1
|
Liu J, Wang S, Zhang Y, Yan Y, Zhu J, Zhang S, Wang T, Tan Y, Zhou B. Investigation of formaldehyde sources and its relative emission intensity in shipping channel environment. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 142:142-154. [PMID: 38527880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (HCHO) is considered one of the most abundant gas-phase carbonyl compounds in the atmosphere, which can be directly emitted through transportation sources. Long-Path Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (LP-DOAS) was used to observe HCHO in the river channel of Wusong Wharf in Shanghai, China for the whole year of 2019. Due to the impact of ship activity, the annual average HCHO level in the channel is about 2.5 times higher than that in the nearby campus environment. To explain the sources of HCHO under different meteorological conditions, the tracer-pair of CO and Ox (NO2+O3) was used on the clustered air masses. The results of the source appointment show that primary, secondary and background account for 24.14% (3.34 ± 1.19 ppbv), 44.78% (6.20 ± 2.04 ppbv) and 31.09% (4.31 ± 2.33 ppbv) of the HCHO in the channel when the air masses were from the mixed direction of the city and channel, respectively. By performing background station subtraction at times of high primary HCHO values and resolving the plume peaks, directly emitted HCHO/NO2 in the channel environment and plume were determined to be mainly distributed between 0.2 and 0.3. General cargo ships with higher sailing speeds or main engine powers tend to have higher HCHO/NO2 levels. With the knowledge of NO2 (or NOx) emission levels from ships, this study may provide data support for the establishment of HCHO emission factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), No. 20 Cuiniao Road, Shanghai 202162, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), No. 20 Cuiniao Road, Shanghai 202162, China; National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Institute of Digitalized Sustainable Transformation, Big Data Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuhao Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Sanbao Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yibing Tan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), No. 20 Cuiniao Road, Shanghai 202162, China; Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
The Dynamical Role of the Chesapeake Bay on the Local Ozone Pollution Using Mesoscale Modeling—A Case Study. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13050641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the dynamic influence of the Chesapeake Bay (CB) on local ozone (O3) concentration and distribution using a weather forecasting model. The Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF–Chem) was employed to simulate O3 production and transportation near the CB. Baseline (water) as well as sensitivity (nowater) model experiments of bay circulation were carried out with and without bay water by changing the water surface from water to land (loam). First, the model performance simulating O3 was evaluated using the baseline experiment results and AirNow surface wind and O3 observations. The results showed that the model overestimates surface O3 by up to 20–30%. Further, the comparisons of the baseline and sensitivity experiments revealed higher O3 mixing ratios, primarily due to the resulting bay breeze circulation. These increases, after considering model overestimation, represent a mean bay dynamics circulation-induced contribution of up to 10% at night and 5% during the day. Furthermore, the boundary layer over northern CB, where it is at its narrowest width, was higher (by 1.2 km on average) during daytime due to higher surface temperatures observed. The boundary layer depth difference between the northern, central, and southern regions of the bay leads to a differential in the role of bay circulation dynamics in the observed O3 increase. The relatively wider swath of water surface over southern CB resulted in a lower boundary layer depth and stronger breeze circulation and this circulation contributed to O3 concentrations. Moreover, since the case selected has a minimal bay breeze circulation, the associated surface ozone enhancements represent what is expected at least at a minimum.
Collapse
|
3
|
Sullivan JT, Berkoff T, Gronoff G, Knepp T, Pippin M, Allen D, Twigg L, Swap R, Tzortziou M, Thompson AM, Stauffer RM, Wolfe GM, Flynn J, Pusede SE, Judd L, Moore W, Baker BD, Al-Saadi J, McGee TJ. The Ozone Water-Land Environmental Transition Study (OWLETS): An Innovative Strategy for Understanding Chesapeake Bay Pollution Events. BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2019; 100:291-306. [PMID: 33005058 PMCID: PMC7526589 DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-18-0025.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Coastal regions have historically represented a significant challenge for air quality investigations due to water-land boundary transition characteristics and a paucity of measurements available over water. Prior studies have identified the formation of high levels of ozone over water bodies, such as the Chesapeake Bay, that can potentially recirculate back over land to significantly impact populated areas. Earth-observing satellites and forecast models face challenges in capturing the coastal transition zone where small-scale meteorological dynamics are complex and large changes in pollutants can occur on very short spatial and temporal scales. An observation strategy is presented to synchronously measure pollutants 'over-land' and 'over-water' to provide a more complete picture of chemical gradients across coastal boundaries for both the needs of state and local environmental management and new remote sensing platforms. Intensive vertical profile information from ozone lidar systems and ozonesondes, obtained at two main sites, one over land and the other over water, are complemented by remote sensing and in-situ observations of air quality from ground-based, airborne (both personned and unpersonned), and shipborne platforms. These observations, coupled with reliable chemical transport simulations, such as the NOAA National Air Quality Forecast Capability (NAQFC), are expected to lead to a more fully characterized and complete land-water interaction observing system that can be used to assess future geostationary air quality instruments, such as the NASA Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO) as well as current low earth orbiting satellites, such as the European Space Agency's Sentinel 5-Precursor (S5-P) with its Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guillaume Gronoff
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Travis Knepp
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA
| | | | | | - Laurence Twigg
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD, USA
| | - Robert Swap
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Maria Tzortziou
- Earth and Atmospheric Science Dept., City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Ryan M. Stauffer
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Universities Space Research Administration, Columbia, MD, USA
| | - Glenn M. Wolfe
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James Flynn
- College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sally E. Pusede
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Laura Judd
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
- Universities Space Research Administration, Columbia, MD, USA
| | - William Moore
- School of Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Barry D. Baker
- NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, College Park, MD, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites, University of Maryland at College Park, MD, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Geospatial interpolation and mapping of tropospheric ozone pollution using geostatistics. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:983-1000. [PMID: 24434594 PMCID: PMC3924486 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110100983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3) pollution is a major problem worldwide, including in the United States of America (USA), particularly during the summer months. Ozone oxidative capacity and its impact on human health have attracted the attention of the scientific community. In the USA, sparse spatial observations for O3 may not provide a reliable source of data over a geo-environmental region. Geostatistical Analyst in ArcGIS has the capability to interpolate values in unmonitored geo-spaces of interest. In this study of eastern Texas O3 pollution, hourly episodes for spring and summer 2012 were selectively identified. To visualize the O3 distribution, geostatistical techniques were employed in ArcMap. Using ordinary Kriging, geostatistical layers of O3 for all the studied hours were predicted and mapped at a spatial resolution of 1 kilometer. A decent level of prediction accuracy was achieved and was confirmed from cross-validation results. The mean prediction error was close to 0, the root mean-standardized-prediction error was close to 1, and the root mean square and average standard errors were small. O3 pollution map data can be further used in analysis and modeling studies. Kriging results and O3 decadal trends indicate that the populace in Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, Beaumont-Port Arthur, San Antonio, and Longview are repeatedly exposed to high levels of O3-related pollution, and are prone to the corresponding respiratory and cardiovascular health effects. Optimization of the monitoring network proves to be an added advantage for the accurate prediction of exposure levels.
Collapse
|
5
|
Couzo E, Jeffries HE, Vizuete W. Houston's rapid ozone increases: preconditions and geographic origins. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY (COLLINGWOOD, VIC.) 2013; 10:260-268. [PMID: 24014080 PMCID: PMC3763807 DOI: 10.1071/en13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Many of Houston's highest 8-h ozone (O3) peaks are characterised by increases in concentrations of at least 40 ppb in 1 h, or 60 ppb in 2 h. These rapid increases are called non-typical O3 changes (NTOCs). In 2004, the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) developed a novel emissions control strategy aimed at eliminating NTOCs. The strategy limited routine and short-term emissions of ethene, propene, 1,3-butadiene and butene isomers, collectively called highly reactive volatile organic compounds (HRVOCs), which are released from petrochemical facilities. HRVOCs have been associated with NTOCs through field campaigns and modelling studies. This study analysed wind measurements and O3, formaldehyde (HCHO) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentrations from 2000 to 2011 at 25 ground monitors in Houston. NTOCs almost always occurred when monitors were downwind of petrochemical facilities. Rapid O3 increases were associated with low wind speeds; 75 % of NTOCs occurred when the 3-h average wind speed preceding the event was less than 6.5 km h-1. Statistically significant differences in HCHO concentrations were seen between days with and without NTOCs. Early afternoon HCHO concentrations were greater on NTOC days. In the morning before an observed NTOC event, however, there were no significant differences in HCHO concentrations between days with and without NTOCs. Hourly SO2 concentrations also increased rapidly, exhibiting behaviour similar to NTOCs. Oftentimes, the SO2 increases preceded a NTOC. These findings show that, despite the apparent success of targeted HRVOC emission controls, further restrictions may be needed to eliminate the remaining O3 events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan Couzo
- University of North Carolina, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Harvey E. Jeffries
- University of North Carolina, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - William Vizuete
- University of North Carolina, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Schade GW, Khan S, Park C, Boedeker I. Rural southeast Texas air quality measurements during the 2006 Texas Air Quality Study. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2011; 61:1070-1081. [PMID: 22070040 DOI: 10.1080/10473289.2011.608621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The authors conducted air quality measurements of the criteria pollutants carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and ozone together with meteorological measurements at a park site southeast of College Station, TX, during the 2006 Texas Air Quality Study II (TexAQS). Ozone, a primary focus of the measurements, was above 80 ppb during 3 days and above 75 ppb during additional 8 days in summer 2006, suggestive of possible violations of the ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) in this area. In concordance with other air quality measurements during the TexAQS II, elevated ozone mixing ratios coincided with northerly flows during days after cold front passages. Ozone background during these days was as high as 80 ppb, whereas southerly air flows generally provided for an ozone background lower than 40 ppb. Back trajectory analysis shows that local ozone mixing ratios can also be strongly affected by the Houston urban pollution plume, leading to late afternoon ozone increases of as high as 50 ppb above background under favorable transport conditions. The trajectory analysis also shows that ozone background increases steadily the longer a southern air mass resides over Texas after entering from the Gulf of Mexico. In light of these and other TexAQS findings, it appears that ozone air quality is affected throughout east Texas by both long-range and regional ozone transport, and that improvements therefore will require at least a regionally oriented instead of the current locally oriented ozone precursor reduction policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar W Schade
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xiao X, Cohan DS, Byun DW, Ngan F. Highly nonlinear ozone formation in the Houston region and implications for emission controls. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
8
|
Zaveri RA, Voss PB, Berkowitz CM, Fortner E, Zheng J, Zhang R, Valente RJ, Tanner RL, Holcomb D, Hartley TP, Baran L. Overnight atmospheric transport and chemical processing of photochemically aged Houston urban and petrochemical industrial plume. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
9
|
Senff CJ, Alvarez RJ, Hardesty RM, Banta RM, Langford AO. Airborne lidar measurements of ozone flux downwind of Houston and Dallas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
10
|
Zhang Y, Pan Y, Wang K, Fast JD, Grell GA. WRF/Chem-MADRID: Incorporation of an aerosol module into WRF/Chem and its initial application to the TexAQS2000 episode. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
11
|
Langford AO, Tucker SC, Senff CJ, Banta RM, Brewer WA, Alvarez RJ, Hardesty RM, Lerner BM, Williams EJ. Convective venting and surface ozone in Houston during TexAQS 2006. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
12
|
Rivera C, Mellqvist J, Samuelsson J, Lefer B, Alvarez S, Patel MR. Quantification of NO2and SO2emissions from the Houston Ship Channel and Texas City industrial areas during the 2006 Texas Air Quality Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
13
|
Lu K, Zhang Y, Su H, Brauers T, Chou CC, Hofzumahaus A, Liu SC, Kita K, Kondo Y, Shao M, Wahner A, Wang J, Wang X, Zhu T. Oxidant (O3+ NO2) production processes and formation regimes in Beijing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
14
|
McMillan WW, Pierce RB, Sparling LC, Osterman G, McCann K, Fischer ML, Rappenglück B, Newsom R, Turner D, Kittaka C, Evans K, Biraud S, Lefer B, Andrews A, Oltmans S. An observational and modeling strategy to investigate the impact of remote sources on local air quality: A Houston, Texas, case study from the Second Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS II). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd011973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
15
|
Parrish DD, Allen DT, Bates TS, Estes M, Fehsenfeld FC, Feingold G, Ferrare R, Hardesty RM, Meagher JF, Nielsen-Gammon JW, Pierce RB, Ryerson TB, Seinfeld JH, Williams EJ. Overview of the Second Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS II) and the Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric Composition and Climate Study (GoMACCS). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd011842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
16
|
Langford AO, Senff CJ, Banta RM, Hardesty RM, Alvarez RJ, Sandberg SP, Darby LS. Regional and local background ozone in Houston during Texas Air Quality Study 2006. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
17
|
Pierce RB, Al-Saadi J, Kittaka C, Schaack T, Lenzen A, Bowman K, Szykman J, Soja A, Ryerson T, Thompson AM, Bhartia P, Morris GA. Impacts of background ozone production on Houston and Dallas, Texas, air quality during the Second Texas Air Quality Study field mission. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
18
|
Gilman JB, Kuster WC, Goldan PD, Herndon SC, Zahniser MS, Tucker SC, Brewer WA, Lerner BM, Williams EJ, Harley RA, Fehsenfeld FC, Warneke C, de Gouw JA. Measurements of volatile organic compounds during the 2006 TexAQS/GoMACCS campaign: Industrial influences, regional characteristics, and diurnal dependencies of the OH reactivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
19
|
Chou CCK, Tsai CY, Shiu CJ, Liu SC, Zhu T. Measurement of NOyduring Campaign of Air Quality Research in Beijing 2006 (CAREBeijing-2006): Implications for the ozone production efficiency of NOx. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
20
|
Rappenglück B, Perna R, Zhong S, Morris GA. An analysis of the vertical structure of the atmosphere and the upper-level meteorology and their impact on surface ozone levels in Houston, Texas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
21
|
Li G, Zhang R, Fan J, Tie X. Impacts of biogenic emissions on photochemical ozone production in Houston, Texas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guohui Li
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas USA
| | - Renyi Zhang
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas USA
| | - Jiwen Fan
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas USA
| | - Xuexi Tie
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Morris GA, Hersey S, Thompson AM, Pawson S, Nielsen JE, Colarco PR, McMillan WW, Stohl A, Turquety S, Warner J, Johnson BJ, Kucsera TL, Larko DE, Oltmans SJ, Witte JC. Alaskan and Canadian forest fires exacerbate ozone pollution over Houston, Texas, on 19 and 20 July 2004. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
23
|
Herndon SC, Jayne JT, Zahniser MS, Worsnop DR, Knighton B, Alwine E, Lamb BK, Zavala M, Nelson DD, McManus JB, Shorter JH, Canagaratna MR, Onasch TB, Kolb CE. Characterization of urban pollutant emission fluxes and ambient concentration distributions using a mobile laboratory with rapid response instrumentation. Faraday Discuss 2005; 130:327-39; discussion 363-86, 519-24. [PMID: 16161792 DOI: 10.1039/b500411j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A large and increasing fraction of the planet's population lives in megacities, especially in the developing world. These large metropolitan areas generally have very high levels of both gaseous and particulate air pollutants that have severe impacts on human health, ecosystem viability, and climate on local, regional, and even continental scales. Emissions fluxes and ambient pollutant concentration distributions are generally poorly characterized for large urban areas even in developed nations. Much less is known about pollutant sources and concentration patterns in the faster growing megacities of the developing world. New methods of locating and measuring pollutant emission sources and tracking subsequent atmospheric chemical transformations and distributions are required. Measurement modes utilizing an innovative van based mobile laboratory equipped with a suite of fast response instruments to characterize the complex and "nastier" chemistry of the urban boundary layer are described. Instrumentation and measurement strategies are illustrated with examples from the Mexico City and Boston metropolitan areas. It is shown that fleet average exhaust emission ratios of formaldehyde (HCHO), acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) and benzene (C6H6) are substantial in Mexico City, with gasoline powered vehicles emitting higher levels normalized by fuel consumption. NH3 exhaust emissions from newer light duty vehicles in Mexico City exceed levels from similar traffic in Boston. A mobile conditional sampling air sample collection mode designed to collect samples from intercepted emission plumes for later analysis is also described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott C Herndon
- Center for Atmospheric and Environmental Chemistry, Aerodyne Research, Inc., 45 Manning Road, Billerica MA 01821-3976, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kleinman LI. A comparative study of ozone production in five U.S. metropolitan areas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|