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Potestio L, Martora F, Megna M, Villani A, Cacciapuoti S. Comment on 'Development of chilblain lesions during the COVID-19 pandemic is strongly associated with cold weather: a retrospective analysis of patients from a single centre in the USA'. Clin Exp Dermatol 2024; 49:389-390. [PMID: 38078729 DOI: 10.1093/ced/llad445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
We read with great interest a retrospective cohort study recently published in Clinical and Experimental Dermatology exploring the association between chilblain lesion development and the COVID-19 pandemic and infection. Data on the role of COVID-19 infection on chilblain development are conflicting. Moreover, chilblains have also been reported following COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Potestio
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Martora
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Matteo Megna
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Villani
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Cacciapuoti
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Parra-Sepúlveda DJ, Urueña-Betancourt LC, Porras-Villamil JF, Ríos-Camargo NK. Lupus pernio vs. lupic perniosis: A case report. Case reports 2023. [DOI: 10.15446/cr.v8n2.92970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that is difficult to diagnose due to the wide array of signs and symptoms it displays that may be associated to multiple clinical conditions, including perniosis (a rare inflammatory condition), lupus pernio (a manifestation of sarcoidosis), and lupus perniosis (a form of SLE), which can be easily mistaken.
Case description: A 29-year-old Colombian mestizo woman with no family history of autoimmune, inflammatory or cutaneous diseases was diagnosed with SLE after ruling out several differential diagnoses. Although the patient presented with features of lupus pernioticus (lupus perniosis), it was established that she had lupus pernio, a type of sarcoidosis. The patient was given the indicated treatment, which led to an improvement in her quality of life.
Conclusion: Based on the epidemiology, clinical history and histopathologic findings, it was possible to establish that the patient presented with lupus perniosis and not lupus pernio. In that regard, considering that these three conditions (perniosis, lupus pernio and lupic perniosis) can be easily confused, the present case highlights the importance of a thorough clinical evaluation and precise use of diagnostic terms, because these are three different conditions despite their similar names.
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Mašić M, Močić Pavić A, Gagro A, Balažin Vučetić A, Ožanić Bulić S, Mišak Z. From Chilblains (Pernio) to Coeliac Disease-Should We Still Consider It Random? Children (Basel) 2022; 9. [PMID: 36553415 DOI: 10.3390/children9121972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Coeliac disease (CD) is a gluten-triggered, immune-mediated inflammatory disease occurring in genetically predisposed individuals, causing a variety of gastrointestinal and extraintestinal symptoms. The most common cutaneous association of CD is dermatitis herpetiformis, although recent reports have sought to link CD with other dermatological and autoimmune diseases. Chilblain, also called pernio, is usually a benign, superficial and localized inflammatory skin disorder that results from a maladaptive vascular response to non-freezing cold. We present a patient with pernio (chilblains) and newly diagnosed CD, with a significant intestinal lesion-total villous atrophy, as there are only two known cases of this feature associated with CD published in the literature. In the workup of chilblains (pernio) in children, an active case finding for coeliac disease should be conducted with coeliac-specific serology testing.
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Shaikh TG, Waseem S, Ahmed SH, Qadir NA, Piccolo V. SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination and Chilblain-like Lesions: What Do We Know so Far? Dermatol Pract Concept 2022; 12:e2022170. [PMID: 36534559 PMCID: PMC9681186 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.1204a170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The coronavirus pandemic has caused massive damage to global health care and the economy. The vaccination program has been paced around the globe to return as soon as possible to pre-COVID time. Although all the vaccines have been approved after the rigorous clinical and safety trials, some adverse effects have surfaced and are being reported from different parts of the world. One such side effect is chilblain-like lesions following the COVID vaccination. Chilblain lesions, also known as pernio, are an inflammatory condition usually affecting the acral regions of the body. It is mostly reported from cold and damp areas and has multiple causes associated with it. OBJECTIVE This study aims to review the publicly available data and to provide concise and comprehensive information as well as evaluate the potential pathology, clinical approach, and management of CLL post-vaccination. METHODS An extensive literature search over PubMed, Cochrane library, Google Scholar, and Clinicaltrails. gov from inception till 5th October 2021, without any restriction of language was carried out. All the recruited articles were reviewed, and their bibliographies were also screened for any relevant information. RESULTS 12 studies (10 case reports and 2 case series) were retrieved reporting the incidence of CLL post-vaccination. 8 studies reported incidence in female patients while 5 reported in males, with one study mentioning no gender. Moreover, most of them were either from Europe or the United States of America, except for two cases, reported from Turkey. CONCLUSIONS Although the overall incidence of Chilblains following COVID-19 vaccination is low, there is still a strong need to find out the exact mechanism behind this to redefine the safety and administration criteria of the vaccines and to formulate a proper management protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Vincenzo Piccolo
- Dermatology Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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Santos JN, de Brito Chagas J, Calvão J, Estanqueiro P, Ramos L. A severe case of chilblains in late 2020: Is there something else? J Paediatr Child Health 2022; 58:719-720. [PMID: 34231278 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.15642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joana N Santos
- Pediatric Department, Centro Hospitalar do Baixo Vouga, EPE, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana de Brito Chagas
- Pediatric Department, Hospital Pediátrico de Coimbra, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Calvão
- Dermatology and Venereology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula Estanqueiro
- Dermatology and Venereology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Leonor Ramos
- Dermatology and Venereology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Sawires R, Pearce C, Fahey M, Clothier H, Gardner K, Buttery J. Snotwatch COVID-toes: An ecological study of chilblains and COVID-19 diagnoses in Victoria, Australia. PLOS Glob Public Health 2022; 2:e0000488. [PMID: 36962522 PMCID: PMC10022016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused widespread illness with varying clinical manifestations. One less-commonly-reported presentation of COVID-19 infection is chilblain-like lesions. We conducted an ecological analysis of chilblain presentations in comparison with confirmed and suspected COVID-19 infections in a primary care setting to establish that a relationship exists between the two. Our study collated data from three Primary Health Networks across Victoria, Australia, from 2017-2021, to understand patterns of chilblain presentations prior to and throughout the pandemic. Using a zero-inflated negative binomial regression analysis, we estimated the relationship between local minimum temperature, COVID-19 infections and the frequency of chilblain presentations. We found a 5.72 risk ratio of chilblain incidence in relation to COVID-19 infections and a 3.23 risk ratio associated with suspected COVID-19 infections. COVID-19 infections were also more strongly associated with chilblain presentations in 0-16-year-olds throughout the pandemic in Victoria. Our study statistically suggests that chilblains are significantly associated with COVID-19 infections in a primary care setting. This has major implications for clinicians aiming to diagnose COVID-19 infections or determine the cause of a presentation of chilblains. Additionally, we demonstrate the utility of large-scale primary care data in identifying an uncommon manifestation of COVID-19 infections, which will be significantly beneficial to treating physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Sawires
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Michael Fahey
- Department of Neurology, Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Neurogenetics Department, Monash Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hazel Clothier
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- School of Population & Global health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Child Health Informatics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Jim Buttery
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Child Health Informatics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Sarika GM, Shreberk-Hassidim R, Maly A, Molho-Pessach V. Acrofacial necrotic ulcers in an infant: An undiagnosed presentation. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1069242. [PMID: 36619501 PMCID: PMC9815528 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1069242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acral necrotic ulcers in infancy are rare but have been described in type I interferonopathies. Herein, we present a case of an 8-year-old child who presented at the age of one month with severe ulceronecrotic lesions on the face and limbs with exacerbations following exposure to cold weather. Despite extensive investigation the case remains undiagnosed to this day. We hypothesize that this case represents a novel and yet unknown autoinflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexander Maly
- Department of Pathology, Hadassah Medical Center, The Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Abstract
Autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders in which recurrent or continuous aseptic inflammation arises primarily through antigen-independent hyperactivation of the innate immune system. The skin is frequently involved with a wide variety of cutaneous manifestations, most of which are non-specific. Recognition of skin lesions in AIDs may sometimes provide clues for a correct diagnosis. In this review, the cutaneous involvements of >20 selected AIDs were summarized and organized into different categories based on their characteristic manifestations, such as urticarial dermatosis, neutrophilic dermatosis, granulomatosis, chilblain, lipodystrophy, and hyperkeratosis. With this classification scheme, cutaneous manifestations in AIDs could be more easily identified to facilitate diagnosis in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Min Shen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Qingping Yao
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Liu X, Gao YP, Shen ZX, Qu YY, Liu WW, Yao D, Xing B, Xu ZH, Li X, Zhao QC. Study on the experimental verification and regulatory mechanism of Rougui-Ganjiang herb-pair for the actions of thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue based on network pharmacology. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 279:114378. [PMID: 34192599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cinnamomum cassia Presl (Rougui) has character of xin、gan、wen, belongs to Jing of heart、lung、bladder, and has the effect of dispersing cold and relieving pain. It is widely used to resolve the exterior and dissipate cold in Treatise on Febrile Diseases (Shang Han Lun), such as Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiang Tang and Guizhi Renshen Tang. Both these two prescriptions contain Cinnamomum cassia Presl and Zingiber officinale Rosc (Ganjiang). Rougui-Ganjiang herb-pair (RGHP) can warm viscera and remove cold, which is widely used in Shang Han Lun. And in modern times, recent studies have showed that cinnamon and ginger also have the effect of thermogenesis and regulating the body temperature, respectively. AIM OF THE STUDY To maintain the body thermal homeostasis and prevent cold invasion of main organs, in this study, we assessed the underlying physiological changes induced by RGHP in mice exposed to -20 °C and explored the mechanisms for the thermogenic actions of RGHP in brown adipose tissue (BAT) by network pharmacology and molecular docking. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Kunming (KM) mice were fed normal diet with orally administration of distilled water or ethanol RGHP extract (three doses: 375,750 and 1500 mg/kg) for 21 days, once per day and then exposed to -20 °C for 2 h. The core temperature, activity ability and the degree of frostbite in mice, morphological and ATP content of adipocytes were measured. In addition, the network pharmacology was employed to predict the targets of RGHP' s thermogenesis effect on BAT. Pathway analysis and biological process with key genes was carried out through KEGG and GO analysis, respectively. Furthermore, the core ingredients and targets obtained by network pharmacology were verified by molecular docking and Western blot assays. RESULTS RGHP can significantly increase the core body temperature, reduce the degree of frostbite and enhance the activity ability of mice after cold exposure. Meanwhile, it can also improve the lipid morphology and decrease ATP production in BAT. A network pharmacology-based analysis identified 246 ingredients from RGHP (two herbs), which related to 222 target genes. There were 8 common genes between 222 compounds target genes and 62 thermogenesis associated target genes, which linked to 49 potential compounds. There are 24 ingredients which degree are greater than the average. Among them, we found that oleic acid, EIC, 6-gingerol, eugenol, isohomogenol and sitogluside could be detected in mice plasma. The cAMP-PPAR signaling pathway was enriched for thermogenesis after KEGG analysis with 8 genes. Molecular docking analysis and Western blot assay further confirmed that oleic acid, 6-gingerol, eugenol and isohomogenol were potential active ingredients for RGHP's heat production effect. And UCP1, PGC-1α, PPARα and PPARγ are key thermogenesis proteins. CONCLUSIONS RGHP treatment can significantly maintain the rectal temperature of mice by enhancing the BAT heat production. RGHP exhibited the heat production effect, which might be mainly attributed to increasing thermogenesis through the cAMP-PPAR signaling pathway in cold exposure mice. Oleic acid, 6-gingerol, eugenol and isohomogenol might be considered the potential therapeutic ingredients which affect the key targets of thermogenesis effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- School of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110840, China
| | - Ya-Ping Gao
- School of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Ze-Xu Shen
- School of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Ying-Ying Qu
- School of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Wen-Wu Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Dong Yao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, China
| | - Bo Xing
- School of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Zi-Hua Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110840, China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110840, China.
| | - Qing-Chun Zhao
- School of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110840, China.
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Maraj DC, Barak-Norris R. A Case of Longstanding Idiopathic Pernio/Chilblain Disease. Cureus 2021; 13:e17674. [PMID: 34650852 PMCID: PMC8487589 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pernio, also known as chilblains, presents as erythematous macules at sites of cold exposure, mainly in women. It is a diagnosis that is often overlooked, and when suspecting a patient with pernio, other conditions such as lupus nephritis and Raynaud’s must be ruled out. A 46-year-old lady presented to the clinic with skin findings suggestive of pernio. She had erythematous macules on the dorsum of her hands, which appeared during cold weather and lasted for three weeks. She had been suffering with this condition for over 18 years and nothing has helped her condition, other than preventing cold exposure. There are limited treatment options for pernio, and current management includes using steroids, calcium-channel blockers and cold avoidance. Current research has suggested that pernio could also be linked to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diva C Maraj
- Allergy and Immunology, St. Joseph Mercy Oakland Hospital, Pontiac, USA
| | - Ronda Barak-Norris
- Allergy and Immunology, St. Joseph Mercy Oakland Hospital, Pontiac, USA.,Allergy and Immunology, Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, USA.,Allergy and Immunology, Ascension Providence Hospital, Southfield, USA
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Seth S, Rashid F, Khera K. An overview of the COVID-19 complications in paediatric population: A pandemic dilemma. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14494. [PMID: 34115913 PMCID: PMC8420266 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The primary objective of this article is to understand the various complications caused by the coronavirus in the paediatric population. METHOD An electronic search was conducted using PubMed and incorporated forward and backward research methods on clinical trials, case reports, case series, guidelines and reports from the centre for disease control and prevention (CDC), and the keywords included COVID-19, paediatrics, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), complications, acute kidney injury and heart failure. Secondary resources included one study from preprint servers (www.preprints.org), last search 8 May 2021, with notion of nonpeer review status. Data were collected and analysed to stay current with the most recent alerts and guidelines for the best care for children during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS Evaluation and analysis of literature revealed MIS-C to be the most prevalent followed by neurological complications. Whereas the least prevalent were septic shock and ophthalmic complications. CONCLUSION Even though COVID-19 is known to be a less severe in the paediatric population, the complications of the virus have caused a great deal of stress to the paediatric patients' parents and paediatricians worldwide, and hence, emphasis should be given to the management of coronavirus complications in paediatrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrey Seth
- Department of Pharmacy PracticeManipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalIndia
| | - Femida Rashid
- Department of Pharmacy PracticeManipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalIndia
| | - Kanav Khera
- Department of Pharmacy PracticeManipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalIndia
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Pande T, Agrawal A. Penile Chill Blains: a Case Report. Indian J Surg 2021; 84:389-391. [PMID: 34054233 PMCID: PMC8139866 DOI: 10.1007/s12262-021-02959-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chill blains or perniosis occurs in exposed body parts in extreme cold climate. It usually affects the tip of the upper limb, lower limb, tip of the nose or the ear lobules. It rarely occurs in the covered body parts. Chill blain usually affects the females. There are reports of occurrence of chill blains in unusual area which are covered. This case report is of a young male presenting as chill blain over the penile region. A 27-year-old male patient reported of pain and swelling of penile shaft following exposure to extreme cold climate in the month of September at high altitude. There was no history of trauma, ulcer over the penis, no blister, no discharge, or fever, with no history of cold related injuries in past. The examination revealed erythematous penile shaft with subcutaneous edema. There was no inguinal lymphadenopathy and the scrotal skin was normal. The patient responded to the conservative management for chill blains. Idiopathic penile chill blain is an extremely rare condition. People living in cold mountainous region should frequently change the clothes to keep the local area dry to avoid being victim of such cold related injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amit Agrawal
- Command Hospital (Western Command), Panchkula, India
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Abstract
Reports of chilblain-like lesions (CLL) coinciding with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection have been described in the literature, but this phenomenon has not been critically summarized. The aim of this paper is to summarize reports of CLL coinciding with SARS-CoV-2 infection to clarify the prevalence, clinical relevance, and prognostic value of these lesions. A literature search was conducted using the Embase, Pubmed, and Scopus databases from December 2019 to June 16, 2020 using the search terms ("COVID-19" OR "coronavirus" OR "2019-nCoV" OR "SARS-CoV-2") AND ("chilblain-like" OR "COVID toes" OR "acral"). Papers that described skin changes in patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 were included. A total of 31 papers were summarized, representing 813 cases of CLL. Available data suggests an equal gender distribution, mean age of 21 years, and median age of 14 years. Mild extracutaneous symptoms were reported in 53% of cases and 47% were asymptomatic. CLL occurred an average of 16 days after extracutaneous symptoms. Patients with CLL were positive for SARS-CoV-2 in 15% of cases. Lesions were mainly described as asymptomatic and/or pruritic erythematous to violaceous acral macules and plaques. Partial or complete resolution occurred in 85% of cases in a mean of 13 days. The most common histologic findings were perivascular and perieccrine superficial and deep lymphocytic infiltrates. Although a causal relationship between CLL and SARS-CoV-2 has not been confirmed, the temporal association and 15% positive SARS-CoV-2 rate in affected individuals should not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Kashetsky
- 7512 Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Ilya M Mukovozov
- 12358 Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - James Bergman
- 12358 Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Abstract
Introduction: Calcium channel blockers (CCB) are commonly used for cardiovascular diseases. The evidence supporting the use of CCB in dermatology is mostly anecdotal and limited to case reports or small case series.Areas covered: This review article is divided into two parts. The first part discusses the therapeutic use of CCB in dermatology. The second part focuses on mucocutaneous adverse reactions due to the administration of CCB.Expert opinion: The use of CCB in dermatology is mainly based on its properties as a vasodilator and the inhibition of muscle contractions, such as pernio, anal fissures, facial wrinkles, and painful leiomyoma. However, there remain other modes of action to explain its clinical use in calcinosis, keloid, pressure ulcer, and fibromatosis. Compared to oral CCB, the lack of systemic side effects would make topical use of CCB an attractive alternative in the treatment of skin diseases, but the evidence for topical CCB is still limited, and there is a lack of standardized topical formulation. The main mucocutaneous adverse effects of CCB include gingival hyperplasia, phototoxicity, eczema, psoriasis and risk of skin cancers. Plausible factors for these adverse events include CCB's photoinstability, aldosterone synthesis inhibition, disturbed calcium homeostasis and immunosuppressive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lo
- Department of Dermatology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lian-Yu Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsen-Fang Tsai
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Gerotziafas GT, Catalano M, Colgan MP, Pecsvarady Z, Wautrecht JC, Fazeli B, Olinic DM, Farkas K, Elalamy I, Falanga A, Fareed J, Papageorgiou C, Arellano RS, Agathagelou P, Antic D, Auad L, Banfic L, Bartolomew JR, Benczur B, Bernardo MB, Boccardo F, Cifkova R, Cosmi B, De Marchi S, Dimakakos E, Dimopoulos MA, Dimitrov G, Durand-Zaleski I, Edmonds M, El Nazar EA, Erer D, Esponda OL, Gresele P, Gschwandtner M, Gu Y, Heinzmann M, Hamburg NM, Hamadé A, Jatoi NA, Karahan O, Karetova D, Karplus T, Klein-Weigel P, Kolossvary E, Kozak M, Lefkou E, Lessiani G, Liew A, Marcoccia A, Marshang P, Marakomichelakis G, Matuska J, Moraglia L, Pillon S, Poredos P, Prior M, Salvador DRK, Schlager O, Schernthaner G, Sieron A, Spaak J, Spyropoulos A, Sprynger M, Suput D, Stanek A, Stvrtinova V, Szuba A, Tafur A, Vandreden P, Vardas PE, Vasic D, Vikkula M, Wennberg P, Zhai Z. Guidance for the Management of Patients with Vascular Disease or Cardiovascular Risk Factors and COVID-19: Position Paper from VAS-European Independent Foundation in Angiology/Vascular Medicine. Thromb Haemost 2020; 120:1597-1628. [PMID: 32920811 PMCID: PMC7869052 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1715798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is also manifested with hypercoagulability, pulmonary intravascular coagulation, microangiopathy, and venous thromboembolism (VTE) or arterial thrombosis. Predisposing risk factors to severe COVID-19 are male sex, underlying cardiovascular disease, or cardiovascular risk factors including noncontrolled diabetes mellitus or arterial hypertension, obesity, and advanced age. The VAS-European Independent Foundation in Angiology/Vascular Medicine draws attention to patients with vascular disease (VD) and presents an integral strategy for the management of patients with VD or cardiovascular risk factors (VD-CVR) and COVID-19. VAS recommends (1) a COVID-19-oriented primary health care network for patients with VD-CVR for identification of patients with VD-CVR in the community and patients' education for disease symptoms, use of eHealth technology, adherence to the antithrombotic and vascular regulating treatments, and (2) close medical follow-up for efficacious control of VD progression and prompt application of physical and social distancing measures in case of new epidemic waves. For patients with VD-CVR who receive home treatment for COVID-19, VAS recommends assessment for (1) disease worsening risk and prioritized hospitalization of those at high risk and (2) VTE risk assessment and thromboprophylaxis with rivaroxaban, betrixaban, or low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) for those at high risk. For hospitalized patients with VD-CVR and COVID-19, VAS recommends (1) routine thromboprophylaxis with weight-adjusted intermediate doses of LMWH (unless contraindication); (2) LMWH as the drug of choice over unfractionated heparin or direct oral anticoagulants for the treatment of VTE or hypercoagulability; (3) careful evaluation of the risk for disease worsening and prompt application of targeted antiviral or convalescence treatments; (4) monitoring of D-dimer for optimization of the antithrombotic treatment; and (5) evaluation of the risk of VTE before hospital discharge using the IMPROVE-D-dimer score and prolonged post-discharge thromboprophylaxis with rivaroxaban, betrixaban, or LMWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigoris T. Gerotziafas
- Hematology and Thrombosis Center, Hôpital Tenon, Hôpitaux Universitaires de l'Est Parisien, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Research Group Cancer, Haemostasis and Angiogenesis,” INSERM U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Mariella Catalano
- Research Center on Vascular Disease & Angiology Unit, Department of Biomedical Science, L Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mary-Paula Colgan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, St. James's Hospital/Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Zsolt Pecsvarady
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Flor Ferenc Teaching Hospital, Kistarcsa, Hungary
| | - Jean Claude Wautrecht
- Service de Pathologie Vasculaire, Hôpital ERASME, Université Libre de Bruxelle, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bahare Fazeli
- Immunology Department, Avicenna (Bu-Ali) Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Dan-Mircea Olinic
- Medical Clinic No. 1, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Katalin Farkas
- Department of Angiology, St. Imre University Teaching Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ismail Elalamy
- Hematology and Thrombosis Center, Hôpital Tenon, Hôpitaux Universitaires de l'Est Parisien, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Research Group Cancer, Haemostasis and Angiogenesis,” INSERM U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Falanga
- Department of Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine, & the Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, Hospital Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Jawed Fareed
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, United States
| | - Chryssa Papageorgiou
- Service Anesthésie, Réanimation et Médecine Périopératoire, Hôpital Tenon, Hôpitaux Universitaires de l'Est Parisien, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de médecine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | | | - Petros Agathagelou
- Department of Inrterventional Cardiology, American Heart Institute of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Darco Antic
- Clinic for Hematology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Luciana Auad
- Medicina Vascular, Sanatorio Allende Córdoba, Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ljiljana Banfic
- University Hospital Center, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Bela Benczur
- Balassa Janos County Hospital, University Medical School, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Francesco Boccardo
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Unit of Lymphatic Surgery, IRCCS S. Martino Hospital, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Renate Cifkova
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, Thomayer Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Benilde Cosmi
- Angiology and Blood Coagulation, Department of Specialty, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sergio De Marchi
- Angiology Unit, Cardiovascular and Thoracic and Medicine Department, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Evangelos Dimakakos
- Vascular Unit of 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Sotiria Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Meletios A. Dimopoulos
- Hellenic Society of Hematology, Athens, Greece
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gabriel Dimitrov
- Research Center on Vascular Disease & Angiology Unit, Department of Biomedical Science, L Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabelle Durand-Zaleski
- Université de Paris, CRESS, INSERM, INRA, URCEco, AP-HP, Hôpital de l'Hôtel Dieu, Paris, France
| | - Michael Edmonds
- Diabetic Foot Clinic, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Dilek Erer
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Besevler/Ankara, Turkey
| | - Omar L. Esponda
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Perea, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, United States
| | - Paolo Gresele
- Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, -University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Michael Gschwandtner
- MedizinischeUniverstiät Wien, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinische Abteilung für Angiologie, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yongquan Gu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing China
| | - Mónica Heinzmann
- Medicina Vascular, Sanatorio Allende Córdoba, Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Naomi M. Hamburg
- The Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute Department of Medicine Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Amer Hamadé
- Vascular Medicine Unit, Internal Medicine Department, King Fahad University Hospital, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor-Ahmed Jatoi
- Department Vascular Medicine, Mulhouse Hospital Center, Mulhouse, France
| | - Oguz Karahan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical School of Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya/Antalya, Turkey
| | - Debora Karetova
- Second Department of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Karplus
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter Klein-Weigel
- Klinik für Angiologie, Zentrum für Innere Medizin II, Ernst von Bergmann Klinikum, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Endre Kolossvary
- Department of Angiology, St. Imre University Teaching Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Matija Kozak
- Department for Vascular Diseases, Medical Faculty of Ljubljana, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Eleftheria Lefkou
- Board member of the Institute for the Study and Education on Thrombosis and Antithrombotic Therapy, Athens, Greece
| | - Gianfranco Lessiani
- Angiology Unit, Internal Medicine Department., Città Sant' Angelo Hospital, AUSL 03, Pescara, Italy
| | - Aaron Liew
- Portiuncula University Hospital, Soalta University Health Care Group, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland
| | - Antonella Marcoccia
- Unità di Medicina Vascolare e Autoimmunità, CRIIS-Centro di riferimento interdisciplinare per la Sclerosi Sistemica, Rome, Italy
| | - Peter Marshang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | | | - Jiri Matuska
- MATMED s.r.o., Private Angiology Facility, Hodonin, Czech Republic
| | - Luc Moraglia
- Angiologie Centre Cours du Médoc, Médecine Vasculaire Travail, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sergio Pillon
- UOSD Angiology, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, National Health Institute ISS, Rome, Italy
| | - Pavel Poredos
- Medical Association of Slovenia and SMA, Slovenia Academic Research Centre, Slovenian Medical Academy, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Manlio Prior
- Angiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Oliver Schlager
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine 2, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerit Schernthaner
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine 2, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Sieron
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
- Specialist Hospital, Bytom, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, Częstochowa, Poland
| | - Jonas Spaak
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Stockholm County, Sweden
| | - Alex Spyropoulos
- Department of Medicine, Anticoagulation and Clinical Thrombosis Services, Northwell Health at Lenox Hill Hospital, The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, New York, New York, United States
| | - Muriel Sprynger
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Sart Tilman, Liege, Belgium
| | - Dusan Suput
- Center for Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Agata Stanek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Bytom, Poland
| | - Viera Stvrtinova
- Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrzej Szuba
- Department of Angiology, Hypertension and Diabetology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Alfonso Tafur
- Vascular Medicine University of Chicago, Northshore Cardiovascular Institute, Skokie, Illinois, US Army
| | - Patrick Vandreden
- Research Group Cancer, Haemostasis and Angiogenesis,” INSERM U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Panagiotis E. Vardas
- Medical School of Crete, University of Crete and Heart Sector, Hellenic Healthcare Group, Athens, Greece
| | - Dragan Vasic
- Department of Noninvasive vascular laboratory, Clinic of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miikka Vikkula
- Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paul Wennberg
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gonda Vascular Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Zhenguo Zhai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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16
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Neri I, Virdi A, Corsini I, Guglielmo A, Lazzarotto T, Gabrielli L, Misciali C, Patrizi A, Lanari M. Major cluster of paediatric 'true' primary chilblains during the COVID-19 pandemic: a consequence of lifestyle changes due to lockdown. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:2630-2635. [PMID: 32533899 PMCID: PMC7323208 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the last months, during the COVID-19 pandemic, a growing number of chilblain-like lesions were reported mainly in children and rarely in young adults. The relationship with SARS-CoV-2 infection was postulated, often without any laboratory, instrumental or clinical confirmation. The disclosure of information about chilblain-like lesions as a COVID-19 manifestation in social media has created concern in children's families and paediatricians. OBJECTIVES To verify whether the chilblain-like lesions were caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS Prospective study on a case series including children who presented with acral lesions at the Pediatric Dermatology Outpatient and Pediatric Emergency Unit of the University of Bologna, from 1 April to 30 April 2020. We reported demographical, laboratory and clinical features, history of close contact with COVID-19 patients, presence of similar skin lesions in other family members, precipitating and risk factors for chilblain onset. RESULTS We evaluated eight patients (five females, three males) aged between 11 and 15 years. We excluded acute or previous SARS-CoV-2 infection with RT-PCR nasopharyngeal swab, serum antibody levels using chemiluminescent immunoassays. Other acute infections causing purpuric lesions at the extremities were negative in all patients. Skin lesion biopsy for histological and immunohistochemical evaluation was made in two cases and was consistent with chilblain. PCR assay on skin lesion biopsy for parvovirus B19, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and SARS-CoV-2 was performed in a patient and resulted negative. We identified common precipitating and risk factors: physical (cold and wet extremities, low BMI), cold and wet indoor and outdoor environment, behaviours, habits and lifestyle. We therefore reached a diagnosis of primary chilblains. CONCLUSIONS During the COVID-19 pandemic, a 'cluster' of primary chilblains developed in predisposed subjects, mainly teenagers, due to cold exposure in the lockdown period. Laboratory findings support our hypothesis, although it is also possible that an unknown infectious trigger may have contributed to the pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Neri
- Division of DermatologyDepartment of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty MedicineUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - A. Virdi
- Division of DermatologyDepartment of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty MedicineUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - I. Corsini
- Pediatric Emergency UnitDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC)St. Orsola‐Malpighi HospitalUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - A. Guglielmo
- Division of DermatologyDepartment of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty MedicineUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - T. Lazzarotto
- Operative Unit of Microbiology and VirologyDepartment of Specialized, Experimental, and Diagnostic MedicinePolyclinic of St Orsola‐MalpighiUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - L. Gabrielli
- Operative Unit of Microbiology and VirologyDepartment of Specialized, Experimental, and Diagnostic MedicinePolyclinic of St Orsola‐MalpighiUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - C. Misciali
- Division of DermatologyDepartment of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty MedicineUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - A. Patrizi
- Division of DermatologyDepartment of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty MedicineUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - M. Lanari
- Pediatric Emergency UnitDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC)St. Orsola‐Malpighi HospitalUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
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17
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Weingarten M, Abittan B, Rivera-Oyola R, Abittan AI, Weingarten M, Lebwohl M. Treatment of COVID-19 induced chilblains with topical nitroglycerin. Int J Dermatol 2020; 59:1522-1524. [PMID: 33084032 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Weingarten
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian Abittan
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ryan Rivera-Oyola
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Abraham I Abittan
- Department of Dermatology, Comprehensive Dermatology, Woodmere, NY, USA
| | - Michael Weingarten
- Department of Dermatology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Mark Lebwohl
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
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18
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Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak caused by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, typically presents with symptoms including fever, cough, headache, myalgia, asthenia, anosmia, diarrhea, and sometimes pneumonia, which can be fatal. Recently, new dermatologic findings have been described in association with the disease that can potentially be a distinguishing feature of infection. One such feature resembles chilblains and this case report represents a presentation of this feature with a 48-year-old female with violaceous lesions with surrounding pink erythema on her toes who tested negative for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Ludzik
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
- Department of Telemedicine and Bioinformatics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, 31-008, Poland
| | - Alexander Witkowski
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
| | - Donna E. Hansel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
| | - Philipp W. Raess
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
| | - Kevin White
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
| | - Sancy Leachman
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
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19
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Ludzik J, Witkowski A, Hansel DE, Raess PW, White K, Leachman S. Case Report: Cutaneous chilblains-like lesions (CCLL) versus COVID-19 toes during the pandemic. Confocal findings and proposal for new acronym, CCLL - is there a diagnostic window? F1000Res 2020; 9:668. [PMID: 32913640 PMCID: PMC7459833 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.24766.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak caused by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, typically presents with symptoms including fever, cough, headache, myalgia, asthenia, anosmia, diarrhea, and sometimes pneumonia, which can be fatal. Recently, new dermatologic findings have been described in association with the disease that can potentially be a distinguishing feature of infection. One such feature resembles chilblains and this case report represents a unique presentation of this feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Ludzik
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
- Department of Telemedicine and Bioinformatics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, 31-008, Poland
| | - Alexander Witkowski
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
| | - Donna E. Hansel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
| | - Philipp W. Raess
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
| | - Kevin White
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
| | - Sancy Leachman
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
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20
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El Hachem M, Diociaiuti A, Concato C, Carsetti R, Carnevale C, Ciofi Degli Atti M, Giovannelli L, Latella E, Porzio O, Rossi S, Stracuzzi A, Zaffina S, Onetti Muda A, Zambruno G, Alaggio R. A clinical, histopathological and laboratory study of 19 consecutive Italian paediatric patients with chilblain-like lesions: lights and shadows on the relationship with COVID-19 infection. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:2620-2629. [PMID: 32474947 PMCID: PMC7301001 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Acral chilblain‐like lesions are being increasingly reported during COVID‐19 pandemic. However, only few patients proved positivity for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. The relationship between this skin manifestation and COVID‐19 infection has not been clarified yet. Objective To thoroughly characterize a prospective group of patients with chilblain‐like lesions and to investigate the possible relationship with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Methods Following informed consent, patients underwent (i) clinical evaluation, (ii) RT‐PCR and serology testing for SARS‐CoV‐2, (iii) digital videocapillaroscopy of finger and toe nailfolds, (iv) blood testing to screen for autoimmune diseases and coagulation anomalies, and (v) skin biopsy for histopathology, direct immunofluorescence and, in selected cases, electron microscopy. Results Nineteen patients, all adolescents (mean age: 14 years), were recruited. 11/19 (58%) of them and/or their cohabitants reported flu‐like symptoms one to two months prior to skin manifestation onset. Lesions were localized to toes and also heels and soles. Videocapillaroscopy showed pericapillary oedema, dilated and abnormal capillaries, and microhaemorrhages both in finger and toe in the majority of patients. Major pathological findings included epidermal basal layer vacuolation, papillary dermis oedema and erythrocyte extravasation, perivascular and perieccrine dermal lymphocytic infiltrate, and mucin deposition in the dermis and hypodermis; dermal vessel thrombi were observed in two cases. Blood examinations were normal. Nasopharyngeal swab for SARS‐CoV‐2 and IgG serology for SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid protein were negative. Importantly, IgA serology for S1 domain of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein was positive in 6 patients and borderline in 3. Conclusions Chilblain‐like lesions during COVID‐19 pandemic have specific epidemiologic, clinical, capillaroscopic and histopathological characteristics, which distinguish them from idiopathic perniosis. Though we could not formally prove SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in our patients, history data and the detection of anti‐SARS‐COV‐2 IgA strongly suggest a relationship between skin lesions and COVID‐19. Further investigations on the mechanisms of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in children and pathogenesis of chilblain‐like lesions are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- M El Hachem
- Dermatology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - A Diociaiuti
- Dermatology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - C Concato
- Virology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - R Carsetti
- Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Department of Laboratories, B Cell Pathophysiology Unit, Immunology Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - C Carnevale
- Dermatology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - M Ciofi Degli Atti
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - L Giovannelli
- Medical Laboratory Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - E Latella
- Dermatology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - O Porzio
- Medical Laboratory Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - S Rossi
- Pathology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - A Stracuzzi
- Pathology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - S Zaffina
- Occupational Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - A Onetti Muda
- Department of Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - G Zambruno
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - R Alaggio
- Pathology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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21
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Abstract
“COVID toes” are a new phenomenon of pernio-like lesions that has been associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. As dermatology practices reopen and increase patient volumes amid the waning of the coronavirus pandemic, it is important to consider the finding of pernio and pernio-like lesions in the context of both COVID-19 and its other possible etiologies. This contribution will discuss possible causes of pernio and pernio-like lesions and offer suggestions for appropriate diagnostic workup and management when indicated.
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Andina D, Noguera-Morel L, Bascuas-Arribas M, Gaitero-Tristán J, Alonso-Cadenas JA, Escalada-Pellitero S, Hernández-Martín Á, de la Torre-Espi M, Colmenero I, Torrelo A. Chilblains in children in the setting of COVID-19 pandemic. Pediatr Dermatol 2020; 37:406-411. [PMID: 32386460 PMCID: PMC7272985 DOI: 10.1111/pde.14215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different skin manifestations of COVID-19 are being reported. Acral lesions on the hands and feet, closely resembling chilblains, have been recognized during the peak incidence of the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective review of 22 children and adolescents with chilblain-like lesions seen over a short period of time in the Emergency Department of a children's hospital during the peak incidence of COVID-19 in Madrid, Spain. RESULTS All patients had lesions clinically consistent with chilblains of the toes or feet, with three also having lesions of the fingers. Pruritus and mild pain were the only skin symptoms elicited, and only 10 had mild respiratory and/or GI symptoms. None had fever. Coagulation tests, hemogram, serum chemistry, and lupus anticoagulant were normal in all patients tested. One out of 16 tested cases had elevated D-dimer results, but without systemic symptoms or other laboratory anomalies. SARS-CoV-2 PCR tested in 19 cases was positive in just one case. Skin biopsies obtained in six patients were consistent with chilblains. On follow-up, all cases showed spontaneous marked improvement or complete healing. CONCLUSION Acute chilblains were observed during COVID-19 pandemic in children and teenagers. It is a mildly symptomatic condition with an excellent prognosis, usually requiring no therapy. Etiopathogenesis remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Andina
- Emergency Department, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucero Noguera-Morel
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Isabel Colmenero
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Torrelo
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
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