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Aznab M, Shahhosseini R, Safaei M, Mozaffari HR. Salivary and serum levels of soluble E-cadherin in patients with gastrointestinal cancers: A comparative study. J Cancer Res Ther 2023; 19:1982-1987. [PMID: 38376307 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_702_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
AIM According to the literature, high levels of salivary soluble E-cadherin may be lined to advanced stage and poor prognosis in cancers. This research aimed at comparing salivary and serum levels of soluble E-cadherin in cases with esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancers. METHODS This case-control research was performed on 68 patients with gastrointestinal cancers and 57 healthy volunteers as a control group to measure salivary and serum levels of soluble E-cadherin using ELISA kits. RESULTS The results showed a statistically significant difference between salivary and serum levels of soluble E-cadherin in the case group, as opposed to the control group (P = 0.031). The salivary level of soluble E-cadherin in the control group was 2.138 ng/mL on average lower than that that in the case group. The median salivary level of soluble E-cadherin among cases with lymph node involvement was significantly higher compared with its median level in the control group (P = 0.049). Soluble E-cadherin salivary level and other variables, such as metastasis and cancer stage, were directly correlated, but it was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION According to the findings, the salivary level of soluble E-cadherin among cases with gastric cancer could be considered as a prognostic marker, but the diagnostic value of saliva could not be judged in esophageal and colorectal cancers because of small sample size, and more investigations are required for a definite conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozaffar Aznab
- Medical Oncologist-Hematologist, Department of Internal Medicine, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Safaei
- Advanced Dental Sciences Research Center, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Mozaffari
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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2
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Chen W, Ye S, Wang X, Qian J, Xia L, Tian Z. Soluble E-cadherin promotes invasiveness of neoplastic cells in salivary gland carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2023; 52:63-71. [PMID: 36445289 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soluble E-cadherin (sEcad), a tumor suppressor gene, has pro-oncogenic effects by binding to human epithelial growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2). In our previous study, 1/3 of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) cases had HER-2 amplification, which is associated with tumorigenesis and malignancy. This study examines the role of sEcad in HER-2 amplified CXPA. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to examine E-cadherin (Ecad) expression in HER-2-amplified CXPA samples (n = 35). Western blot and ELISA were used to detect sEcad in two samples with Ecad and HER-2 overexpression and CXPA cell line. Lentivirus-mediated transfection was performed to knock down sEcad in CXPA cells. The cell proliferation, wound healing, and transwell assays were used to compare sEcad-knockdown cells with cells pretreated with recombinant human sEcad (rhEcad/Fc). sEcad and HER-2 interaction was determined through co-immunoprecipitation. RNA-sequencing, differential expression analysis, GO and KEGG analysis were used to identify sEcad-related signaling pathways and their protein phosphorylation levels were verified by western blotting. RESULTS Ecad was overexpressed in 77.1% of HER-2-positive CXPA, and sEcad was found in the CXPA cell line and two samples. sEcad promoted CXPA migration and invasion in vitro without sEcad and HER-2 interaction. sEcad-related differentially expressed genes were enriched in the IL-17, cAMP, and MAPK signaling pathways. Furthermore, sEcad activated the phosphorylation of Akt and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS Most HER-2+ CXPAs express Ecad. sEcad could affect the invasiveness and migration of in vitro CXPA cells without HER-2. sEcad may be a therapeutic biomarker for CXPA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanling Chen
- Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Sai Ye
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajun Qian
- Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Xia
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Tian
- Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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3
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Biomarkers to Detect Early-Stage Colorectal Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020255. [PMID: 35203465 PMCID: PMC8869393 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. The high incidence and the acceleration of incidence in younger people reinforces the need for better techniques of early detection. The use of noninvasive biomarkers has potential to more accurately inform how patients are prioritised for clinical investigation, which, in turn, may ultimately translate into improved survival for those subsequently found to have curable-stage CRC. This review surveys a wide range of CRC biomarkers that may (alone or in combination) identify symptomatic patients presenting in primary care who should be progressed for clinical investigation.
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Azcue P, Guerrero Setas D, Encío I, Ibáñez-Beroiz B, Mercado M, Vera R, Gómez-Dorronsoro ML. A Novel Prognostic Biomarker Panel for Early-Stage Colon Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5909. [PMID: 34885019 PMCID: PMC8656725 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular characterization of colorectal cancer has helped us understand better the biology of the disease. However, previous efforts have yet to provide significant clinical value in order to be integrated into clinical practice for patients with early-stage colon cancer (CC). The purpose of this study was to assess PD-L1, GLUT-1, e-cadherin, MUC2, CDX2, and microsatellite instability (dMMR) and to propose a risk-panel with prognostic capabilities. Biomarkers were immunohistochemically assessed through tissue microarrays in a cohort of 144 patients with stage II/III colon cancer. A biomarker panel consisting of PD-L1, GLUT-1, dMMR, and potentially CDX2 was constructed that divided patients into low, medium, and high risk of overall survival or disease-free survival (DFS) in equally sized groups. Compared with low-risk patients, medium-risk patients have almost twice the risk of death (HR = 2.10 (0.99-4.46), p = 0.054), while high-risk patients have almost four times the risk (HR = 3.79 (1.77-8.11), p = 0.001). The multivariate goodness of fit was 0.756 and was correlated with Kaplan-Meier curves (p = 0.002). Consistent results were found for DFS. This study provides a critical basis for the future development of an immunohistochemical assessment capable of discerning early-stage CC patients as a function of their prognosis. This tool may aid with treatment personalization in daily clinical practice and improve survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Azcue
- Department of Health Science, Public University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (I.E.); (B.I.-B.)
| | - David Guerrero Setas
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (D.G.S.); (M.M.)
- Campus Arrosadia, Public University of Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
- Molecular Pathology of Cancer Group–Navarrabiomed, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Ignacio Encío
- Department of Health Science, Public University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (I.E.); (B.I.-B.)
- Institute for Health Research Navarra (IdISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Berta Ibáñez-Beroiz
- Department of Health Science, Public University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (I.E.); (B.I.-B.)
- Institute for Health Research Navarra (IdISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Unit of Methodology-Navarrabiomed-University Hospital of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Research Network on Health Services Research and Chronic Diseases (REDISSEC), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Mercado
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (D.G.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Ruth Vera
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Institute for Health Research Navarra (IdISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Luisa Gómez-Dorronsoro
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (D.G.S.); (M.M.)
- Institute for Health Research Navarra (IdISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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5
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Montalbán-Hernández K, Cantero-Cid R, Lozano-Rodríguez R, Pascual-Iglesias A, Avendaño-Ortiz J, Casalvilla-Dueñas JC, Bonel Pérez GC, Guevara J, Marcano C, Barragán C, Valentín J, del Fresno C, Aguirre LA, López Collazo E. Soluble SIGLEC5: A New Prognosis Marker in Colorectal Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3896. [PMID: 34359797 PMCID: PMC8345516 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most deadly and third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. There is significant heterogeneity among patients with CRC, which hinders the search for a standard approach for the detection of this disease. Therefore, the identification of robust prognostic markers for patients with CRC represents an urgent clinical need. In search of such biomarkers, a total of 114 patients with colorectal cancer and 67 healthy participants were studied. Soluble SIGLEC5 (sSIGLEC5) levels were higher in plasma from patients with CRC compared with healthy volunteers. Additionally, sSIGLEC5 levels were higher in exitus than in survivors, and the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed sSIGLEC5 to be an exitus predictor (area under the curve 0.853; cut-off > 412.6 ng/mL) in these patients. A Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with high levels of sSIGLEC5 had significantly shorter overall survival (hazard ratio 15.68; 95% CI 4.571-53.81; p ≤ 0.0001) than those with lower sSIGLEC5 levels. Our study suggests that sSIGLEC5 is a soluble prognosis marker and exitus predictor in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Montalbán-Hernández
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (K.M.-H.); (R.C.-C.); (R.L.-R.); (A.P.-I.); (J.A.-O.); (J.C.C.-D.); (G.C.B.P.); (J.G.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (J.V.); (C.d.F.); (L.A.A.)
- Tumor Immunology Lab, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón Cantero-Cid
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (K.M.-H.); (R.C.-C.); (R.L.-R.); (A.P.-I.); (J.A.-O.); (J.C.C.-D.); (G.C.B.P.); (J.G.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (J.V.); (C.d.F.); (L.A.A.)
- Tumor Immunology Lab, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Lozano-Rodríguez
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (K.M.-H.); (R.C.-C.); (R.L.-R.); (A.P.-I.); (J.A.-O.); (J.C.C.-D.); (G.C.B.P.); (J.G.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (J.V.); (C.d.F.); (L.A.A.)
- Tumor Immunology Lab, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Pascual-Iglesias
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (K.M.-H.); (R.C.-C.); (R.L.-R.); (A.P.-I.); (J.A.-O.); (J.C.C.-D.); (G.C.B.P.); (J.G.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (J.V.); (C.d.F.); (L.A.A.)
- Tumor Immunology Lab, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Avendaño-Ortiz
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (K.M.-H.); (R.C.-C.); (R.L.-R.); (A.P.-I.); (J.A.-O.); (J.C.C.-D.); (G.C.B.P.); (J.G.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (J.V.); (C.d.F.); (L.A.A.)
- Tumor Immunology Lab, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research Network of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Carlos Casalvilla-Dueñas
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (K.M.-H.); (R.C.-C.); (R.L.-R.); (A.P.-I.); (J.A.-O.); (J.C.C.-D.); (G.C.B.P.); (J.G.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (J.V.); (C.d.F.); (L.A.A.)
- Tumor Immunology Lab, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Cristina Bonel Pérez
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (K.M.-H.); (R.C.-C.); (R.L.-R.); (A.P.-I.); (J.A.-O.); (J.C.C.-D.); (G.C.B.P.); (J.G.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (J.V.); (C.d.F.); (L.A.A.)
- Tumor Immunology Lab, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jenny Guevara
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (K.M.-H.); (R.C.-C.); (R.L.-R.); (A.P.-I.); (J.A.-O.); (J.C.C.-D.); (G.C.B.P.); (J.G.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (J.V.); (C.d.F.); (L.A.A.)
- Tumor Immunology Lab, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristóbal Marcano
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (K.M.-H.); (R.C.-C.); (R.L.-R.); (A.P.-I.); (J.A.-O.); (J.C.C.-D.); (G.C.B.P.); (J.G.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (J.V.); (C.d.F.); (L.A.A.)
- Tumor Immunology Lab, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Barragán
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (K.M.-H.); (R.C.-C.); (R.L.-R.); (A.P.-I.); (J.A.-O.); (J.C.C.-D.); (G.C.B.P.); (J.G.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (J.V.); (C.d.F.); (L.A.A.)
- Tumor Immunology Lab, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Valentín
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (K.M.-H.); (R.C.-C.); (R.L.-R.); (A.P.-I.); (J.A.-O.); (J.C.C.-D.); (G.C.B.P.); (J.G.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (J.V.); (C.d.F.); (L.A.A.)
- Tumor Immunology Lab, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos del Fresno
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (K.M.-H.); (R.C.-C.); (R.L.-R.); (A.P.-I.); (J.A.-O.); (J.C.C.-D.); (G.C.B.P.); (J.G.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (J.V.); (C.d.F.); (L.A.A.)
- Tumor Immunology Lab, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Augusto Aguirre
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (K.M.-H.); (R.C.-C.); (R.L.-R.); (A.P.-I.); (J.A.-O.); (J.C.C.-D.); (G.C.B.P.); (J.G.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (J.V.); (C.d.F.); (L.A.A.)
- Tumor Immunology Lab, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo López Collazo
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (K.M.-H.); (R.C.-C.); (R.L.-R.); (A.P.-I.); (J.A.-O.); (J.C.C.-D.); (G.C.B.P.); (J.G.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (J.V.); (C.d.F.); (L.A.A.)
- Tumor Immunology Lab, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research Network of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Zemskova MY, Marinets MV, Sivkov AV, Pavlova JV, Shibaev AN, Sorokin KS. Integrin Alpha V in Urine: A Novel Noninvasive Marker for Prostate Cancer Detection. Front Oncol 2021; 10:610647. [PMID: 33791193 PMCID: PMC8006463 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.610647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis based on patient urine analysis provides non-invasive and promising method as compared to biopsy and a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test. This study was conceived to investigate whether Integrin alpha V (ITGAV) protein is present in urine and assess the urinary ITGAV diagnostic potential for PCa. Materials and Methods: Urinary ITGAV expression was determined by Western blot analysis and quantified by ELISA in urine from men with PCa (n = 47), benign prostate hyperplasia (n = 42) and age-matched controls (n = 22). Results: The level of ITGAV protein was significantly lower in PCa urine samples as compared to those in the control group (p < 0.00001). The decrease of ITGAV in urine was highly predictive of PCa with 91.5% sensitivity, 91.4% specificity, 0.93 area under the ROC curve, and its specificity was better than that of serum PSA. Conclusion: Urinary ITGAV provides a novel noninvasive biomarker with high specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Y Zemskova
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center, Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia.,Department of the Research, Prostagnost LLC, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria V Marinets
- N.A. Lopatkin Research Institute of Urology and Interventional Radiology, Branch of FSBI National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V Sivkov
- N.A. Lopatkin Research Institute of Urology and Interventional Radiology, Branch of FSBI National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Julia V Pavlova
- Department of Urology, M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI), Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey N Shibaev
- Department of Urology, M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI), Moscow, Russia
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7
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Xiao J, Zhou N, Li Y, Xiao Y, Chen W, Ye J, Ma T, Zhang Y. PEITC inhibits the invasion and migration of colorectal cancer cells by blocking TGF-β-induced EMT. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110743. [PMID: 34321176 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Tumor metastasis is the leading cause of death in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), in which epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) plays a vital role. However, the exact mechanisms of this process remain largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) in CRC metastasis by regulating EMT. MAIN METHODS Wound healing assays and Transwell matrix assays were used to evaluate the potential of PEITC to inhibit CRC cells invasion and migration in vitro. Western blotting, light microscopy and immunofluorescence assays were used to detect the occurrence of EMT. Luciferase activity assay, real time-PCR and western blotting were used to investigate TGF-β1/Smad signaling activity. KEY FINDINGS We observed that PEITC, an isothiocyanate compound from crucifer with chemopreventive potential, inhibited the invasion and migration of CRC cells. Moreover, we showed that PEITC regulated the EMT of CRC cells. Additionally, we demonstrated that PEITC blocked the activation of the TGF-β1/Smad pathway and significantly suppressed TGF-β1-induced EMT. SIGNIFICANCE Our results suggested that PEITC plays a crucial role in inhibiting the invasion and migration of CRC cells by regulating TGF-β1-induced EMT. The results of the present study provide a theoretical basis for the use of PEITC to treat CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xiao
- Department of Medicine Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
| | - Ningning Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yin Li
- Department of Endoscopy, Sun Yat-sen University Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yunyun Xiao
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Junwen Ye
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Tenghui Ma
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Medicine Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
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8
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Hasan S. An Overview of Promising Biomarkers in Cancer Screening and Detection. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2020; 20:831-852. [PMID: 32838718 DOI: 10.2174/1568009620666200824102418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Applications of biomarkers have been proved in oncology screening, diagnosis, predicting response to treatment as well as monitoring the progress of the disease. Considering the crucial role played by them during different disease stages, it is extremely important to evaluate, validate, and assess them to incorporate them into routine clinical care. In this review, the role of few most promising and successfully used biomarkers in cancer detection, i.e. PD-L1, E-Cadherin, TP53, Exosomes, cfDNA, EGFR, mTOR with regard to their structure, mode of action, and reports signifying their pathological significance, are addressed. Also, an overview of some successfully used biomarkers for cancer medicine has been presented. The study also summarizes biomarker-driven personalized cancer therapy i.e., approved targets and indications, as per the US FDA. The review also highlights the increasingly prominent role of biomarkers in drug development at all stages, with particular reference to clinical trials. The increasing utility of biomarkers in clinical trials is clearly evident from the trend shown, wherein ~55 percent of all oncology clinical trials in 2019 were seen to involve biomarkers, as opposed to ~ 15 percent in 2001, which clearly proves the essence and applicability of biomarkers for synergizing clinical information with tumor progression. Still, there are significant challenges in the implementation of these possibilities with strong evidence in cost-- effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Hasan
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
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9
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Luo C, Wang Y, Wei C, Chen Y, Ji Z. The anti-migration and anti-invasion effects of Bruceine D in human triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Exp Ther Med 2019; 19:273-279. [PMID: 31853299 PMCID: PMC6909795 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucein D (BD) is a naturally occurring major active quassinoid extracted from the Chinese medicinal herb Brucea javanica, which has been previously demonstrated to exhibit anticancer activities. The present study aimed to investigate the anticancer effects of BD on MDA-MB-231 cells, a human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line. An MTT assay was performed to assess cell viability, whilst wound healing and Transwell assay were applied to measure cell migration and invasion, respectively. Western blot analysis was performed to assess the expression of E-cadherin, vimentin and β-catenin, which are proteins associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT), and PI3K, AKT and p-AKT, which are key components of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. BD was indicated to reduce cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner, whilst cell invasion and migration were also significantly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot analysis demonstrated that BD treatment significantly upregulated the expression of E-cadherin and downregulated the expression of vimentin and β-catenin. Additionally, BD downregulated the expression of PI3K and reduced AKT phosphorylation. In conclusion, BD can inhibit MDA-MB-231 cell viability, migration and invasion, suggesting the potential use of BD for the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Luo
- Department of Oncology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Oncology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Wei
- Department of Oncology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Department of Oncology, Gaoyou People's Hospital, Gaoyou Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Gaoyou, Jiangsu 225600, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoning Ji
- Department of Oncology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
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10
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Molecular and proteomic insight into Notch1 characterization in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:39609-39626. [PMID: 27167202 PMCID: PMC5129957 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks fifth in frequency worldwide amongst all human cancers causing one million deaths annually. Despite many promising treatment options, long-term prognosis remains dismal for the majority of patients who develop recurrence or present with advanced disease. Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway crucial for the development and homeostasis of many organs including liver. Herein we showed that aberrant Notch1 is linked to HCC development, tumor recurrence and invasion, which might be mediated, at least in part, through the Notch1-E-Cadherin pathway. Collectively, these findings suggest that targeting Notch1 has important therapeutic value in hepatocellular carcinoma. In this regard, comparative analysis of the secretome of HepG2 and HepG2 Notch1 depleted cells identified novel secreted proteins related to Notch1 expression. Soluble E-Cadherin (sE-Cad) and Thrombospondin-1 (Thbs1) were further validated in human serum as potential biomarkers to predict response to Notch1 inhibitors for a tailored individualized therapy.
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11
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Christou N, Perraud A, Blondy S, Jauberteau MO, Battu S, Mathonnet M. The extracellular domain of E cadherin linked to invasiveness in colorectal cancer: a new resistance and relapses monitoring serum-bio marker? J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2017; 143:1177-1190. [PMID: 28289897 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-017-2382-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Multiple studies have attempted to demonstrate the interest of the cell adhesion marker, E cadherin, as a diagnostic and prognosis marker in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, it was considered non specific. MATERIALS AND METHODS Studies were carried out with CRC cell lines and patients' cohort operated for CRC. The expression of E cadherin was studied after 5 fluorouracil (5FU) treatment and correlated to CRC relapse, chemo-resistance and survival. RESULTS In CRC cell lines derived from high tumor stages, extracellular domain of E cadherin expression decreased after 5FU treatment whereas it increased in supernatants. Interestingly, only specific cleaved forms at 55 kDa of E cadherin were detected in supernatants. In CRC surgical patients, more importantly concerning extracellular E cadherin domain, a decreased expression was observed in tissues in function of CRC stages whereas an increased expression was found in sera. Moreover, there is an increasing trend of survival with weak serum E cadherin secretion, reinforcing the implication of this protein in CRC evolution. DISCUSSION The extracellular domain can be defined as a 5FU resistance marker and allow CRC monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Christou
- Laboratoire EA 3842, Homéostasie cellulaire et Pathologies, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France.
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche 145 GEIST « Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé et Thérapeutiques », Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France.
- Service de chirurgie digestive générale et endocrinienne, CHRU de Limoges, 2 rue Martin Luther King, 87042, Limoges Cedex, France.
| | - Aurélie Perraud
- Laboratoire EA 3842, Homéostasie cellulaire et Pathologies, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche 145 GEIST « Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé et Thérapeutiques », Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France
- Service de chirurgie digestive générale et endocrinienne, CHRU de Limoges, 2 rue Martin Luther King, 87042, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Sabrina Blondy
- Laboratoire EA 3842, Homéostasie cellulaire et Pathologies, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche 145 GEIST « Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé et Thérapeutiques », Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Marie-Odile Jauberteau
- Laboratoire EA 3842, Homéostasie cellulaire et Pathologies, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche 145 GEIST « Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé et Thérapeutiques », Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Serge Battu
- Laboratoire EA 3842, Homéostasie cellulaire et Pathologies, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche 145 GEIST « Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé et Thérapeutiques », Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Muriel Mathonnet
- Laboratoire EA 3842, Homéostasie cellulaire et Pathologies, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche 145 GEIST « Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé et Thérapeutiques », Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France
- Service de chirurgie digestive générale et endocrinienne, CHRU de Limoges, 2 rue Martin Luther King, 87042, Limoges Cedex, France
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12
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Christou N, Perraud A, Blondy S, Jauberteau MO, Battu S, Mathonnet M. E-cadherin: A potential biomarker of colorectal cancer prognosis. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:4571-4576. [PMID: 28588719 PMCID: PMC5452924 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common and lethal disease. It is the third most common type of cancer in the world, behind lung and breast cancer, with almost 1.4 million new cases diagnosed in 2012. The risk of developing CRC is influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Adenocarcinomas comprise the vast majority (98%) of CRCs. A patient's likelihood of survival is associated with the tumor stage at the time of diagnosis. With regular screening, CRC can be identified early, when treatment is the most effective. However, CRC is typically asymptomatic until the advanced stages. The combination of the absence of symptoms and current screening methodology results in a significant number of patients being diagnosed in advanced stages. The purpose of the present review is to discuss and summarize the biomarkers linked to CRC progression, particularly the controversial E-cadherin, which is a calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecule involved in the mesenchymal-epithelial transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Christou
- Cellular Homeostasis and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, GEIST Institute, University of Limoges, F-87025 Limoges, France.,General, Endocrine and Digestive Surgery Department, University Hospital of Limoges, F-87042 Limoges, France
| | - Aurélie Perraud
- Cellular Homeostasis and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, GEIST Institute, University of Limoges, F-87025 Limoges, France.,General, Endocrine and Digestive Surgery Department, University Hospital of Limoges, F-87042 Limoges, France
| | - Sabrina Blondy
- Cellular Homeostasis and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, GEIST Institute, University of Limoges, F-87025 Limoges, France
| | - Marie-Odile Jauberteau
- Cellular Homeostasis and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, GEIST Institute, University of Limoges, F-87025 Limoges, France
| | - Serge Battu
- Cellular Homeostasis and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, GEIST Institute, University of Limoges, F-87025 Limoges, France.,General, Endocrine and Digestive Surgery Department, University Hospital of Limoges, F-87042 Limoges, France
| | - Muriel Mathonnet
- Cellular Homeostasis and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, GEIST Institute, University of Limoges, F-87025 Limoges, France.,General, Endocrine and Digestive Surgery Department, University Hospital of Limoges, F-87042 Limoges, France
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13
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Hu QP, Kuang JY, Yang QK, Bian XW, Yu SC. Beyond a tumor suppressor: Soluble E-cadherin promotes the progression of cancer. Int J Cancer 2016; 138:2804-12. [PMID: 26704932 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
E-cadherin (E-cad) plays important roles in tumorigenesis as well as in tumor progression, invasion and metastasis. This protein exists in two forms: a membrane-tethered form and a soluble form. Full-length E-cad is membrane tethered. As a type I transmembrane glycoprotein, E-cad mainly mediates adherens junctions between cells and is involved in maintaining the normal structure of epithelial tissues. Soluble E-cad (sE-cad) is the extracellular fragment of the protein that is cleaved from the membrane after proteolysis of full-length E-cad. The production of sE-cad undermines adherens junctions, causing a reduction in cell aggregation capacity; furthermore, sE-cad can diffuse into the extracellular environment and the blood. As a paracrine/autocrine signaling molecule, sE-cad activates or inhibits multiple signaling pathways and participates in the progression of various types of cancer, such as breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and lung cancer, by promoting invasion and metastasis. This article briefly reviews the role of sE-cad in tumorigenesis and tumor progression and its significance in clinical therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Ping Hu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jing-Ya Kuang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qing-Kai Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of DaLian Medical University, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, DaLian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Xiu-Wu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shi-Cang Yu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
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14
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Kamekura R, Nava P, Feng M, Quiros M, Nishio H, Weber DA, Parkos CA, Nusrat A. Inflammation-induced desmoglein-2 ectodomain shedding compromises the mucosal barrier. Mol Biol Cell 2015. [PMID: 26224314 PMCID: PMC4569309 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-03-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines promote desmoglein-2 (Dsg2) ectodomain shedding in intestinal epithelial cells. Epithelial exposure to Dsg2 ectodomains compromises intercellular adhesion while also promoting proliferation. These findings identify mechanisms by which mucosal inflammation–induced cleavage of Dsg2 influences intestinal epithelial homeostasis. Desmosomal cadherins mediate intercellular adhesion and control epithelial homeostasis. Recent studies show that proteinases play an important role in the pathobiology of cancer by targeting epithelial intercellular junction proteins such as cadherins. Here we describe the proinflammatory cytokine-induced activation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain–containing protein 10, which promote the shedding of desmosomal cadherin desmoglein-2 (Dsg2) ectodomains in intestinal epithelial cells. Epithelial exposure to Dsg2 ectodomains compromises intercellular adhesion by promoting the relocalization of endogenous Dsg2 and E-cadherin from the plasma membrane while also promoting proliferation by activation of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2/3 signaling. Cadherin ectodomains were detected in the inflamed intestinal mucosa of mice with colitis and patients with ulcerative colitis. Taken together, our findings reveal a novel response pathway in which inflammation-induced modification of columnar epithelial cell cadherins decreases intercellular adhesion while enhancing cellular proliferation, which may serve as a compensatory mechanism to promote repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Kamekura
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 0608556, Japan
| | - Porfirio Nava
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 Department of Physiology, Biophysics, and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Mexico DF 07360, Mexico
| | - Mingli Feng
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Miguel Quiros
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Hikaru Nishio
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Dominique A Weber
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Charles A Parkos
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Asma Nusrat
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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15
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Liang Z, Sun XY, Xu LC, Fu RZ. Abnormal expression of serum soluble E-cadherin is correlated with clinicopathological features and prognosis of breast cancer. Med Sci Monit 2014; 20:2776-82. [PMID: 25553984 PMCID: PMC4280058 DOI: 10.12659/msm.892049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased amounts of soluble E-cadherin (E-cad) have been found in the serum in various cancers, but the role of serum soluble E-cad in the prognosis of breast cancer patients has not been explored in Asian populations. MATERIAL/METHOD Blood samples from 111 consecutive patients diagnosed with breast cancer and 55 healthy controls were investigated.Serum soluble E-cad expression levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) with an immunoassay kit according to the manufacturer's directions. Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to evaluate the association between serum soluble E-cad expression level and survival. All statistical tests were 2-sided. RESULTS The serum levels of soluble E-cad in breast cancer patients were significantly higher than those of the control group (2218.9±319.6 ng/ml vs. 742.8±91.7 ng/ml, p<0.001). Serum levels of soluble E-cad correlated significantly with TNM stage (P=0.007), tumor grade (P=0.03), and lymph node metastasis (P<0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis with the log-rank test indicated that high serum levels of soluble E-cad had a significant impact on overall survival (55.4% vs. 81.4%; P=0.032) and disease-free survival (36.8% vs. 67.8%; P=0.002) in breast cancer. Multivariate analysis revealed that serum levels of soluble E-cad were independently associated with overall survival and disease-free survival in breast cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS Serum soluble E-cad level is an independent prognostic factor in Asian breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Liang
- Shandong University, Jinan, China (mainland)
| | - Xue-Yan Sun
- Reproductive Medical Center, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China (mainland)
| | - Li-Cheng Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China (mainland)
| | - Rong-Zhan Fu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China (mainland)
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16
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Levels of soluble E-cadherin in breast, gastric, and colorectal cancers. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:408047. [PMID: 25535613 PMCID: PMC4182303 DOI: 10.1155/2014/408047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Soluble E-cadherin is a 80 kDa protein fragment coming from the proteolytic cleavage of the extracellular domain of the full length epithelial cadherin, a molecule involved in cell adhesion/polarity and tissue morphogenesis. In comparison with normal epithelia, cancer cells show a decreased cadherin-mediated intercellular adhesion, and sE-cad levels normally increase in body fluids (blood and urine). This review focuses on soluble E-cadherin in sera of patients affected by three solid cancers (breast, gastric, and colorectal cancers) and how its levels correlate or not with some cancer parameters (e.g., dimension, progression, and localisation). We will describe the main proteomics approaches adopted to measure sE-cad both in vivo and in vitro and the most important findings about its behaviour in cancer dynamics.
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17
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Nava P, Kamekura R, Nusrat A. Cleavage of transmembrane junction proteins and their role in regulating epithelial homeostasis. Tissue Barriers 2014; 1:e24783. [PMID: 24665393 PMCID: PMC3879235 DOI: 10.4161/tisb.24783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial tissues form a selective barrier that separates the external environment from the internal tissue milieu. Single epithelial cells are densely packed and associate via distinct intercellular junctions. Intercellular junction proteins not only control barrier properties of the epithelium but also play an important role in regulating epithelial homeostasis that encompasses cell proliferation, migration, differentiation and regulated shedding. Recent studies have revealed that several proteases target epithelial junction proteins during physiological maturation as well as in pathologic states such as inflammation and cancer. This review discusses mechanisms and biological consequences of transmembrane junction protein cleavage. The influence of junction protein cleavage products on pathogenesis of inflammation and cancer is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Porfirio Nava
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta, GA USA ; Department of Physiology; Biophysics and Neurosciences; Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV); México DF, Mexico
| | - Ryuta Kamekura
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Asma Nusrat
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta, GA USA
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18
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Ung L, Lam AKY, Morris DL, Chua TC. Tissue-based biomarkers predicting outcomes in metastatic colorectal cancer: a review. Clin Transl Oncol 2014; 16:425-35. [PMID: 24458880 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-013-1154-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although there have been recent advances in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer, particularly with systemic chemotherapy, new biological agents and surgical metastasectomy, the disease remains difficult to treat. To personalise the management of mCRC and optimise patient outcomes, it is vital to acquire a deeper understanding of its natural history and mechanisms behind disease progression. This may be achieved by extensive study of tumour biomarkers: proteins or genetic alterations within neoplastic cells or their surrounding stroma that may be used to predict patient outcomes, disease trajectory and response to various therapies. The discovery of mutant Kirsten-RAS in determining patients who may be refractory to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor treatments has reinvigorated and reiterated the importance of our attempts to individualise cancer care. While many biomarkers have been studied and shown promise in the setting of mCRC, they are, with the exception of K-ras testing not used currently in a clinical setting due to conflicting results, small patient samples and methodological variations. Larger, multi-centric studies with uniform methods of tumour marker study are required to effectively tailor systemic therapies and select appropriate candidates for surgical metastasectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ung
- UNSW Department of Surgery, St. George Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2217, Australia
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19
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Parr-Sturgess CA, Tinker CL, Hart CA, Brown MD, Clarke NW, Parkin ET. Copper Modulates Zinc Metalloproteinase-Dependent Ectodomain Shedding of Key Signaling and Adhesion Proteins and Promotes the Invasion of Prostate Cancer Epithelial Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2012; 10:1282-93. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-12-0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Clinical Significance of Serum Soluble E-cadherin in Colorectal Carcinoma. J Surg Res 2012; 175:e67-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 10/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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21
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Buda A, Pignatelli M. E-cadherin and the cytoskeletal network in colorectal cancer development and metastasis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 18:133-43. [PMID: 22176698 DOI: 10.3109/15419061.2011.636465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abnormalities in the expression and functional activity of cell adhesion molecules are implicated in the development and progression of the majority of colorectal cancers (CRC). Cell-cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin regulates cell polarity, differentiation, proliferation and migration through its intimate association to the actin cytoskeletal network. During colorectal carcinogenesis changes in intercellular adhesion and dynamic rearrangements in the actin cytoskeleton result in altered signalling and migration with loss of contact inhibition. The adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) protein, besides its established role in the β catenin/Wnt signalling pathway, can coordinate microtubule and actin organization during cell migration. The actin-bundling protein Fascin promotes cell motility and is overexpressed in CRC. Based on recent molecular and pathological studies, this review focusses on the role of these molecules sharing the common feature of being associated with the cytoskeletal network during colorectal carcinogenesis and metastasis. The potential use of these molecules as prognostic markers and/or therapeutic targets will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Buda
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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22
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Weiss JV, Klein-Scory S, Kübler S, Reinacher-Schick A, Stricker I, Schmiegel W, Schwarte-Waldhoff I. Soluble E-cadherin as a serum biomarker candidate: elevated levels in patients with late-stage colorectal carcinoma and FAP. Int J Cancer 2011; 128:1384-92. [PMID: 20473926 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Various strategies have been tested to identify serum biomarkers in patients with cancer. Recently, the entire of proteins released by cultured tumor cells into the media, the so-called secretome, has been suggested as a promising source for biomarker discovery. Ectodomains of membrane proteins cleaved from the cell surface represent a surprisingly abundant and apparently stable subset of this subproteome. Aiming for the detection of serum biomarkers for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), we have previously detected significant amounts of the soluble form of E-cadherin in the secretomes of CRC cells. Here, we report a comprehensive analysis of sE-cadherin levels in sera from patients with CRC, colorectal adenoma, inflammatory bowel disease and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Whereas mean sE-cadherin levels in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (mean: 4.7 μg/ml, SD: 1.5 μg/ml), with adenomas (mean: 4.6 μg/ml, SD: 3.0 μg/ml) and early stage cancers (mean: 4.9 μg/ml, SD: 4.7 μg/ml) do not significantly differ from healthy controls (mean: 4.8 μg/ml, SD: 1.9 μg/ml), patients with Stage III and Stage IV carcinomas display a significant increase (mean: 6.1 μg/ml, SD: 2.6 μg/ml). In individual patients with late-stage CRC, sE-cadherin serum levels directly reflect their disease status over time. These findings suggest a potential application of sE-cadherin as an alternative diagnostic biomarker for monitoring disease particularly in patients with carcinoembryonic antigen negative tumors. In patients with FAP, on the other hand, we also detected a significant increase of serum sE-cadherin levels (mean: 5.8 μg/ml, SD: 2.8 μg/ml), but this was regardless of their tumor load and colectomy status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob V Weiss
- Medizinische Universitätsklinik, Knappschaftskrankenhaus, IMBL, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Chung Y, Law S, Kwong DLW, Luk JM. Serum soluble E-cadherin is a potential prognostic marker in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Dis Esophagus 2011; 24:49-55. [PMID: 20807231 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2010.01093.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
E-cadherin is a well-documented tumor suppressor with downregulated expression in many cancer types. Upon proteolytic cleavage, a soluble form of 80-kDa degradation fragment, known as soluble E-cadherin (s-Ecad), is present in circulation; its level in sera of cancer patients is significantly associated with metastasis, recurrence, and prognosis in some malignancies. The present study investigated the association of s-Ecad with clinicopathological characteristics of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and its prognostic significance. A cohort of 97 patients who underwent surgery alone (n= 56) or neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy and surgery (CRT) (n= 41) was recruited for this study. Serum samples were collected at operation (surgery group) and pre- and post-CRT treatment (CRT group) for measurement of s-Ecad protein by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Serum s-Ecad levels were correlated with clinicopathological parameters as well as survival. Univariate analysis showed no significant relationship between serum s-Ecad level and clinicopathological parameters for all sets of samples. Survival analysis showed that in patients who had surgical resection only, those with s-Ecad levels equal to or below the median value survived significantly longer than those with levels above the median (median survival 25.6 vs. 14.1 months, P= 0.012). Multivariate analysis showed that pathological N stage, M stage, R category, and serum s-Ecad level were significant independent prognostic factors for ESCC patients who underwent surgery only. The hazard ratio for s-Ecad was 1.104 (95% CI: 1.026-1.187) and P= 0.008. Serum s-Ecad was detected in ESCC patients and its potential as an independent prognostic marker requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chung
- Department of Surgery, Division of Esophageal and Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
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24
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Gogali A, Charalabopoulos K, Zampira I, Konstantinidis AK, Tachmazoglou F, Daskalopoulos G, Constantopoulos SH, Dalavanga Y. Soluble adhesion molecules E-cadherin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and E-selectin as lung cancer biomarkers. Chest 2010; 138:1173-9. [PMID: 20495107 DOI: 10.1378/chest.10-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered levels of circulating adhesion molecules found in several carcinomas, including lung cancer, reflect local loss of diffusion barriers and tumor volume and can be potentially used as biomarkers. In the present study, we investigated the role of soluble E-cadherin (sE-cad), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), and soluble E-selectin (sE-sel) as biomarkers in lung cancer. METHODS Sixty-two patients with recently diagnosed lung cancer, 42 with small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and 20 with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), as well as 29 healthy volunteers were enrolled. Blood samples were collected at the time of diagnosis and measurement of soluble adhesion molecules in the serum samples was performed by enzyme-linked immunoassay using monoclonal antibodies against E-cadherin, E-selectin, and ICAM-1. RESULTS Serum levels of sE-cad, sE-sel, and sICAM-1 in both SCLC and NSCLC were significantly elevated compared with control subjects (P < .001). In addition, patients with SCLC or NSCLC with distant metastasis had a marked increase of sE-Cad (P < .001), but no such correlation with sE-sel and sICAM-1 was found. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that sE-cad, sE-sel, and sICAM-1 have an adjunctive diagnostic role in lung cancer. Furthermore, sE-cad may also have a prognostic role and could be a useful biomarker in the prediction of lung cancer outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athena Gogali
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Section, Medical School of the University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45500, Greece
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Makrilia N, Kollias A, Manolopoulos L, Syrigos K. Cell adhesion molecules: role and clinical significance in cancer. Cancer Invest 2009; 27:1023-37. [PMID: 19909018 DOI: 10.3109/07357900902769749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that alterations in the adhesion properties of neoplastic cells endow them with an invasive and migratory phenotype. Indeed, changes in the expression or function of cell adhesion molecules have been implicated in all steps of tumor progression, including detachment of tumor cells from the primary site, intravasation into the blood stream, extravasation into distant target organs, and formation of the secondary lesions. This review presents recent data regarding the role of cell adhesion molecules in tumor development and progress with concern to their clinical exploitation as potential biomarkers in neoplastic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nektaria Makrilia
- Oncology Unit, 3rd Department of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital, Athens School of Medicine, Greece
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26
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Chang YH, Wu CC, Chang KP, Yu JS, Chang YC, Liao PC. Cell Secretome Analysis Using Hollow Fiber Culture System Leads to the Discovery of CLIC1 Protein as a Novel Plasma Marker for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:5465-74. [DOI: 10.1021/pr900454e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hwa Chang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Lin-Kou, Taiwan, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, and
| | - Chih-Ching Wu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Lin-Kou, Taiwan, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, and
| | - Kai-Ping Chang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Lin-Kou, Taiwan, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, and
| | - Jau-Song Yu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Lin-Kou, Taiwan, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, and
| | - Yu-Chen Chang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Lin-Kou, Taiwan, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, and
| | - Pao-Chi Liao
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Lin-Kou, Taiwan, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, and
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Wilmanns C, Steinhauer S, Grossmann J, Ruf G. Site-dependent differences in clinical, pathohistological, and molecular parameters in metastatic colon cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2009; 5:458-65. [PMID: 19564929 PMCID: PMC2702829 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.5.458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2009] [Accepted: 06/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose was to develop a metastatic score specific to the hepatic and peritoneal site in colorectal cancer patients from clinical, pathohistological and molecular markers potentially reflecting oncogenic activation (OA) or epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), where OA may reflect an activation and EMT the functional loss of certain genes. The primary tumour stage (OA, EMT), lymphonodal stage (OA), the presence of a lymphangiosis carcinomatosa (OA), histological grade (OA, EMT), and immunoblot extraction of E-cadherin (OA, EMT) were differentially rated with zero to one or two points due to their potential contribution to each process and the resulting scores were validated in 27 colorectal cancer patients (three patients with pre-malignant adenomas, 16 with primaries and two with local recurrencies, three of which were metastatic to the peritoneum, six metastatic to the liver and two metastatic to both, the liver and the peritoneum, and five with hepatic secondaries, one of which at histology was metastatic to the peritoneum too). As a single parameter only the N-stage significantly contributed to OA (p<0.05). Median OA and EMT scores, however, were 3.5 and 2 in the case of primaries without further spread, 5 and 4 in those nodal positive, 5 and 4 in the case of peritoneal implants, 6 and 2 in the case of liver metastases, and 6.5 and 3 in the case of a simultaneous hepatic and peritoneal spread, respectively. These differences were significant when scores from patients with and without liver metastases (OA, p<0.002) or with peritoneal implants and isolated hepatic spread (EMT, p<0.01) were compared. The results suggest a site-specific contribution of OA and EMT to tumour progression in human colon cancer.
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Najy AJ, Day KC, Day ML. The ectodomain shedding of E-cadherin by ADAM15 supports ErbB receptor activation. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:18393-401. [PMID: 18434311 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m801329200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The zinc-dependent disintegrin metalloproteinases (a disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs) have been implicated in several disease processes, including human cancer. Previously, we demonstrated that the expression of a catalytically active member of the ADAM family, ADAM15, is associated with the progression of prostate and breast cancer. The accumulation of the soluble ectodomain of E-cadherin in human serum has also been associated with the progression of prostate and breast cancer and is thought to be mediated by metalloproteinase shedding. Utilizing two complementary models, overexpression and stable short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of ADAM15 in breast cancer cells, we demonstrated that ADAM15 cleaves E-cadherin in response to growth factor deprivation. We also demonstrated that the extracellular shedding of E-cadherin was abrogated by a metalloproteinase inhibitor and through the introduction of a catalytically inactive mutation in ADAM15. We have made the novel observation that this soluble E-cadherin fragment was found in complex with the HER2 and HER3 receptors in breast cancer cells. These interactions appeared to stabilize HER2 heterodimerization with HER3 and induced receptor activation and signaling through the Erk pathway, supporting both cell migration and proliferation. In this study, we provide evidence that ADAM15 catalyzes the cleavage of E-cadherin to generate a soluble fragment that in turn binds to and stimulates ErbB receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdo J Najy
- Department of Urology and Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Tumor response to combination celecoxib and erlotinib therapy in non-small cell lung cancer is associated with a low baseline matrix metalloproteinase-9 and a decline in serum-soluble E-cadherin. J Thorac Oncol 2008; 3:117-24. [PMID: 18303430 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0b013e3181622bef] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cyclooxygenase-2 overexpression may mediate resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibition through prostaglandin E2-dependent promotion of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Suppression of epithelial markers, such as E-cadherin, can lead to resistance to erlotinib. Prostaglandin E2 down-regulates E-cadherin expression by up-regulating transcriptional repressors, including ZEB1 and Snail. Furthermore, E-cadherin can be modulated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs), promoting tumor invasion and metastasis. Markers of EMT and tumor invasion were evaluated in patient serum from a phase I clinical trial investigating the combination of celecoxib and erlotinib in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. METHODS Samples from 22 subjects were evaluated. Soluble E-cadherin (sEC) was evaluated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in patient serum at baseline, week 4, and week 8 of treatment. Other markers of EMT and angiogenesis were evaluated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, including MMP-9, TIMP-1, and CCL15. RESULTS Serum sEC, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and CCL15 levels were determined at baseline and week 8. Patients with a partial response to therapy had a significant decrease in sEC, TIMP-1, and CCL15 at week 8. In patients who responded to the combination therapy, baseline MMP-9 was significantly lower compared with nonresponders (p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS sEC, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and CCL15 levels correlate with response to combination therapy with erlotinib and celecoxib in patients with NSCLC. A randomized phase II trial is planned comparing erlotinib and celecoxib with erlotinib plus placebo in advanced NSCLC. This study will prospectively assess these and other biomarkers in serum and tumor tissue.
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Soluble cadherins as cancer biomarkers. Clin Exp Metastasis 2007; 24:685-97. [PMID: 17952616 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-007-9104-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2007] [Accepted: 09/19/2007] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Molecular activities, regulating a balanced tissue organisation, are frequently disturbed during cancer progression. These include protein ectodomain shedding, a post-translational process that substantially changes the functional properties of the substrate protein. In comparison with normal epithelia, cancer cells almost invariably show diminished cadherin-mediated intercellular adhesion. This review will address cadherin ectodomain shedding and its functional consequence in normal physiology and in the tumor environment. Soluble cadherin fragments may retain specific biological activities during cancer cell invasion, angiogenesis and perineural invasion. When diffusion barriers disappear, soluble cadherins are detected in sera from cancer patients. Soluble N-(neural) cadherin may represent a novel diagnosis/prognostic biomarker showing a correlation with PSA in sera of prostate cancer patients. Furthermore, therapeutic monitoring in pancreas adenomacarcinoma revealed a correlation between circulating soluble N-cadherin and CA 19-9. A better understanding of cadherin regulation in cancer progression will likely increase our awareness of the importance of the combinatorial signals that regulate tissue integrity and eventually result in the identification of new therapeutics targeting cadherins.
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Barbolina MV, Stack MS. Membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase: substrate diversity in pericellular proteolysis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2007; 19:24-33. [PMID: 17702616 PMCID: PMC2685078 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2007.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2007] [Accepted: 06/29/2007] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes in the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family have been linked to key events in developmental biology for almost 50 years. Biochemical, cellular and in vivo analyses have established that pericellular proteolysis contributes to numerous aspects of ontogeny including ovulation, fertilization, implantation, cellular migration, tissue remodeling and repair. Surface anchoring of proteinase activity provides spatial restrictions on substrate targeting. This review will utilize membrane type 1 MMP (MT1-MMP) as an example to highlight substrate diversity in pericellular proteolysis catalyzed by a membrane anchored MMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V. Barbolina
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - M. Sharon Stack
- Department of Pathology & Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia MO 65212
- To whom the correspondence should be addressed: M. Sharon Stack, Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, One Hospital Drive, M214E, Columbia, MO 65212, Ph. 573-884-7301,
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