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Tarasick DW, Carey-Smith TK, Hocking WK, Moeini O, He H, Liu J, Osman M, Thompson AM, Johnson B, Oltmans SJ, Merrill JT. Quantifying stratosphere-troposphere transport of ozone using balloon-borne ozonesondes, radar windprofilers and trajectory models. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT (OXFORD, ENGLAND : 1994) 2019; 198:496-509. [PMID: 32457561 PMCID: PMC7250237 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In a series of 10-day campaigns in Ontario and Quebec, Canada, between 2005 and 2007, ozonesondes were launched twice daily in conjunction with continuous high-resolution wind-profiling radar measurements. Windprofilers can measure rapid changes in the height of the tropopause, and in some cases follow stratospheric intrusions. Observed stratospheric intrusions were studied with the aid of a Lagrangian particle dispersion model and the Canadian operational weather forecast system. Definite stratosphere-troposphere transport (STT) events occurred approximately every 2-3 days during the spring and summer campaigns, whereas during autumn and winter, the frequency was reduced to every 4-5 days. Although most events reached the lower troposphere, only three events appear to have significantly contributed to ozone amounts in the surface boundary layer. Detailed calculations find that STT, while highly variable, is responsible for an average, over the seven campaigns, of 3.1% of boundary layer ozone (1.2 ppb), but 13% (5.4 ppb) in the lower troposphere and 34% (22 ppb) in the middle and upper troposphere, where these layers are defined as 0-1 km, 1-3 km, and 3-8 km respectively. Estimates based on counting laminae in ozonesonde profiles, with judicious choices of ozone and relative humidity thresholds, compare moderately well, on average, with these values. The lamina detection algorithm is then applied to a large dataset from four summer ozonesonde campaigns at 18 North American sites between 2006 and 2011. The results show some site-to-site and year-to-year variability, but stratospheric ozone contributions average 4.6% (boundary layer), 15% (lower troposphere) and 26% (middle/upper troposphere). Calculations were also performed based on the TOST global 3D trajectory-mapped ozone data product. Maps of STT in the same three layers of the troposphere suggest that the STT ozone flux is greater over the North American continent than Europe, and much greater in winter and spring than in summer or fall. When averaged over all seasons, magnitudes over North America show similar ratios between levels to the previous calculations, but are overall 3-4 times smaller. This may be because of limitations (trajectory length and vertical resolution) to the current TOST-based calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Tarasick
- Air Quality Research Division, Environment Canada, Downsview, ON, Canada M3H 5T4
| | - T K Carey-Smith
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd., Private Bag 14901, Kilbirnie, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - W K Hocking
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 3K7
| | - O Moeini
- Air Quality Research Division, Environment Canada, Downsview, ON, Canada M3H 5T4
| | - H He
- Air Quality Research Division, Environment Canada, Downsview, ON, Canada M3H 5T4
| | - J Liu
- Department of Geography and Planning, University of Toronto, Canada, and School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - M Osman
- Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies, The University of Oklahoma, and NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory, Norman, OK, USA
| | - A M Thompson
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - B Johnson
- Global Monitoring Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - S J Oltmans
- Global Monitoring Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - J T Merrill
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, RI, USA
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Ancellet G, Daskalakis N, Raut JC, Quennehen B, Ravetta F, Hair J, Tarasick D, Schlager H, Weinheimer AJ, Thompson AM, Oltmans S, Thomas JL, Law KS. Analysis of the latitudinal variability of tropospheric ozone in the Arctic using the large number of aircraft and ozonesonde observations in early summer 2008. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2016; Volume 16:13341-13358. [PMID: 31708977 PMCID: PMC6839714 DOI: 10.5194/acp-16-13341-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the paper are to: (1) present tropospheric ozone (O3) climatologies in summer 2008 based on a large amount of measurements, during the International Polar Year when the Polar Study using Aircraft, Remote Sensing, Surface Measurements, and Models of Climate Chemistry, Aerosols, and Transport (POLARCAT) campaigns were conducted (2) investigate the processes that determine O3 concentrations in two different regions (Canada and Greenland) that were thoroughly studied using measurements from 3 aircraft and 7 ozonesonde stations. This paper provides an integrated analysis of these observations and the discussion of the latitudinal and vertical variability of tropospheric ozone north of 55°N during this period is performed using a regional model (WFR-Chem). Ozone, CO and potential vorticity (PV) distributions are extracted from the simulation at the measurement locations. The model is able to reproduce the O3 latitudinal and vertical variability but a negative O3 bias of 6-15 ppbv is found in the free troposphere over 4 km, especially over Canada. Ozone average concentrations are of the order of 65 ppbv at altitudes above 4 km both over Canada and Greenland, while they are less than 50 ppbv in the lower troposphere. The relative influence of stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE) and of ozone production related to the local biomass burning (BB) emissions is discussed using differences between average values of O3, CO and PV for Southern and Northern Canada or Greenland and two vertical ranges in the troposphere: 0-4 km and 4-8 km. For Canada, the model CO distribution and the weak correlation (< 30%) of O3 and PV suggests that stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE) is not the major contribution to average tropospheric ozone at latitudes less than 70°N, due to the fact that local biomass burning (BB) emissions were significant during the 2008 summer period. Conversely over Greenland, significant STE is found according to the better O3 versus PV correlation (> 40%) and the higher 75th PV percentile. A weak negative latitudinal summer ozone gradient -6 to -8 ppbv is found over Canada in the mid troposphere between 4 and 8 km. This is attributed to an efficient O3 photochemical production due to the BB emissions at latitudes less than 65°N, while STE contribution is more homogeneous in the latitude range 55°N to 70°N. A positive ozone latitudinal gradient of 12 ppbv is observed in the same altitude range over Greenland not because of an increasing latitudinal influence of STE, but because of different long range transport from multiple mid-latitude sources (North America, Europe and even Asia for latitudes higher than 77°N).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Ancellet
- LATMOS/IPSL, UPMC Univ. Paris 06 Sorbonne Universités, UVSQ, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Nikos Daskalakis
- LATMOS/IPSL, UPMC Univ. Paris 06 Sorbonne Universités, UVSQ, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Jean Christophe Raut
- LATMOS/IPSL, UPMC Univ. Paris 06 Sorbonne Universités, UVSQ, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Boris Quennehen
- LATMOS/IPSL, UPMC Univ. Paris 06 Sorbonne Universités, UVSQ, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - François Ravetta
- LATMOS/IPSL, UPMC Univ. Paris 06 Sorbonne Universités, UVSQ, CNRS, Paris, France
| | | | - David Tarasick
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Downsview, ON, Canada
| | - Hans Schlager
- Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, DLR, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
| | | | | | - Sam Oltmans
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Jennie L. Thomas
- LATMOS/IPSL, UPMC Univ. Paris 06 Sorbonne Universités, UVSQ, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Katharine S. Law
- LATMOS/IPSL, UPMC Univ. Paris 06 Sorbonne Universités, UVSQ, CNRS, Paris, France
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Cooper OR, Oltmans SJ, Johnson BJ, Brioude J, Angevine W, Trainer M, Parrish DD, Ryerson TR, Pollack I, Cullis PD, Ives MA, Tarasick DW, Al-Saadi J, Stajner I. Measurement of western U.S. baseline ozone from the surface to the tropopause and assessment of downwind impact regions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. R. Cooper
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder Colorado USA
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - S. J. Oltmans
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder Colorado USA
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - B. J. Johnson
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. Brioude
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder Colorado USA
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - W. Angevine
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder Colorado USA
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - M. Trainer
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - D. D. Parrish
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - T. R. Ryerson
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - I. Pollack
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder Colorado USA
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - P. D. Cullis
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - M. A. Ives
- Trinidad Head Observatory, ESRL; NOAA; Trinidad Head California USA
| | - D. W. Tarasick
- Experimental Studies Research Division, MSC; Environment Canada; Downsview, Ontario Canada
| | - J. Al-Saadi
- Tropospheric Chemistry Program, Earth Science Division, Science Mission Directorate; NASA; Washington D. C. USA
| | - I. Stajner
- Noblis; Falls Church Virginia USA
- Office of Science and Technology, National Weather Service; NOAA; Silver Spring Maryland USA
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