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Szabó Z, Buczkó K, Haliuc A, Pál I, L Korponai J, Begy RC, Veres D, Luoto TP, Zsigmond AR, Magyari EK. Ecosystem shift of a mountain lake under climate and human pressure: A move out from the safe operating space. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 743:140584. [PMID: 32758817 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A multiproxy approach including chironomid, diatom, pollen and geochemical analyses was applied on short gravitational cores retrieved from an alpine lake (Lacul Bâlea) in the Southern Carpathians (Romania) to unveil how this lake responded to natural and anthropogenic forcing over the past 500 years. On the basis of chironomid and diatom assemblage changes, and supported by sediment chemical data and historical information, we distinguished two main phases in lake evolution. Before 1926 the lake was dominated by chironomids belonging to Micropsectra insignilobus-type and benthic diatoms suggesting well-oxygenated oligotrophic environment with only small-scale disturbance. We considered this state as the lake's safe operational space. After 1926 significant changes occurred: Tanytarsus lugens-type and T. mendax-type chironomids took over dominance and collector filterers increased until 1970 pointing to an increase in available nutrients. The diatom community showed the most pronounced change between 1950 and 1992 when planktonic diatoms increased. The highest trophic level was reconstructed between 1970 and 1992, while the indicator species of increasing nutrient availability, Asterionella formosa spread from 1982 and decreased rapidly at 1992. Statistical analyses evidenced that the main driver of the diatom community change was atmospheric reactive nitrogen (Nr) fertilization that drastically moved the community towards planktonic diatom dominance from 1950. The transformation of the chironomid community was primarily driven by summer mean temperature increase that also changed the dominant feeding guild from collector gatherers to collector filterers. Our results overall suggest that the speed of ecosystem reorganisation showed an unprecedented increase over the last 100 years; biological systems in many cases underwent threshold type changes, while several system components displayed non-hysteretic change between alternating community composition. We conclude that Lake Bâlea is outside of its safe operating space today. The main trigger of changes since 1926 was climate change and human impact acting synergically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Szabó
- Department of Environmental and Landscape Geography, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter str. 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; Centre for Ecological Research, GINOP Sustainable Ecosystems Group, Klebelsberg Kuno str. 3, H-8237 Tihany, Hungary.
| | - Krisztina Buczkó
- Centre for Ecological Research, GINOP Sustainable Ecosystems Group, Klebelsberg Kuno str. 3, H-8237 Tihany, Hungary; Hungarian Natural History Museum, Department of Botany, 1088 Budapest, Baross str.13, Hungary; Centre for Ecological Research, Danube Research Institute, Karolina str. 29, H-1113 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Aritina Haliuc
- Centre for Ecological Research, GINOP Sustainable Ecosystems Group, Klebelsberg Kuno str. 3, H-8237 Tihany, Hungary
| | - Ilona Pál
- Department of Environmental and Landscape Geography, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter str. 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Biology, ELTE Savaria University Centre, 9700 Szombathely, Károlyi Gáspár square 4, Hungary
| | - János L Korponai
- Department of Water Supply and Sewerage, Faculty of Water Science, National University of Public Service, 6500 Baja, Bajcsy-Zs. str.12-14. Hungary; Department of Environmental Science, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Calea Turzii 4, 400193 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Róbert-Csaba Begy
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Science, Babes-Bolyai University, Treboniu Laurian 42, 400271, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniel Veres
- Romanian Academy, Institute of Speleology, Clinicilor 5, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Tomi P Luoto
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Andreea R Zsigmond
- Department of Environmental Science, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Calea Turzii 4, 400193 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Enikő K Magyari
- Department of Environmental and Landscape Geography, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter str. 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; Centre for Ecological Research, GINOP Sustainable Ecosystems Group, Klebelsberg Kuno str. 3, H-8237 Tihany, Hungary; MTA-MTM-ELTE Research group for Paleontology, Pázmány Péter str. 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
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Begy RC, Simon H, Kelemen S, Preoteasa L. Investigation of sedimentation rates and sediment dynamics in Danube Delta lake system (Romania) by 210Pb dating method. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2018; 192:95-104. [PMID: 29909226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Being a dynamic environment associated with complex costal, fluvial and marine processes, only a few studies regarding the evolution of the Danube Delta and the human impacts on its ecosystem have been carried out. Being a sensible to all processes occurring in its catchment area, information is stored in the deposited sediments, which can be used as tracers for natural and anthropogenic processes. The aim of this study is to determine a detailed reconstruction of the sedimentation rates in the last century by applying the 210Pb dating method validated by 137Cs profiles. Additionally, the impacts of the construction of river-regulating structures (mainly the Iron Gates Hydro-Energetic Power Plants) are investigated, along with the assessment of natural phenomena (floods, storms etc.). To achieve this, 26 sediment cores from seven lakes were collected. 210Pbsup and 137Cs were determined using gamma spectrometry, while 210Pbtot was measured via alpha spectrometry (210Po), using the CRS model for age determination. From the assessed lakes, the most affected was the Matița Lake with a maximum sedimentation rate of 10.93 g cm-2 yr-1 and the least affected was the Isac Lake. Average sedimentation rates are: 0.95 g cm-2 yr-1 for Cruhlig Lake, 0.70 g cm-2 yr-1 for Uzlina Lake, 0.44 g cm-2 yr-1 for Isac Lake, 0.47 g cm-2 yr-1 for Cuibida Lake, 0.51 g cm-2 yr-1 for Iacob Lake, 1.00 g cm-2 yr-1 for Matița Lake and 0.76 g cm-2 yr-1 for Merhei Lake. Physical parameters (water content, porosity and bulk density) and LOI (organic matter and inorganic carbon content) were determined for each core to differentiate organic and non-organic sedimentation. Beside the natural influences, it is difficult to track the effects of the Iron Gates and not all analysed lakes were suitable for this task. The 1940-1970 period and the following ten years were compared in means of sedimentation: a decrease in sedimentation can be observed in four of the lakes: 59% in Cruhlig Lake, 16% in Uzlina Lake, 10% in Iacob Lake and 42% in Isac Lake, leading to an average 32% for the four lakes. The other three lakes show increasing tendencies of 39% in this period: 87% in Matița Lake, 6% in Merhei Lake and 24% in Cuibida Lake. Sedimentation rates show growths of 3 times after 1989, the most affected being the two northern lakes (3 times increase in both Matița Lake and Merhei Lake) and the four central lakes (2 times in case of Cuibida Lake, 3 times in Iacob Lake, 3 times in Isac Lake and 4 times in Uzlina Lake) with an average increase of 3 times, while the southern one (Cruhlig Lake) 2 times.
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Affiliation(s)
- R-Cs Begy
- Babeș-Bolyai University, Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fântânele 30, 400294, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Babeș-Bolyai University, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Science, Treboniu Laurean 42, 400271, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - H Simon
- Babeș-Bolyai University, Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fântânele 30, 400294, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Sz Kelemen
- Babeș-Bolyai University, Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fântânele 30, 400294, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - L Preoteasa
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Geography, M. Kogălniceanu Blvd 36-46, Sector 5, 050107, Bucharest, Romania
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Nguyen Van T, Vu Ngoc B, Huynh Nguyen Phong T, Le Cong H, Truong Thi Hong L. Radioactivity in airborne particulate and rainwater samples and deposition to ground in Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam). J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-5806-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Dueñas C, Gordo E, Liger E, Cabello M, Cañete S, Pérez M, Torre-Luque PDL. 7Be, 210Pb and 40K depositions over 11 years in Málaga. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2017; 178-179:325-334. [PMID: 28965023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The monthly bulk depositional fluxes of three natural radionuclides (7Be, 210Pb and 40K) were measured at a Mediterranean coastal station (Málaga) over an 11-year period from 2005 to 2015. The mean annual depositional fluxes of 7Be, 210Pb and 40K were 1215, 144 and 67 Bq m-2 year-1 respectively, showing a clear seasonal trend with minimum values recorded during summer and maximum values in winter. The rainfall regime with dry summers allows estimating the dry deposition. Assuming constant dry deposition through each year, 7Be, 210Pb and 40K would account for 12.5, 26.5 and 33% of the bulk fallout respectively which indicates that deposition for 210Pb and 40K are significantly higher than 7Be. The precipitation-normalized enrichment factor alpha used to explain seasonal variations in the depositional fluxes of radionuclides with respect the rainfall, indicates higher depositional fluxes during spring and summer than expected from the amount of rainfall. Despite their different origin, 210Pb and 7Be monthly depositional fluxes have strong correlation. The atmospheric deposition fluxes of 7Be, 210Pb and 40K were controlled mainly by the amount of rainfall (r = 0.89, 0.91 and 0.66 respectively). Moreover, principal component analysis was applied to the datasets and deposition of radionuclides and rainfall in the same component highlighting the importance of the washout mechanism. The mean depositional velocity of aerosols evaluated using 7Be and 210Pb are similar and are compared to other published values.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dueñas
- Department of Applied Physics I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
| | - E Gordo
- Department of Applied Physics I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - E Liger
- Department of Applied Physics II, Technical College Informatic Engineering, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - M Cabello
- Department of Applied Physics I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - S Cañete
- Department of Applied Physics I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - M Pérez
- Department of Radiology and Health Physics, Ophthalmology and OTI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - P de la Torre-Luque
- Department of Applied Physics I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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