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Reichardt J, Reichardt S, Hostetler CA, Lucker PL, McGee TJ, Twigg LW, Dörnbrack A, Schoeberl MR, Yang P. Mother-of-pearl cloud particle size and composition from aircraft-based photography of coloration and lidar measurements. APPLIED OPTICS 2015; 54:B140-B153. [PMID: 25967820 DOI: 10.1364/ao.54.00b140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
During a Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas (SAGE)-III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE)-II science flight on 4 February 2003, a mother-of-pearl cloud over Iceland was underflown by the NASA DC-8 and measured with the lidars onboard. In addition, color photos were taken during the approach. Aided by extensive modeling of cloud coloration, the main results of the analysis of this unique data set are: (1) the polar stratospheric cloud was mountain wave-induced and of type II; (2) the spectacular color display was caused by ice particles with sizes around 2 μm.
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Achtert P, Khosrawi F, Blum U, Fricke KH. Investigation of polar stratospheric clouds in January 2008 by means of ground-based and spaceborne lidar measurements and microphysical box model simulations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Höpfner M, Pitts MC, Poole LR. Comparison between CALIPSO and MIPAS observations of polar stratospheric clouds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Jumelet J, Bekki S, David C, Keckhut P, Baumgarten G. Size distribution time series of a polar stratospheric cloud observed above Arctic Lidar Observatory for Middle Atmosphere Research (ALOMAR) (69°N) and analyzed from multiwavelength lidar measurements during winter 2005. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Noel V, Hertzog A, Chepfer H, Winker DM. Polar stratospheric clouds over Antarctica from the CALIPSO spaceborne lidar. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Massoli P, Maturilli M, Neuber R. Climatology of Arctic polar stratospheric clouds as measured by lidar in Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen (79°N, 12°E). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd005840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Adriani A. Climatology of polar stratospheric clouds based on lidar observations from 1993 to 2001 over McMurdo Station, Antarctica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Luo BP. Extreme NAT supersaturations in mountain wave ice PSCs: A clue to NAT formation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bogdan A. Study of finely divided aqueous systems as an aid to understanding the surface chemistry of polar stratospheric clouds: Case of HCl/H2O and HNO3/HCl/H2O systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Drdla K, Gandrud BW, Baumgardner D, Wilson JC, Bui TP, Hurst D, Schauffler SM, Jost H, Greenblatt JB, Webster CR. Evidence for the widespread presence of liquid-phase particles during the 1999-2000 Arctic winter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Drdla
- NASA Ames Research Center; Moffett Field California USA
| | - B. W. Gandrud
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - D. Baumgardner
- Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; Mexico City Mexico
| | | | - T. P. Bui
- NASA Ames Research Center; Moffett Field California USA
| | - D. Hurst
- NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | - H. Jost
- NASA Ames Research Center; Moffett Field California USA
- Bay Area Environmental Research Institute; Sonoma California USA
| | - J. B. Greenblatt
- NASA Ames Research Center; Moffett Field California USA
- Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences; Princeton University; Princeton New Jersey USA
| | - C. R. Webster
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Pasadena California USA
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di Sarra A. Lidar observations of polar stratospheric clouds over northern Greenland in the period 1990–1997. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Larsen N. Microphysical mesoscale simulations of polar stratospheric cloud formation constrained by in situ measurements of chemical and optical cloud properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Dörnbrack A. Evidence for inertia gravity waves forming polar stratospheric clouds over Scandinavia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hu RM. Microphysical properties of wave polar stratospheric clouds retrieved from lidar measurements during SOLVE/THESEO 2000. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Teitelbaum H, Moustaoui M, Fromm M. Exploring polar stratospheric cloud and ozone minihole formation: The primary importance of synoptic-scale flow perturbations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Biele J, Tsias A, Luo BP, Carslaw KS, Neuber R, Beyerle G, Peter T. Nonequilibrium coexistence of solid and liquid particles in Arctic stratospheric clouds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd900188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Koehler BG. Desorption kinetics of model polar stratospheric cloud films measured using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Temperature-Programmed Desorption. INT J CHEM KINET 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.1024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Zondlo MA, Hudson PK, Prenni AJ, Tolbert MA. Chemistry and microphysics of polar stratospheric clouds and cirrus clouds. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2000; 51:473-99. [PMID: 11031290 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.physchem.51.1.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ice particles found within polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) and upper tropospheric cirrus clouds can dramatically impact the chemistry and climate of the Earth's atmosphere. The formation of PSCs and the subsequent chemical reactions that occur on their surfaces are key components of the massive ozone hole observed each spring over Antarctica. Cirrus clouds also provide surfaces for heterogeneous reactions and significantly modify the Earth's climate by changing the visible and infrared radiation fluxes. Although the role of ice particles in climate and chemistry is well recognized, the exact mechanisms of cloud formation are still unknown, and thus it is difficult to predict how anthropogenic activities will change cloud abundances in the future. This article focuses on the nucleation, chemistry, and microphysical properties of ice particles composing PSCs and cirrus clouds. A general overview of the current state of research is presented along with some unresolved issues facing scientists in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Zondlo
- Advanced Study Program and Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scot T. Martin
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Pierce Hall, Room 122, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
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Stein B, Wedekind C, Wille H, Immler F, Müller M, Wöste L, del Guasta M, Morandi M, Stefanutti L, Antonelli A, Agostini P, Rizi V, Readelli G, Mitev V, Matthey R, Kivi R, Kyrö E. Optical classification, existence temperatures, and coexistence of different polar stratospheric cloud types. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Stefanutti L, MacKenzie AR, Balestri S, Khattatov V, Fiocco G, Kyrö E, Peter T. Airborne Polar Experiment-Polar Ozone, Leewaves, Chemistry, and Transport (APE-POLECAT): Rationale, road map and summary of measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1998jd100078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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