary and functional aspects of the ADH genes in sugarcane, especially for the understanding of ScADH3 under cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Su
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Yongjuan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Dongjiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Yachun Su
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Jingfang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Chang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Hanchen Tang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Liping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Khushi Muhammad
- Department of Genetics, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Youxiong Que
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China. .,Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.
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Chen H, Cao S, Jin Y, Tang Y, Qi H. The Relationship between CmADHs and the Diversity of Volatile Organic Compounds of Three Aroma Types of Melon (Cucumis melo). Front Physiol 2016; 7:254. [PMID: 27445845 PMCID: PMC4923263 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) plays an important role in aroma volatile compounds synthesis of plants. In this paper, we tried to explore the relationship between CmADHs and the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in oriental melon. Three different aroma types of melon were used as materials. The principle component analysis of three types of melon fruit was conducted. We also measured the CmADHs expression level and enzymatic activities of ADH and alcohol acyl-transferase (AAT) on different stages of fruit ripening. An incubation experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of substrates and inhibitor (4-MP, 4-methylpyrazole) on CmADHs expression, ADH activity, and the main compounds of oriental melon. The results illustrated that ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate (E,Z)-3,6-nonadien-1-ol and 2-ethyl-2hexen-1-ol were the four principal volatile compounds of these three types of melon. AAT activity was increasing with fruit ripening, and the AAT activity in CH were the highest, whereas ADH activity peaked on 32 DAP, 2 days before maturation, and the ADH activity in CB and CG were higher than that in CH. The expression pattern of 11 CmADH genes from 24 to 36 day after pollination (DAP) was found to vary in three melon varieties. CmADH4 was only expressed in CG and the expression levels of CmADH3 and CmADH12 in CH and CB were much higher than that in CG, and they both peaked 2 days before fruit ripening. Ethanol and 4-MP decreased the reductase activity of ADH, the expression of most CmADHs and ethyl acetate or hexyl acetate contents of CB, except for 0.1 mM 4-MP, while aldehyde improved the two acetate ester contents. In addition, we found a positive correlation between the expression of CmADH3 and CmADH12 and the key volatile compound of CB. The relationship between CmADHs and VOCs synthesis of oriental melon was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang, China
| | - Songxiao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang, China
| | - Yazhong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang, China; Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural UniversityDaqing, China
| | - Yufan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang, China
| | - Hongyan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang, China
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Ding X, Li J, Zhang H, He T, Han S, Li Y, Yang S, Gai J. Identification of miRNAs and their targets by high-throughput sequencing and degradome analysis in cytoplasmic male-sterile line NJCMS1A and its maintainer NJCMS1B of soybean. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:24. [PMID: 26729289 PMCID: PMC4700598 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2352-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) provides crucial breeding materials that facilitate hybrid seed production in various crops, and thus plays an important role in the study of hybrid vigor (heterosis), in plants. However, the CMS regulatory network in soybean remains unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in flower and pollen development by targeting genes that regulate their expression in plants. To identify the miRNAs and their targets that exist in the soybean CMS line NJCMS1A and its maintainer NJCMS1B, high-throughput sequencing and degradome analysis were conducted in this study. RESULTS Two small RNA libraries were constructed from the flower buds of the soybean CMS line NJCMS1A and its maintainer NJCMS1B. A total of 105 new miRNAs present on the other arm of known pre-miRNAs, 23 new miRNA members, 158 novel miRNAs and 160 high-confidence soybean miRNAs were identified using high-throughput sequencing. Among the identified miRNAs, 101 differentially expressed miRNAs with greater than two-fold changes between NJCMS1A and NJCMS1B were discovered. The different expression levels of selected miRNAs were confirmed by stem-loop quantitative real-time PCR. A degradome analysis showed that 856 targets were predicted to be targeted by 296 miRNAs, including a squamosa promoter-binding protein-like transcription factor family protein, a pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein, and an auxin response factor, which were previously shown to be involved in floral organ or anther development in plants. Additionally, some targets, including a MADS-box transcription factor, NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase and NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 24 kDa subunit, were identified, and they may have some relationship with the programmed cell death, reactive oxygen species accumulation and energy deficiencies, which might lead to soybean male sterility. CONCLUSIONS The present study is the first to use deep sequencing technology to identify miRNAs and their targets in the flower buds of the soybean CMS line NJCMS1A and its maintainer NJCMS1B. The results revealed that the miRNAs might participate in flower and pollen development, which could facilitate our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind CMS in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlong Ding
- Soybean Research Institute, National Center for Soybean Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General), State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
| | - Jiajia Li
- Soybean Research Institute, National Center for Soybean Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General), State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- Soybean Research Institute, National Center for Soybean Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General), State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
| | - Tingting He
- Soybean Research Institute, National Center for Soybean Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General), State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
| | - Shaohuai Han
- Soybean Research Institute, National Center for Soybean Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General), State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
| | - Yanwei Li
- Soybean Research Institute, National Center for Soybean Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General), State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
| | - Shouping Yang
- Soybean Research Institute, National Center for Soybean Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General), State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
| | - Junyi Gai
- Soybean Research Institute, National Center for Soybean Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General), State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
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Jin Y, Zhang C, Liu W, Tang Y, Qi H, Chen H, Cao S. The Alcohol Dehydrogenase Gene Family in Melon (Cucumis melo L.): Bioinformatic Analysis and Expression Patterns. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:670. [PMID: 27242871 PMCID: PMC4870255 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH), encoded by multigene family in plants, play a critical role in plant growth, development, adaptation, fruit ripening and aroma production. Thirteen ADH genes were identified in melon genome, including 12 ADHs and one formaldehyde dehydrogenease (FDH), designated CmADH1-12 and CmFDH1, in which CmADH1 and CmADH2 have been isolated in Cantaloupe. ADH genes shared a lower identity with each other at the protein level and had different intron-exon structure at nucleotide level. No typical signal peptides were found in all CmADHs, and CmADH proteins might locate in the cytoplasm. The phylogenetic tree revealed that 13 ADH genes were divided into three groups respectively, namely long-, medium-, and short-chain ADH subfamily, and CmADH1,3-11, which belongs to the medium-chain ADH subfamily, fell into six medium-chain ADH subgroups. CmADH12 may belong to the long-chain ADH subfamily, while CmFDH1 may be a Class III ADH and serve as an ancestral ADH in melon. Expression profiling revealed that CmADH1, CmADH2, CmADH10 and CmFDH1 were moderately or strongly expressed in different vegetative tissues and fruit at medium and late developmental stages, while CmADH8 and CmADH12 were highly expressed in fruit after 20 days. CmADH3 showed preferential expression in young tissues. CmADH4 only had slight expression in root. Promoter analysis revealed several motifs of CmADH genes involved in the gene expression modulated by various hormones, and the response pattern of CmADH genes to ABA, IAA and ethylene were different. These CmADHs were divided into ethylene-sensitive and -insensitive groups, and the functions of CmADHs were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang, China
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural UniversityDaqing, China
- *Correspondence: Hongyan Qi, ; ; Yazhong Jin,
| | - Chong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Yufan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Hongyan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Hongyan Qi, ; ; Yazhong Jin,
| | - Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Songxiao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang, China
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Abstract
The structures, evolution and functions of alcohol dehydrogenase gene families and their products have been scrutinized for half a century. Our understanding of the enzyme structure and catalytic activity of plant alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-P) is based on the vast amount of information available for its animal counterpart. The probable origins of the enzyme from a simple β-coil and eventual emergence from a glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase have been well described. There is compelling evidence that the small ADH gene families found in plants today are the survivors of multiple rounds of gene expansion and contraction. To the probable original function of their products in the terminal reaction of anaerobic fermentation have been added roles in yeast-like aerobic fermentation and the production of characteristic scents that act to attract animals that serve as pollinators or agents of seed dispersal and to protect against herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Strommer
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Garabagi F, Duns G, Strommer J. Selective recruitment of Adh genes for distinct enzymatic functions in Petunia hybrida. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2005; 58:283-94. [PMID: 16027979 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-005-3545-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2005] [Accepted: 03/10/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity in plants is generally associated with glycolytic fermentation, which facilitates cell survival during episodes of low-oxygen stress in water-logged roots as well as chronically hypoxic regions surrounding the vascular core. Work with tobacco and potato has implicated ADH activity in additional metabolic roles, including aerobic fermentation, acetaldehyde detoxification and carbon reutilization. Here a combination of approaches has been used to examine tissue-specific patterns of Adh gene expression in order to provide insight into the potential roles of alcohol dehydrogenases, using Petunia hybrida, a solanaceous species with well-characterized genetics. A reporter-gene study, relying on the promoters of Adh1 and Adh2 to drive expression of the gene for a green fluorescent protein derivative, mgfp5, revealed unexpectedly complex patterns of GFP fluorescence in floral tissues, particularly the stigma, style and nectary. Results of GC-MS analysis suggest the association of ADH with production of aromatic compounds in the nectary. Overall the results demonstrate selective recruitment of Adh gene family members in tissues and organs associated with diverse ADH functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freydoun Garabagi
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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