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Hueso JL, Mallada R, Santamaria J. Gas-solid contactors and catalytic reactors with direct microwave heating: Current status and perspectives. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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2
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Microwave-Assisted CO Oxidation over Perovskites as a Model Reaction for Exhaust Aftertreatment—A Critical Assessment of Opportunities and Challenges. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12070802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce a microwave (MW)-assisted heterogeneous catalytical setup, which we carefully examined for its thermal and performance characteristics. Although MW-assisted heterogeneous catalysis has been widely explored in the past, there is still need for attention towards the specific experimental details, which may complicate the interpretation of results and comparability in general. In this study we discuss technical and material related factors influencing the obtained data from MW-assisted heterogeneous catalysis, specifically in regards to the oxidation of carbon monoxide over a selected perovskite catalyst, which shall serve as a model reaction for exhaust gas aftertreatment. A high degree of comparability between different experiments, both in terms of setup and the catalysts, is necessary to draw conclusions regarding this promising technology. Despite significant interest from both fundamental and applied research, many questions and controversies still remain and are discussed in this study. A series of deciding parameters is presented and the influence on the data is discussed. To control these parameters is both a challenge but also an opportunity to gain advanced insight into MW-assisted catalysis and to develop new materials and processes. The results and discussion are based upon experiments conducted in a monomode MW-assisted catalysis system employing powdered solid-state perovskite oxides in a fixed bed reactor. The discussion covers critical aspects concerning the determination of the actual catalyst temperature, the homogeneity of the thermal distribution, time, and local temperature relaxation (i.e., thermal runaway effects and hotspot formation), particle size effects, gas flow considerations, and system design.
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Application of Microwave in Hydrogen Production from Methane Dry Reforming: Comparison Between the Conventional and Microwave-Assisted Catalytic Reforming on Improving the Energy Efficiency. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9070618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The microwave-assisted dry reforming of methane over Ni and Ni–MgO catalysts supported on activated carbon (AC) was studied with respect to reducing reaction energy consumption. In order to optimize the reforming reaction using the microwave setup, an inclusive study was performed on the effect of operating parameters, including the type of catalysts’ active metal and their concentration in the AC support, feed flow rate, and reaction temperature on the reaction conversion and H2/CO selectivity. The methane dry reforming was also carried out using conventional heating and the results were compared to those of microwave heating. The catalysts’ activity was increased under microwave heating and as a result, the feed conversion and hydrogen selectivity were enhanced in comparison to the conventional heating method. In addition, to improve the reactants’ conversion and products’ selectivity, the thermal analysis also clarified the crucial importance of microwave heating in enhancing the energy efficiency of the reaction compared to the conventional heating.
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Gangurde LS, Sturm GSJ, Devadiga TJ, Stankiewicz AI, Stefanidis GD. Complexity and Challenges in Noncontact High Temperature Measurements in Microwave-Assisted Catalytic Reactors. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017; 56:13379-13391. [PMID: 29170599 PMCID: PMC5695896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b02091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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The
complexity and challenges in noncontact temperature measurements
inside microwave-heated catalytic reactors are presented in this paper.
A custom-designed microwave cavity has been used to focus the microwave
field on the catalyst and enable monitoring of the temperature field
in 2D. A methodology to study the temperature distribution in the
catalytic bed by using a thermal camera in combination with a thermocouple
for a heterogeneous catalytic reaction (methane dry reforming) under
microwave heating has been demonstrated. The effects of various variables
that affect the accuracy of temperature recordings are discussed in
detail. The necessity of having at least one contact sensor, such
as a thermocouple, or some other microwave transparent sensor, is
recommended to keep track of the temperature changes occurring in
the catalytic bed during the reaction under microwave heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit S Gangurde
- Delft University of Technology, Process and Energy Department, Intensified Reaction and Separation Systems, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Guido S J Sturm
- Delft University of Technology, Process and Energy Department, Intensified Reaction and Separation Systems, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Tushar J Devadiga
- Delft University of Technology, Process and Energy Department, Intensified Reaction and Separation Systems, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Andrzej I Stankiewicz
- Delft University of Technology, Process and Energy Department, Intensified Reaction and Separation Systems, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Georgios D Stefanidis
- Delft University of Technology, Process and Energy Department, Intensified Reaction and Separation Systems, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB, Delft, The Netherlands.,Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Chemical Engineering Department, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Ramírez A, Hueso JL, Mallada R, Santamaría J. Ethylene epoxidation in microwave heated structured reactors. Catal Today 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sturm GSJ, Stankiewicz AI, Stefanidis GD. Microwave Reactor Concepts: From Resonant Cavities to Traveling Fields. ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES FOR GREEN CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782623632-00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Microwave chemistry has been investigated for nearly thirty years with many notable results being published on apparent process enhancement due to microwave exposure. Conclusive proof of beneficial microwave-chemical interactions is lacking though, as are design rules for successful implementation of microwave-chemical processing systems. In this chapter, the main cause for this is asserted to be the current absence both of suitable instrumentation for research, and processing equipment that merges chemistry with electromagnetic aspects. Several concepts are presented to show how these challenges may be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido S. J. Sturm
- Process and Energy Department, Delft University of Technology Leeghwaterstraat 39 2628 CB Delft The Netherlands
| | - Andrzej I. Stankiewicz
- Process and Energy Department, Delft University of Technology Leeghwaterstraat 39 2628 CB Delft The Netherlands
| | - Georgios D. Stefanidis
- Chemical Engineering Department, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Willem de Croylaan 46 3000 Leuven Belgium
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Zawadzki M, Okal J. Effect of Co and Fe substitution on catalytic VOCs removal on zinc aluminate. Catal Today 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2015.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Total oxidation of lean propane over α-Fe2O3 using microwaves as an energy source. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-014-0776-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Lahijani P, Zainal ZA, Mohamed AR, Mohammadi M. Microwave-enhanced CO2 gasification of oil palm shell char. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 158:193-200. [PMID: 24607454 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
CO2 gasification of oil palm shell (OPS) char to produce CO through the Boudouard reaction (C + CO2 ↔ 2CO) was investigated under microwave irradiation. A microwave heating system was developed to carry out the CO2 gasification in a packed bed of OPS char. The influence of char particle size, temperature and gas flow rate on CO2 conversion and CO evolution was considered. It was attempted to improve the reactivity of OPS char in gasification reaction through incorporation of Fe catalyst into the char skeleton. Very promising results were achieved in our experiments, where a CO2 conversion of 99% could be maintained during 60 min microwave-induced gasification of iron-catalyzed char. When similar gasification experiments were performed in conventional electric furnace, the superior performance of microwave over thermal driven reaction was elucidated. The activation energies of 36.0, 74.2 and 247.2 kJ/mol were obtained for catalytic and non-catalytic microwave and thermal heating, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooya Lahijani
- Biomass and Bioenergy Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Zainal Alimuddin Zainal
- Biomass and Bioenergy Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
| | - Abdul Rahman Mohamed
- Low Carbon Economy (LCE) Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Maedeh Mohammadi
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noushirvani University of Technology, 47148 Babol, Iran
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Nishioka M, Sato K, Onodera A, Miyakawa M, Tanaka DAP, Kasai M, Miyazawa A, Suzuki TM. Controlled Heating of Palladium Dispersed Porous Alumina Tube and Continuous Oxidation of Ethylene Using Frequency-Variable Single-Mode Microwave Reactor. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie4032555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masateru Nishioka
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, 4-2-1, Nigatake, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, 983-8551, Japan
| | - Koichi Sato
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, 4-2-1, Nigatake, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, 983-8551, Japan
| | - Ayumi Onodera
- Tohoku Gakuin University, 1-13-1, Chuo, Tagajo, Miyagi, 985-8537, Japan
| | - Masato Miyakawa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, 4-2-1, Nigatake, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, 983-8551, Japan
| | | | - Makoto Kasai
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, 4-2-1, Nigatake, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, 983-8551, Japan
| | - Akira Miyazawa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, 4-2-1, Nigatake, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, 983-8551, Japan
| | - Toshishige M. Suzuki
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, 4-2-1, Nigatake, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, 983-8551, Japan
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Stefanidis GD, Muñoz AN, Sturm GS, Stankiewicz A. A helicopter view of microwave application to chemical processes: reactions, separations, and equipment concepts. REV CHEM ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2013-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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12
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13
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Exploration of rectangular waveguides as a basis for microwave enhanced continuous flow chemistries. Chem Eng Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2012.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Adnadjević BK, Jovanović JD. Kinetics of Isothermal Ethanol Adsorption onto a Carbon Molecular Sieve under Conventional and Microwave Heating. Chem Eng Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201100153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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Durka T, Van Gerven T, Stankiewicz A. Microwaves in Heterogeneous Gas-Phase Catalysis: Experimental and Numerical Approaches. Chem Eng Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.200900207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Urdă A, Herraïz A, Rédey Á, Marcu IC. Co and Ni ferrospinels as catalysts for propane total oxidation. CATAL COMMUN 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2009.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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17
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Nigrovski B, Scholz P, Krech T, Qui N, Pollok K, Keller T, Ondruschka B. The influence of microwave heating on the texture and catalytic properties of oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes. CATAL COMMUN 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2009.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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18
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Van Gerven T, Stankiewicz A. Structure, Energy, Synergy, Time—The Fundamentals of Process Intensification. Ind Eng Chem Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ie801501y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Van Gerven
- Process & Energy Department, Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 44, 2628 CA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Andrzej Stankiewicz
- Process & Energy Department, Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 44, 2628 CA Delft, The Netherlands
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19
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Krech T, Möser C, Emmerich R, Scholz P, Ondruschka B, Cihlar J. Catalytic and Heating Behavior of Nanoscaled Perovskites under Microwave Radiation. Chem Eng Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.200700502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Beckers J, Drost R, van Zandvoort I, Collignon PF, Rothenberg G. Selective Hydrogen Oxidation in the Presence of C3 Hydrocarbons Using Perovskite Oxygen Reservoirs. Chemphyschem 2008; 9:1062-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200800039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Zhang X, Hayward DO. Applications of microwave dielectric heating in environment-related heterogeneous gas-phase catalytic systems. Inorganica Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2006.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Beckers J, van der Zande LM, Rothenberg G. Clean Diesel Power via Microwave Susceptible Oxidation Catalysts. Chemphyschem 2006; 7:747-55. [PMID: 16470887 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200500420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The problem of soot emissions from diesel engines is introduced and the possible solution of combining doped perovskites and microwave (mw) irradiation to "clean up" diesel soot filters is outlined. Eighteen doped perovskite catalysts are synthesized and tested for propane and CO oxidation, which are taken as model components for soot. The activity, selectivity, and SO2 tolerance are compared under conventional heating and mw irradiation. By combining mw irradiation and doped perovskites, one can create "hot spots" on the catalyst, resulting in efficient and selective heating of the active site, as well as less poisoning. Sr-doped and Ce-doped manganese perovskites show the highest activity. These catalysts are also the most selective, and have a high mw susceptibility. Optimal SO2 tolerance is displayed by Cr perovskites, from which the La0.8Ca0.2CrO3 combination uniquely converts propane before CO, and therefore can be used to remove >C2 hydrocarbons from a mix with CO. Possible mechanistic scenarios are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurriaan Beckers
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Beckers J, Rothenberg G. ?Hot Spot? Hydrocarbon Oxidation Catalysed by Doped Perovskites?Towards Cleaner Diesel Power. Chemphyschem 2005; 6:223-5. [PMID: 15751340 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200400421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jurriaan Beckers
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WVAmsterdam, The Netherlands.
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