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Vertical Profile of Ozone Derived from Combined MLS and TES Satellite Observations. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14071588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Ozone is one of the most important gases in the atmosphere as it plays different roles based on the levels it presents. The ozone layer in the stratosphere protects life on Earth by absorbing ultraviolet (UV) radiance while harming life at ground-level. In order to better understand the source of ozone pollution, transport of ozone, stratosphere-troposphere exchange of ozone, it is necessary to estimate the vertical profile of ozone. In this study, we derive the vertical ozone profile throughout the troposphere to the stratosphere by combing ozone retrievals from MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder) and TES (Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer). The combination algorithm is based on the MLS and TES retrieved vertical profiles of ozone, and averaging kernels of MLS, which represent the vertical sensitivity of the instrument. The combination algorithm was applied to the pairs of MLS and TES over the globe in 2007 as examples. The combined vertical profiles were compared with ozonesonde observations for validation, which indicate that the combined products extract information from MLS and TES have less biases than that of MLS or TES alone in general in both stratosphere and troposphere under certain quantitative criteria.
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Jaeglé L, Wood R, Wargan K. Multi-year composite view of ozone enhancements and stratosphere-to-troposphere transport in dry intrusions of northern hemisphere extratropical cyclones. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2017; 122:13436-13457. [PMID: 29479506 PMCID: PMC5823518 DOI: 10.1002/2017jd027656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We examine the role of extratropical cyclones in stratosphere-to-troposphere (STT) exchange with cyclone-centric composites of O3 retrievals from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES), contrasting them to composites obtained with the Modern-Era Retrospective-analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA and MERRA-2) reanalyses and the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model. We identify 15,978 extratropical cyclones in the northern hemisphere (NH) for 2005-2012. The lowermost stratosphere (261 hPa) and middle troposphere (424 hPa) composites feature a 1,000 km-wide O3 enhancement in the dry intrusion (DI) airstream to the southwest of the cyclone center, coinciding with a lowered tropopause, enhanced potential vorticity, and decreased H2O. MLS composites at 261 hPa show that the DI O3 enhancements reach a 210 ppbv maximum in April. At 424 hPa, TES composites display maximum O3 enhancements of 27 ppbv in May. The magnitude and seasonality of these enhancements are captured by MERRA and MERRA-2, but GEOS-Chem is a factor of two too low. The MERRA-2 composites show that the O3-rich DI forms a vertically aligned structure between 300 and 800 hPa, wrapping cyclonically with the warm conveyor belt. In winter and spring DIs, O3 is enhanced by 100 ppbv or 100-130% at 300 hPa, with significant enhancements below 500 hPa (6-20 ppbv or 15-30%). We estimate that extratropical cyclones result in a STT flux of 119±56 Tg O3 yr-1, accounting for 42±20 % of the NH extratropical O3 STT flux. The STT flux in cyclones displays a strong dependence on westerly 300 hPa wind speeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyatt Jaeglé
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Robert Wood
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Krzysztof Wargan
- Science Systems and Applications Inc., Lanham, Maryland, USA
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
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Knowland KE, Doherty RM, Hodges KI, Ott LE. The influence of mid-latitude cyclones on European background surface ozone. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2017; 17:12421-12447. [PMID: 32714379 PMCID: PMC7380074 DOI: 10.5194/acp-17-12421-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between springtime mid-latitude cyclones and background ozone (O3) is explored using a combination of observational and reanalysis data sets. First, the relationship between surface O3 observations at two rural monitoring sites on the west coast of Europe - Mace Head, Ireland and Monte Velho, Portugal - and cyclone track frequency in the surrounding regions is examined. Second, detailed case study examination of four individual mid-latitude cyclones and the influence of the associated frontal passage on surface O3 is performed. Cyclone tracks have a greater influence on the O3 measurements at the more northern coastal European station, Mace Head, located within the main North Atlantic (NA) storm track. In particular, when cyclones track north of 53° N, there is a significant relationship with high levels of surface O3 (> 75th percentile). The further away a cyclone is from the NA storm track, the more likely it will be associated with both high and low (< 25th percentile) levels of O3 at the observation site during the cyclone's life cycle. The results of the four case studies demonstrate a) the importance of the passage of a cyclone's cold front in relation to surface O3 measurements, b) the ability of mid-latitude cyclones to bring down high levels of O3 from the stratosphere and c) that accompanying surface high pressure systems and their associated transport pathways play an important role in the temporal variability of surface O3. The main source of high O3 to these two sites in springtime is from the stratosphere, either from direct injection into the cyclone or associated with aged airstreams from decaying downstream cyclones that can become entrained and descend toward the surface within new cyclones over the NA region.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Emma Knowland
- Universities Space Research Association (USRA)/Goddard Earth Science Technology & Research (GESTAR)
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Ruth M. Doherty
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Lesley E. Ott
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
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Davis SM, Hegglin MI, Fujiwara M, Dragani R, Harada Y, Kobayashi C, Long C, Manney GL, Nash ER, Potter GL, Tegtmeier S, Wang T, Wargan K, Wright JS. Assessment of upper tropospheric and stratospheric water vapor and ozone in reanalyses as part of S-RIP. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2017; 17:12743-12778. [PMID: 32714380 PMCID: PMC7380091 DOI: 10.5194/acp-17-12743-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Reanalysis data sets are widely used to understand atmospheric processes and past variability, and are often used to stand in as "observations" for comparisons with climate model output. Because of the central role of water vapor (WV) and ozone (O3) in climate change, it is important to understand how accurately and consistently these species are represented in existing global reanalyses. In this paper, we present the results of WV and O3 intercomparisons that have been performed as part of the SPARC (Stratosphere-troposphere Processes and their Role in Climate) Reanalysis Intercomparison Project (S-RIP). The comparisons cover a range of timescales and evaluate both inter-reanalysis and observation-reanalysis differences. We also provide a systematic documentation of the treatment of WV and O3 in current reanalyses to aid future research and guide the interpretation of differences amongst reanalysis fields. The assimilation of total column ozone (TCO) observations in newer reanalyses results in realistic representations of TCO in reanalyses except when data coverage is lacking, such as during polar night. The vertical distribution of ozone is also relatively well represented in the stratosphere in reanalyses, particularly given the relatively weak constraints on ozone vertical structure provided by most assimilated observations and the simplistic representations of ozone photochemical processes in most of the reanalysis forecast models. However, significant biases in the vertical distribution of ozone are found in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere in all reanalyses. In contrast to O3, reanalysis estimates of stratospheric WV are not directly constrained by assimilated data. Observations of atmospheric humidity are typically used only in the troposphere, below a specified vertical level at or near the tropopause. The fidelity of reanalysis stratospheric WV products is therefore mainly dependent on the reanalyses' representation of the physical drivers that influence stratospheric WV, such as temperatures in the tropical tropopause layer, methane oxidation, and the stratospheric overturning circulation. The lack of assimilated observations and known deficiencies in the representation of stratospheric transport in reanalyses result in much poorer agreement amongst observational and reanalysis estimates of stratospheric WV. Hence, stratospheric WV products from the current generation of reanalyses should generally not be used in scientific studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. Davis
- Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | | | - Masatomo Fujiwara
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Rossana Dragani
- European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, RG2 9AX, UK
| | - Yayoi Harada
- Japan Meteorological Agency, Tokyo, 100-8122, Japan
| | - Chiaki Kobayashi
- Japan Meteorological Agency, Tokyo, 100-8122, Japan
- Climate Research Department, Meteorological Research Institute, JMA, Tsukuba, 305-0052, Japan
| | - Craig Long
- Climate Prediction Center, National Centers for Environmental Prediction, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Gloria L. Manney
- NorthWest Research Associates, Socorro, NM 87801, USA
- Department of Physics, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM 87801, USA
| | - Eric R. Nash
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, Maryland 20706, USA
| | - Gerald L. Potter
- NASA Center for Climate Simulation, Code 606.2, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt MD 20771, USA
| | - Susann Tegtmeier
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, 24105, Germany
| | - Tao Wang
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Krzysztof Wargan
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, Maryland 20706, USA
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, Code 610.1, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - Jonathon S. Wright
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Wargan K, Labow G, Frith S, Pawson S, Livesey N, Partyka G. Evaluation of the Ozone Fields in NASA's MERRA-2 Reanalysis. JOURNAL OF CLIMATE 2017; 30. [PMID: 29527096 PMCID: PMC5842360 DOI: 10.1175/jcli-d-16-0699.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We describe and assess the quality of the assimilated ozone product from the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2) produced at NASA's Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) spanning the time period from 1980 to present. MERRA-2 assimilates partial column ozone retrievals from a series of Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet (SBUV) radiometers on NASA and NOAA spacecraft between January 1980 and September 2004; starting in October 2004 retrieved ozone profiles from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and total column ozone from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument on NASA's EOS Aura satellite are assimilated. We compare the MERRA-2 ozone with independent satellite and ozonesonde data focusing on the representation of the spatial and temporal variability of stratospheric and upper tropospheric ozone and on implications of the change in the observing system from SBUV to EOS Aura. The comparisons show agreement within 10 % (standard deviation of the difference) between MERRA-2 profiles and independent satellite data in most of the stratosphere. The agreement improves after 2004 when EOS Aura data are assimilated. The standard deviation of the differences between the lower stratospheric and upper tropospheric MERRA-2 ozone and ozonesondes is 11.2 % and 24.5 %, respectively, with correlations of 0.8 and above, indicative of a realistic representation of the near-tropopause ozone variability in MERRA-2. The agreement improves significantly in the EOS Aura period, however MERRA-2 is biased low in the upper troposphere with respect to the ozonesondes. Caution is recommended when using MERRA-2 ozone for decadal changes and trend studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Wargan
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, Code 610.1, NASA Goddard
Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
- Science Systems and Applications Inc., Lanham, MD
| | - Gordon Labow
- Science Systems and Applications Inc., Lanham, MD
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, Code 614, NASA
Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
| | - Stacey Frith
- Science Systems and Applications Inc., Lanham, MD
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, Code 614, NASA
Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
| | - Steven Pawson
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, Code 610.1, NASA Goddard
Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
| | - Nathaniel Livesey
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology,
Pasadena, CA
| | - Gary Partyka
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, Code 610.1, NASA Goddard
Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
- Science Systems and Applications Inc., Lanham, MD
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Thompson AM, Miller SK, Tilmes S, Kollonige DW, Witte JC, Oltmans SJ, Johnson BJ, Fujiwara M, Schmidlin FJ, Coetzee GJR, Komala N, Maata M, bt Mohamad M, Nguyo J, Mutai C, Ogino SY, Da Silva FR, Leme NMP, Posny F, Scheele R, Selkirk HB, Shiotani M, Stübi R, Levrat G, Calpini B, Thouret V, Tsuruta H, Canossa JV, Vömel H, Yonemura S, Diaz JA, Tan Thanh NT, Thuy Ha HT. Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes (SHADOZ) ozone climatology (2005-2009): Tropospheric and tropical tropopause layer (TTL) profiles with comparisons to OMI-based ozone products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Murray LT, Jacob DJ, Logan JA, Hudman RC, Koshak WJ. Optimized regional and interannual variability of lightning in a global chemical transport model constrained by LIS/OTD satellite data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012jd017934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cooper M, Martin RV, Sauvage B, Boone CD, Walker KA, Bernath PF, McLinden CA, Degenstein DA, Volz-Thomas A, Wespes C. Evaluation of ACE-FTS and OSIRIS Satellite retrievals of ozone and nitric acid in the tropical upper troposphere: Application to ozone production efficiency. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd015056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Doughty DC, Thompson AM, Schoeberl MR, Stajner I, Wargan K, Hui WCJ. An intercomparison of tropospheric ozone retrievals derived from two Aura instruments and measurements in western North America in 2006. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wargan K, Pawson S, Stajner I, Thouret V. Spatial structure of assimilated ozone in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd013941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Wargan
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
- Science Applications International Corporation; Beltsville Maryland USA
| | - Steven Pawson
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | | | - Valérie Thouret
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie, UPS; Université de Toulouse; Toulouse France
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie; CNRS; Toulouse France
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Tarasick DW, Jin JJ, Fioletov VE, Liu G, Thompson AM, Oltmans SJ, Liu J, Sioris CE, Liu X, Cooper OR, Dann T, Thouret V. High-resolution tropospheric ozone fields for INTEX and ARCTAS from IONS ozonesondes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Nassar R, Logan JA, Megretskaia IA, Murray LT, Zhang L, Jones DBA. Analysis of tropical tropospheric ozone, carbon monoxide, and water vapor during the 2006 El Niño using TES observations and the GEOS-Chem model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd011760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Worden J, Jones DBA, Liu J, Parrington M, Bowman K, Stajner I, Beer R, Jiang J, Thouret V, Kulawik S, Li JLF, Verma S, Worden H. Observed vertical distribution of tropospheric ozone during the Asian summertime monsoon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tangborn A, Stajner I, Buchwitz M, Khlystova I, Pawson S, Burrows J, Hudman R, Nedelec P. Assimilation of SCIAMACHY total column CO observations: Global and regional analysis of data impact. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Schoeberl MR, Douglass AR, Joiner J. Introduction to special section on Aura Validation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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