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Chan‐Serafin S, Sanders K, Wang L, Restubog SLD. The adoption of human resource practices to support employees affected by intimate partner violence: Women representation in leadership matters. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/hrm.22157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Chan‐Serafin
- School of Management and Governance, UNSW Business School University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Karin Sanders
- School of Management and Governance, UNSW Business School University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Lu Wang
- Research School of Management, ANU College of Business and Economics Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Simon Lloyd D. Restubog
- School of Labor and Employment Relations and Department of Psychology University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
- UQ Business School The University of Queensland St Lucia Queensland Australia
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Kincaid R. Status, masculinity, and femininity at the intersection of age and gender. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2022; 105:102695. [PMID: 35659050 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2022.102695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although men are generally awarded greater status than women, little is known about how gendered ageism may affect the gender gap in status. Using an online survey experiment (N = 2473), this study examines how cultural beliefs about status, masculinity, and femininity are differentially affected by men's and women's age. Findings show that aging has little effect on men's perceived status, but aging drives both upswings and downswings in women's perceived status, giving men status advantages during early and late adulthood. Similarly, whereas aging does not affect men's perceived masculinity, aging drives upswings and downswings in women's perceived femininity, depending on current age. Perceived masculinity is more strongly linked to men's status than perceived femininity is to women's. Findings contribute to research on status and gendered ageism, and shed light on how age and gender combine to influence ubiquitous social judgments that are integral to the reproduction of social inequality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reilly Kincaid
- Purdue University Department of Sociology, 700 W State St, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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Cho Y, Kim S, You J, Han H, Kim M, Yoon S. How South Korean women leaders respond to their token status: assimilation and resistance. HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13678868.2021.1885207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yonjoo Cho
- Department of Human Resource Development, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Sehoon Kim
- Department of Organizational Leadership, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jieun You
- Institute for Educational Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Heeyoung Han
- Department of Medical Education, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Minjung Kim
- Department of Organizational Leadership, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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A race re-imaged, intersectional approach to academic mentoring: Exploring the perspectives and responses of womxn in science and engineering research. CONTEMPORARY EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cedpsych.2019.101786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Dickens DD, Womack VY, Dimes T. Managing hypervisibility: An exploration of theory and research on identity shifting strategies in the workplace among Black women. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cardador MT. Promoted Up But Also Out? The Unintended Consequences of Increasing Women’s Representation in Managerial Roles in Engineering. ORGANIZATION SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1287/orsc.2017.1132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Teresa Cardador
- School of Labor and Employment Relations, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61820
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Ennser-Jedenastik L. Campaigning on the welfare state: The impact of gender and gender diversity. JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN SOCIAL POLICY 2017; 27:215-228. [PMID: 28751817 PMCID: PMC5505229 DOI: 10.1177/0958928716685687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Social policy matters have long been considered women's issues. Extant research has documented a strong link between gender and the policies of the welfare state in the legislative, executive and electoral arenas. Yet what determines the strength of this association has largely been left unexplored. Drawing on tokenism theory, this article proposes gender diversity at the group level as a key explanatory factor. It hypothesizes that the gender gap in social policy diminishes as the female representation in a political party increases. To test this argument, it examines almost 8000 press releases issued by over 600 politicians during four election campaigns in Austria between 2002 and 2013. The analysis demonstrates that women talk more about social policy issues during election campaigns than men, but that this emphasis gap disappears for parties with a more equal gender balance. These results have important implications for our understanding of the politics of gender and social policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurenz Ennser-Jedenastik
- Laurenz Ennser-Jedenastik, University of Vienna, Department of Government, Rooseveltplatz 3/1, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Zhang G, Ding Y. Scholarly conformity: Origins, framework, applications and implications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/meet.14504901235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Ryan KM, King EB, Adis C, Gulick LMV, Peddie C, Hargraves R. Exploring the Asymmetrical Effects of Gender Tokenism on Supervisor-Subordinate Relationships. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2012.01025.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Duguid MM, Loyd DL, Tolbert PS. The Impact of Categorical Status, Numeric Representation, and Work Group Prestige on Preference for Demographically Similar Others: A Value Threat Approach. ORGANIZATION SCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.1287/orsc.1100.0565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Female tokens in high-prestige work groups: Catalysts or inhibitors of group diversification? ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND HUMAN DECISION PROCESSES 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2011.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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An Uncertainty Reduction Model of Relational Demography. RESEARCH IN PERSONNEL AND HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 2011. [DOI: 10.1108/s0742-7301(2011)0000030007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Yeagley EE, Subich LM, Tokar DM. Modeling college women's perceptions of elite leadership positions with Social Cognitive Career Theory. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2010.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Effets de l’asymétrie numérique entre hommes et femmes dans un groupe de travail : le rôle modérateur du contexte. ANNEE PSYCHOLOGIQUE 2010. [DOI: 10.4074/s0003503310001065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Viallon ML, Martinot D. Effets de l’asymétrie numérique entre hommes et femmes dans un groupe de travail : le rôle modérateur du contexte. ANNEE PSYCHOLOGIQUE 2010. [DOI: 10.3917/anpsy.101.0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Viallon ML, Martinot D. The effects of solo status on women’s and men’s success: The moderating role of the performance context. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY OF EDUCATION 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03173011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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White JB. Fail or flourish? Cognitive appraisal moderates the effect of solo status on performance. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2008; 34:1171-84. [PMID: 18678859 DOI: 10.1177/0146167208318404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
When everyone in a group shares a common social identity except one individual, the one who is different from the majority has solo status. Solo status increases one's visibility and performance pressure, which may result in stress. Stress has divergent effects on performance, and individuals' response to stressful situations is predicted by their cognitive appraisal (challenge or threat) of the situation. Two experiments test the hypothesis that cognitive appraisal moderates the effect of solo status on performance. Experiment 1 finds that at relatively high appraisal levels (resources exceed demands), solo status improves men's and women's performance; at relatively low appraisal levels, solo status hurts performance. Experiment 2 replicates this effect for solo status based on minimal group assignment. Results suggest that for individuals who feel challenged and not threatened by their work, it may help to be a solo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith B White
- Tuck School of Business, Dartmouth College, Hannover, NH 03755, USA.
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Bligh MC, Kohles JC. Negotiating Gender Role Expectations: Rhetorical Leadership and Women in the US Senate. LEADERSHIP 2008. [DOI: 10.1177/1742715008095187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The historical paucity of US women senators has provided little opportunity to study women at one of the highest and most prestigious leadership levels. Through a content analysis of 12 months of public discourse in a variety of media, we explore the rhetorical leadership of women senators as they carry out their elected roles. Results indicate that women senators use significantly less aggressive and more ambivalent speech when compared to political norms, and are less likely to use terms denoting accomplishment, praise and human interest. Overall, our results suggest that women continue to feel the effects of gender stereotypes and expectations in higher levels of political office, and these effects may have important negative implications for perceptions of their leadership and effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C. Bligh
- Claremont Graduate University, USA, and California State
University San Marcos, USA,
| | - Jeffrey C. Kohles
- Claremont Graduate University, USA, and California State
University San Marcos, USA,
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Carbonell JL, Castro Y. The Impact of a Leader Model on High Dominant Women’s Self-Selection for Leadership. SEX ROLES 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-008-9411-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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The Interplay among Stereotypes, Performance-Avoidance Goals, and Women's Math Performance Expectations. SEX ROLES 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-006-9345-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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