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Dunn WR, Weigt DM, Grodent D, Yao ZH, May D, Feigelman K, Sipos B, Fleming D, McEntee S, Bonfond B, Gladstone GR, Johnson RE, Jackman CM, Guo RL, Branduardi‐Raymont G, Wibisono AD, Kraft RP, Nichols JD, Ray LC. Jupiter's X-Ray and UV Dark Polar Region. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 2022; 49:e2021GL097390. [PMID: 35865009 PMCID: PMC9287093 DOI: 10.1029/2021gl097390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We present 14 simultaneous Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO)-Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of Jupiter's Northern X-ray and ultraviolet (UV) aurorae from 2016 to 2019. Despite the variety of dynamic UV and X-ray auroral structures, one region is conspicuous by its persistent absence of emission: the dark polar region (DPR). Previous HST observations have shown that very little UV emission is produced by the DPR. We find that the DPR also produces very few X-ray photons. For all 14 observations, the low level of X-ray emission from the DPR is consistent (within 2-standard deviations) with scattered solar emission and/or photons spread by Chandra's Point Spread Function from known X-ray-bright regions. We therefore conclude that for these 14 observations the DPR produced no statistically significant detectable X-ray signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. R. Dunn
- Mullard Space Science LaboratoryUniversity College LondonDorkingUK
- The Centre for Planetary Science at UCL/BirkbeckLondonUK
| | - D. M. Weigt
- School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- School of PhysicsTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - D. Grodent
- Laboratoire de Physique Atmosphérique et PlanétaireSTAR InstituteUniversité de LiègeLiègeBelgium
| | - Z. H. Yao
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary PhysicsInstitute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Earth and Planetary SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - D. May
- Department of ScienceSt. Gilgen International SchoolSt. GilgenAustria
| | - K. Feigelman
- Department of ScienceSt. Gilgen International SchoolSt. GilgenAustria
| | - B. Sipos
- Department of ScienceSt. Gilgen International SchoolSt. GilgenAustria
| | - D. Fleming
- Department of ScienceSt. Gilgen International SchoolSt. GilgenAustria
| | - S. McEntee
- School of PhysicsTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
- School of Cosmic PhysicsDIAS Dunsink ObservatoryDublin Institute for Advanced StudiesDublinIreland
| | - B. Bonfond
- Laboratoire de Physique Atmosphérique et PlanétaireSTAR InstituteUniversité de LiègeLiègeBelgium
| | - G. R. Gladstone
- Division of Space Science and EngineeringSouthwest Research InstituteSan AntonioTXUSA
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of Texas at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - R. E. Johnson
- Department of PhysicsAberystwyth UniversityCeredigionUK
| | - C. M. Jackman
- School of Cosmic PhysicsDIAS Dunsink ObservatoryDublin Institute for Advanced StudiesDublinIreland
| | - R. L. Guo
- Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar‐Terrestrial EnvironmentSchool of Space Science and PhysicsInstitute of Space SciencesShandong UniversityWeihaiChina
| | - G. Branduardi‐Raymont
- Mullard Space Science LaboratoryUniversity College LondonDorkingUK
- The Centre for Planetary Science at UCL/BirkbeckLondonUK
| | - A. D. Wibisono
- Mullard Space Science LaboratoryUniversity College LondonDorkingUK
- The Centre for Planetary Science at UCL/BirkbeckLondonUK
| | - R. P. Kraft
- Harvard‐Smithsonian Center for AstrophysicsSmithsonian Astrophysical ObservatoryCambridgeMAUSA
| | - J. D. Nichols
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
| | - L. C. Ray
- Department of PhysicsLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
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2
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Mura A, Adriani A, Connerney JEP, Bolton S, Altieri F, Bagenal F, Bonfond B, Dinelli BM, Gérard JC, Greathouse T, Grodent D, Levin S, Mauk B, Moriconi ML, Saur J, Waite JH, Amoroso M, Cicchetti A, Fabiano F, Filacchione G, Grassi D, Migliorini A, Noschese R, Olivieri A, Piccioni G, Plainaki C, Sindoni G, Sordini R, Tosi F, Turrini D. Juno observations of spot structures and a split tail in Io-induced aurorae on Jupiter. Science 2018; 361:774-777. [PMID: 29976795 DOI: 10.1126/science.aat1450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Jupiter's aurorae are produced in its upper atmosphere when incoming high-energy electrons precipitate along the planet's magnetic field lines. A northern and a southern main auroral oval are visible, surrounded by small emission features associated with the Galilean moons. We present infrared observations, obtained with the Juno spacecraft, showing that in the case of Io, this emission exhibits a swirling pattern that is similar in appearance to a von Kármán vortex street. Well downstream of the main auroral spots, the extended tail is split in two. Both of Ganymede's footprints also appear as a pair of emission features, which may provide a remote measure of Ganymede's magnetosphere. These features suggest that the magnetohydrodynamic interaction between Jupiter and its moon is more complex than previously anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mura
- Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology, National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy.
| | - A Adriani
- Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology, National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy
| | - J E P Connerney
- Space Research Corporation, Annapolis, MD, USA.,NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - S Bolton
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - F Altieri
- Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology, National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy
| | - F Bagenal
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - B Bonfond
- Space Science, Technologies and Astrophysical Research Institute, Laboratory for Planetary and Atmospheric Physics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - B M Dinelli
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, Italy
| | - J-C Gérard
- Space Science, Technologies and Astrophysical Research Institute, Laboratory for Planetary and Atmospheric Physics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - T Greathouse
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - D Grodent
- Space Science, Technologies and Astrophysical Research Institute, Laboratory for Planetary and Atmospheric Physics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - S Levin
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - B Mauk
- Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - M L Moriconi
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, Italy
| | - J Saur
- Institut für Geophysik und Meteorologie, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - J H Waite
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - M Amoroso
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Rome, Italy
| | - A Cicchetti
- Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology, National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy
| | - F Fabiano
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, Italy
| | - G Filacchione
- Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology, National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy
| | - D Grassi
- Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology, National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy
| | - A Migliorini
- Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology, National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy
| | - R Noschese
- Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology, National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy
| | | | - G Piccioni
- Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology, National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy
| | - C Plainaki
- Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology, National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy.,Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Rome, Italy
| | - G Sindoni
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Rome, Italy
| | - R Sordini
- Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology, National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy
| | - F Tosi
- Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology, National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy
| | - D Turrini
- Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology, National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy
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Grodent D, Bonfond B, Radioti A, Gérard JC, Jia X, Nichols JD, Clarke JT. Auroral footprint of Ganymede. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2009ja014289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Grodent
- Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique, Laboratory for Planetary and Atmospheric Physics; Université de Liège; Liège Belgium
| | - Bertrand Bonfond
- Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique, Laboratory for Planetary and Atmospheric Physics; Université de Liège; Liège Belgium
| | - Aikaterini Radioti
- Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique, Laboratory for Planetary and Atmospheric Physics; Université de Liège; Liège Belgium
| | - Jean-Claude Gérard
- Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique, Laboratory for Planetary and Atmospheric Physics; Université de Liège; Liège Belgium
| | - Xianzhe Jia
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics; University of California; Los Angeles California USA
| | | | - John T. Clarke
- Center for Space Physics; Boston University; Boston Massachusetts USA
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