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Bao C, Jiang H, Zhu R, Liu B, Xiao J, Li Z, Chen P, Langford PR, Zhang F, Lei L. Differences in pig respiratory tract and peripheral blood immune responses to Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Vet Microbiol 2020; 247:108755. [PMID: 32686648 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Excessive cytokine production is an important component of the acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure. Pneumonia can lead to an overexpression of cytokines, although comparatively little is known about the relevance and differences in cytokines between blood and lung. In this study, piglets were experimentally infected intranasally with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP), and transcriptomes of lung tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells determined. In addition, the levels of 30 cytokines in broncheoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and sera were determined by ELISA. Post infection, there was an early increase in lung monocytes, and a later rise in inflammatory cytokines in BALF. Blood lymphocytes increased early in infection and there was a rise in inflammatory cytokines in the peripheral blood of infected piglets. Genes involved in cytokine production, leukocyte migration and differentiation, lymphocyte activation, and cytokine-mediated signaling pathways in the transcriptomes of lung tissue were significantly down-regulated early in infection. At this early phase of APP infection (0-6 h), the cytokines IL-1β, MCP-1, and IL-5 in sera increased rapidly and significantly, while many cytokines in BALF decreased. At 48 h post-infection, cytokines in sera were no longer significantly increased, although some were up-regulated in BALF, and there was aggravated pathological damage in the lungs at this time. The data indicate there are substantial differences between immune cells and cytokines in the lung and peripheral blood of APP infected piglets at equivalent time points. The results increase our understanding of pig-APP host interactive biology, and will be important in formulating future therapeutic and preventative strategies to prevent disease caused by APP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuntong Bao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Hexiang Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Rining Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Baijun Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Jiameng Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Ziheng Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Peiru Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Paul R Langford
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Fuxian Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434023, PR China.
| | - Liancheng Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China; College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434023, PR China.
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2
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Nietfeld F, Höltig D, Willems H, Valentin-Weigand P, Wurmser C, Waldmann KH, Fries R, Reiner G. Candidate genes and gene markers for the resistance to porcine pleuropneumonia. Mamm Genome 2020; 31:54-67. [PMID: 31960078 PMCID: PMC7060169 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-019-09825-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Actinobacillus (A.) pleuropneumoniae is one of the most important respiratory pathogens in global pig production. Antimicrobial treatment and vaccination provide only limited protection, but genetic disease resistance is a very promising alternative for sustainable prophylaxis. Previous studies have discovered multiple QTL that may explain up to 30% of phenotypic variance. Based on these findings, the aim of the present study was to use genomic sequencing to identify genetic markers for resistance to pleuropneumonia in a segregating commercial German Landrace line. 163 pigs were infected with A. pleuropneumoniae Serotype 7 through a standardized aerosol infection method. Phenotypes were accurately defined on a clinical, pathological and microbiological basis. The 58 pigs with the most extreme phenotypes were genotyped by sequencing (next-generation sequencing). SNPs were used in a genome-wide association study. The study identified genome-wide associated SNPs on three chromosomes, two of which were chromosomes of QTL which had been mapped in a recent experiment. Each variant explained up to 20% of the total phenotypic variance. Combined, the three variants explained 52.8% of the variance. The SNPs are located in genes involved in the pathomechanism of pleuropneumonia. This study confirms the genetic background for the host's resistance to pleuropneumonia and indicates a potential role of three candidates on SSC2, SSC12 and SSC15. Favorable gene variants are segregating in commercial populations. Further work is needed to verify the results in a controlled study and to identify the functional QTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Nietfeld
- Department for Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Doris Höltig
- Clinic for Swine, Small Ruminants, Forensic Medicine and Ambulatory Service, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hermann Willems
- Department for Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter Valentin-Weigand
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine Wurmser
- Chair of Animal Breeding, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Waldmann
- Clinic for Swine, Small Ruminants, Forensic Medicine and Ambulatory Service, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ruedi Fries
- Chair of Animal Breeding, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Gerald Reiner
- Department for Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.
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Sassu EL, Bossé JT, Tobias TJ, Gottschalk M, Langford PR, Hennig-Pauka I. Update on Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae-knowledge, gaps and challenges. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65 Suppl 1:72-90. [PMID: 29083117 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Porcine pleuropneumonia, caused by the bacterial porcine respiratory tract pathogen Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, leads to high economic losses in affected swine herds in most countries of the world. Pigs affected by peracute and acute disease suffer from severe respiratory distress with high lethality. The agent was first described in 1957 and, since then, knowledge about the pathogen itself, and its interactions with the host, has increased continuously. This is, in part, due to the fact that experimental infections can be studied in the natural host. However, the fact that most commercial pigs are colonized by this pathogen has hampered the applicability of knowledge gained under experimental conditions. In addition, several factors are involved in development of disease, and these have often been studied individually. In a DISCONTOOLS initiative, members from science, industry and clinics exchanged their expertise and empirical observations and identified the major gaps in knowledge. This review sums up published results and expert opinions, within the fields of pathogenesis, epidemiology, transmission, immune response to infection, as well as the main means of prevention, detection and control. The gaps that still remain to be filled are highlighted, and present as well as future challenges in the control of this disease are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Sassu
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - J T Bossé
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - T J Tobias
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Gottschalk
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - P R Langford
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - I Hennig-Pauka
- Field Station for Epidemiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bakum, Germany
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4
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Sassu EL, Ladinig A, Talker SC, Stadler M, Knecht C, Stein H, Frömbling J, Richter B, Spergser J, Ehling-Schulz M, Graage R, Hennig-Pauka I, Gerner W. Frequency of Th17 cells correlates with the presence of lung lesions in pigs chronically infected with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Vet Res 2017; 48:4. [PMID: 28166835 PMCID: PMC5294905 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-017-0411-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine contagious pleuropneumonia caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) remains one of the major causes of poor growth performance and respiratory disease in pig herds. While the role of antibodies against APP has been intensely studied, the porcine T cell response remains poorly characterized. To address this, pigs were intranasally infected with APP serotype 2 and euthanized during the acute phase [6-10 days post-infection (dpi)] or the chronic phase of APP infection (27-31 dpi). Lymphocytes isolated from blood, tonsils, lung tissue and tracheobronchial lymph nodes were analyzed by intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) for IL-17A, IL-10 and TNF-α production after in vitro stimulation with crude capsular extract (CCE) of the APP inoculation strain. This was combined with cell surface staining for the expression of CD4, CD8α and TCR-γδ. Clinical records, microbiological investigations and pathological findings confirmed the induction of a subclinical APP infection. ICS-assays revealed the presence of APP-CCE specific CD4+CD8αdim IL-17A-producing T cells in blood and lung tissue in most infected animals during the acute and chronic phase of infection and a minor fraction of these cells co-produced TNF-α. APP-CCE specific IL-17A-producing γδ T cells could not be found and APP-CCE specific IL-10-producing CD4+ T cells were present in various organs but only in a few infected animals. The frequency of identified putative Th17 cells (CD4+CD8αdimIL-17A+) in lung and blood correlated positively with lung lesion scores and APP-specific antibody titers during the chronic phase. These results suggest a potential role of Th17 cells in the immune pathogenesis of APP infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena L Sassu
- University Clinic for Swine, Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Ladinig
- University Clinic for Swine, Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephanie C Talker
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Stadler
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Knecht
- University Clinic for Swine, Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heiko Stein
- University Clinic for Swine, Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Janna Frömbling
- Functional Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Richter
- Institute of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Joachim Spergser
- Functional Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Ehling-Schulz
- Functional Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Graage
- Division of Swine Medicine, Department of Farm Animals, University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabel Hennig-Pauka
- University Clinic for Swine, Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wilhelm Gerner
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Abstract
Swine are used in biomedical research as models for biomedical research and for teaching. This chapter covers normative biology and behavior along with common and emerging swine diseases. Xenotransplantation is discussed along with similarities and differences of swine immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi L. Helke
- Departments of Comparative Medicine and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | - Raimon Duran-Struuck
- Columbia Center of Translational Immunology, Department of Surgery; Institute of Comparative Medicine; Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - M. Michael Swindle
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Comparative Medicine and Department of Surgery, Charleston, SC, USA
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Reiner G, Dreher F, Drungowski M, Hoeltig D, Bertsch N, Selke M, Willems H, Gerlach GF, Probst I, Tuemmler B, Waldmann KH, Herwig R. Pathway deregulation and expression QTLs in response to Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection in swine. Mamm Genome 2014; 25:600-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s00335-014-9536-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Reiner G, Bertsch N, Hoeltig D, Selke M, Willems H, Gerlach GF, Tuemmler B, Probst I, Herwig R, Drungowski M, Waldmann KH. Identification of QTL affecting resistance/susceptibility to acute Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection in swine. Mamm Genome 2014; 25:180-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00335-013-9497-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Humann-Ziehank E, Menzel A, Roehrig P, Schwert B, Ganter M, Hennig-Pauka I. Acute and subacute response of iron, zinc, copper and selenium in pigs experimentally infected with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Metallomics 2014; 6:1869-79. [DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00148f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Experimental bacterial lung infection affects trace elements in blood and liver tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Humann-Ziehank
- Klinik für kleine Klauentiere und Forensische Medizin und Ambulatorische Klinik
- Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover
- D-30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Anne Menzel
- Klinik für kleine Klauentiere und Forensische Medizin und Ambulatorische Klinik
- Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover
- D-30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Petra Roehrig
- Klinik für kleine Klauentiere und Forensische Medizin und Ambulatorische Klinik
- Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover
- D-30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Barbara Schwert
- Klinik für kleine Klauentiere und Forensische Medizin und Ambulatorische Klinik
- Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover
- D-30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Ganter
- Klinik für kleine Klauentiere und Forensische Medizin und Ambulatorische Klinik
- Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover
- D-30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Isabel Hennig-Pauka
- Universitätsklinik für Schweine
- Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien
- 1210 Wien, Austria
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9
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Yu S, Zuo Z, Cui H, Li M, Peng X, Zhu L, Zhang M, Li X, Xu Z, Gan M, Deng J, Fang J, Ma J, Su S, Wang Y, Shen L, Ma X, Ren Z, Wu B, Hu Y. Transcriptional profiling of hilar nodes from pigs after experimental infection with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:23516-32. [PMID: 24351863 PMCID: PMC3876060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141223516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gram-negative bacterium Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) is an inhabitant of the porcine upper respiratory tract and the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia (PP). In recent years, knowledge about the proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine gene expression that occurs in lung and lymph node of the APP-infected swine has been advanced. However, systematic gene expression profiles on hilar nodes from pigs after infection with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae have not yet been reported. The transcriptional responses were studied in hilar nodes (HN) from swine experimentally infected with APP and the control groupusing Agilent Porcine Genechip, including 43,603 probe sets. 9,517 transcripts were identified as differentially expressed (DE) at the p ≤ 0.01 level by comparing the log2 (normalized signal) of the two groups named treatment group (TG) and controls (CG). Eight hundred and fifteen of these DE transcripts were annotated as pig genes in the GenBank database (DB). Two hundred and seventy-two biological process categories (BP), 75 cellular components and 171 molecular functions were substantially altered in the TG compared to CG. Many BP were involved in host immune responses (i.e., signaling, signal transmission, signal transduction, response to stimulus, oxidation reduction, response to stress, immune system process, signaling pathway, immune response, cell surface receptor linked signaling pathway). Seven DE gene pathways (VEGF signaling pathway, Long-term potentiation, Ribosome, Asthma, Allograft rejection, Type I diabetes mellitus and Cardiac muscle contraction) and statistically significant associations with host responses were affected. Many cytokines (including NRAS, PI3K, MAPK14, CaM, HSP27, protein phosphatase 3, catalytic subunit and alpha isoform), mediating the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells and promoting survival and vascular permeability, were activated in TG, whilst many immunomodulatory cytokines were suppressed. The significant changes in the expression patterns of the genes, GO terms, and pathways, led to a decrease of antigenic peptides with antigen presenting cells presented to T lymphocytes via the major histocompatibility complex, and alleviated immune response induced APP of HN. The immune response ability of HN in the APP-infected pigs was weakened; however, cell proliferation and migration ability was enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; E-Mails: (S.Y.); (Z.Z.); (X.P.); (L.Z.); (Z.X.); (M.G.); (J.D.); (J.F.); (Y.W.); (L.S.); (X.M.); (Z.R.); (B.W.); (Y.H.)
- Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; E-Mails: (S.Y.); (Z.Z.); (X.P.); (L.Z.); (Z.X.); (M.G.); (J.D.); (J.F.); (Y.W.); (L.S.); (X.M.); (Z.R.); (B.W.); (Y.H.)
- Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Hengmin Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; E-Mails: (S.Y.); (Z.Z.); (X.P.); (L.Z.); (Z.X.); (M.G.); (J.D.); (J.F.); (Y.W.); (L.S.); (X.M.); (Z.R.); (B.W.); (Y.H.)
- Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-136-0826-4628; Fax: +86-835-2882340
| | - Mingzhou Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; E-Mails: (M.L.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (J.M.)
| | - Xi Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; E-Mails: (S.Y.); (Z.Z.); (X.P.); (L.Z.); (Z.X.); (M.G.); (J.D.); (J.F.); (Y.W.); (L.S.); (X.M.); (Z.R.); (B.W.); (Y.H.)
- Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; E-Mails: (S.Y.); (Z.Z.); (X.P.); (L.Z.); (Z.X.); (M.G.); (J.D.); (J.F.); (Y.W.); (L.S.); (X.M.); (Z.R.); (B.W.); (Y.H.)
- Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; E-Mails: (M.L.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (J.M.)
| | - Xuewei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; E-Mails: (M.L.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (J.M.)
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; E-Mails: (S.Y.); (Z.Z.); (X.P.); (L.Z.); (Z.X.); (M.G.); (J.D.); (J.F.); (Y.W.); (L.S.); (X.M.); (Z.R.); (B.W.); (Y.H.)
- Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Meng Gan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; E-Mails: (S.Y.); (Z.Z.); (X.P.); (L.Z.); (Z.X.); (M.G.); (J.D.); (J.F.); (Y.W.); (L.S.); (X.M.); (Z.R.); (B.W.); (Y.H.)
- Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Junliang Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; E-Mails: (S.Y.); (Z.Z.); (X.P.); (L.Z.); (Z.X.); (M.G.); (J.D.); (J.F.); (Y.W.); (L.S.); (X.M.); (Z.R.); (B.W.); (Y.H.)
- Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Jing Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; E-Mails: (S.Y.); (Z.Z.); (X.P.); (L.Z.); (Z.X.); (M.G.); (J.D.); (J.F.); (Y.W.); (L.S.); (X.M.); (Z.R.); (B.W.); (Y.H.)
- Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Jideng Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; E-Mails: (M.L.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (J.M.)
| | - Shengqun Su
- Library of Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; E-Mail:
| | - Ya Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; E-Mails: (S.Y.); (Z.Z.); (X.P.); (L.Z.); (Z.X.); (M.G.); (J.D.); (J.F.); (Y.W.); (L.S.); (X.M.); (Z.R.); (B.W.); (Y.H.)
- Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Liuhong Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; E-Mails: (S.Y.); (Z.Z.); (X.P.); (L.Z.); (Z.X.); (M.G.); (J.D.); (J.F.); (Y.W.); (L.S.); (X.M.); (Z.R.); (B.W.); (Y.H.)
- Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Xiaoping Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; E-Mails: (S.Y.); (Z.Z.); (X.P.); (L.Z.); (Z.X.); (M.G.); (J.D.); (J.F.); (Y.W.); (L.S.); (X.M.); (Z.R.); (B.W.); (Y.H.)
- Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Zhihua Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; E-Mails: (S.Y.); (Z.Z.); (X.P.); (L.Z.); (Z.X.); (M.G.); (J.D.); (J.F.); (Y.W.); (L.S.); (X.M.); (Z.R.); (B.W.); (Y.H.)
- Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Bangyuan Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; E-Mails: (S.Y.); (Z.Z.); (X.P.); (L.Z.); (Z.X.); (M.G.); (J.D.); (J.F.); (Y.W.); (L.S.); (X.M.); (Z.R.); (B.W.); (Y.H.)
- Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Yanchun Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; E-Mails: (S.Y.); (Z.Z.); (X.P.); (L.Z.); (Z.X.); (M.G.); (J.D.); (J.F.); (Y.W.); (L.S.); (X.M.); (Z.R.); (B.W.); (Y.H.)
- Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
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10
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Transcriptional profiling of swine lung tissue after experimental infection with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:10626-60. [PMID: 23698783 PMCID: PMC3676858 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140510626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine pleuropneumonia is a highly contagious respiratory disease that causes great economic losses worldwide. In this study, we aimed to explore the underlying relationship between infection and injury by investigation of the whole porcine genome expression profiles of swine lung tissues post-inoculated with experimentally Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Expression profiling experiments of the control group and the treatment group were conducted using a commercially available Agilent Porcine Genechip including 43,603 probe sets. Microarray analysis was conducted on profiles of lung from challenged versus non-challenged swine. We found 11,929 transcripts, identified as differentially expressed at the p ≤0.01 level. There were 1188 genes annotated as swine genes in the GenBank Data Base. GO term analysis identified a total of 89 biological process categories, 82 cellular components and 182 molecular functions that were significantly affected, and at least 27 biological process categories that were related to the host immune response. Gene set enrichment analysis identified 13 pathways that were significantly associated with host response. Many proinflammatory-inflammatory cytokines were activated and involved in the regulation of the host defense response at the site of inflammation; while the cytokines involved in regulation of the host immune response were suppressed. All changes of genes and pathways of induced or repressed expression not only led to a decrease in antigenic peptides presented to T lymphocytes by APCs via the MHC and alleviated immune response injury induced by infection, but also stimulated stem cells to produce granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils) and monocyte, and promote neutrophils and macrophages to phagocytose bacterial and foreign antigen at the site of inflammation. The defense function of swine infection with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae was improved, while its immune function was decreased.
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Gregersen VR, Sørensen KK, Christensen OF, Busch ME, Vingborg RKK, Velander IH, Lund MS, Bendixen C. Identification of QTL for dorso-caudal chronic pleuritis in 12 crossbred porcine families. Anim Genet 2010; 41:509-14. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2010.02028.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mortensen S, Skovgaard K, Hedegaard J, Bendixen C, Heegaard PM. Transcriptional profiling at different sites in lungs of pigs during acute bacterial respiratory infection. Innate Immun 2009; 17:41-53. [DOI: 10.1177/1753425909349760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The local transcriptional response was studied in different locations of lungs from pigs experimentally infected with the respiratory pathogen Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 5B, using porcine cDNA microarrays. This infection gives rise to well-demarcated infection loci in the lung, characterized by necrotic and haemorrhagic lesions. Lung tissue was sampled from necrotic areas, from visually unaffected areas and from areas bordering on necrotic areas. Expression pattern of these areas from infected pigs was compared to healthy lung tissue from un-infected pigs. Transcription of selected genes important in the innate defence response were further analysed by quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR. A clear correlation was observed between the number of differentially expressed genes as well as the magnitude of their induction and the sampling location in the infected lung, with the highest number of differentially expressed genes, and the most highly induced genes found in necrotic areas. Interestingly, a group of differentially regulated genes was represented in all three areas, comprising genes encoding cytokines, acute phase proteins, and factors related to regulation of apoptosis and the complement system. Interferon-γ was downregulated in both necrotic and bordering areas. Evidence of neutrophil recruitment was seen by the up-regulation of chemotactic factors for neutrophils. In conclusion, we found subsets of genes expressed at different levels in the three selected areas of the infected lung as compared to the control group. Thus it is demonstrated that an infection with clearly defined infected loci leads to a rapid disseminated intra-organ response in neighbouring seemingly unaffected tissue areas of the infected organ. Within the lung, we found a clear division of induced genes as, in unaffected areas a large part of differently expressed genes were involved in systemic reactions to infections, while differently expressed genes in necrotic areas were mainly concerned with homeostasis regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shila Mortensen
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kerstin Skovgaard
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Hedegaard
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | | | - Peter M.H. Heegaard
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark,
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de la Fuente AJM, Ferri EFR, Tejerina F, Frandoloso R, Martínez SM, Martín CBG. Cytokine expression in colostrum-deprived pigs immunized and challenged with Haemophilus parasuis. Res Vet Sci 2009; 87:47-52. [PMID: 19181353 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2008.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2008] [Revised: 11/25/2008] [Accepted: 12/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The expression of several cytokines in spleen, pharyngeal lymph nodes, lung and brain after different immunization procedures and a challenge with 5 x 10(9) CFU of Haemophilus parasuis was compared. Five groups of colostrum-deprived pigs were used: vaccinated with (I) a bacterin, (II) an outer-membrane-protein-vaccine, (III) a recombinant transferring-binding protein B, (IV) exposed to a total dose of 10(5) CFU, and (V) not previously immunized. All pigs in groups III and V died, while all animals in group I, most of group IV and half of group II survived until the end of the experiment. IL-1alpha was found in significantly higher levels (p<0.05) in spleen, lymph nodes and brain of dead pigs, which could be explained by the major severity of lesions in these animals. However, IL-4, IL-10, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma were expressed in significantly higher levels by survivors (for all the four cytokines in lymph nodes; for IL-4, IL-10 and TNF-alpha in spleen; for IL-4, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma in lung, and only for TNF-alpha in brain), thus suggesting a role of these four cytokines in the adaptive response, which might contribute to protection against H. parasuis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Martín de la Fuente
- Department of Animal Health, Section of Microbiology and Immunology, University of León, 24007-León, Spain
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Hedegaard J, Skovgaard K, Mortensen S, Sørensen P, Jensen TK, Hornshøj H, Bendixen C, Heegaard PMH. Molecular characterisation of the early response in pigs to experimental infection with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae using cDNA microarrays. Acta Vet Scand 2007; 49:11. [PMID: 17466061 PMCID: PMC1868913 DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-49-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2006] [Accepted: 04/27/2007] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The bacterium Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is responsible for porcine pleuropneumonia, a widespread, highly contagious and often fatal respiratory disease of pigs. The general porcine innate immune response after A. pleuropneumoniae infection is still not clarified. The objective of this study was hence to characterise the transcriptional response, measured by using cDNA microarrays, in pigs 24 hours after experimental inoculation with A. pleuropneumoniae. Methods Microarray analyses were conducted to reveal genes being differentially expressed in inflamed versus non-inflamed lung tissue sampled from inoculated animals as well as in liver and tracheobronchial lymph node tissue sampled from three inoculated animals versus two non-inoculated animals. The lung samples were studied using a porcine cDNA microarray with 5375 unique PCR products while liver tissue and tracheobronchial lymph node tissue were hybridised to an expanded version of the porcine microarray with 26879 unique PCR products. Results A total of 357 genes differed significantly in expression between infected and non-infected lung tissue, 713 genes differed in expression in liver tissue from infected versus non-infected animals and 130 genes differed in expression in tracheobronchial lymph node tissue from infected versus non-infected animals. Among these genes, several have previously been described to be part of a general host response to infections encoding immune response related proteins. In inflamed lung tissue, genes encoding immune activating proteins and other pro-inflammatory mediators of the innate immune response were found to be up-regulated. Genes encoding different acute phase reactants were found to be differentially expressed in the liver. Conclusion The obtained results are largely in accordance with previous studies of the mammalian immune response. Furthermore, a number of differentially expressed genes have not previously been associated with infection or are presently unidentified. Determination of their specific roles during infection may lead to a better understanding of innate immunity in pigs. Although additional work including more animals is clearly needed to elucidate host response to porcine pleuropneumonia, the results presented in this study demonstrate three subsets of genes consistently expressed at different levels depending upon infection status.
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