1
|
Dahari N, Muda K, Latif MT, Dominick D, Hussein N, Khan MF. Seasonal variations of particle number concentration and its relationship with PM 2.5 mass concentration in industrial-residential airshed. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:3377-3393. [PMID: 34596792 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01099-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The smaller particles that dominate the particle number concentration (PNC) in the ambient air only contribute to a small percentage of particulate matter (PM) mass concentration although present in high particle number concentration. These small particles may be neglected upon assessing the health impacts of the PM. Hence, the knowledge on the particle number concentration size distribution deserves greater attention than the particulate mass concentration. This study investigates the measurement of the particle mass concentrations (PM2.5) and PNC of 0.27 μm < Dp < 4.50 μm during the southwest (SW), inter-monsoon (IM) and northeast (NE) monsoons in the industrial-residential airshed of Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia. The PM2.5 mass concentrations and PNC were measured using a multi-channel GRIMM Environmental Dust Monitor (GRIMM EDM-SVC 365) equipped with a global positioning system. Diurnal variations, statistical analysis and regression plots were utilised from a six-month hourly data set to examine the patterns of the PNC size distributions and its relationships with the PM2.5 mass concentration. The overall mean PM2.5 mass concentration was 21.85 μg m-3, with the 24 h mean values of 26.80 μg m-3, 26.08 μg m-3 and 13.76 μg m-3 for the SW, IM and NE monsoons, respectively. It was found that the hourly mean of PNC was recorded at the highest concentration during the SW monsoon (373.20 # cm-3). The particles in the accumulation mode (Dp < 1.0 μm) were the prevalent form of the particle number concentration (94-98%). The scatter plots between the PM2.5 mass concentration and particle number size distribution showed that the PNC mode of 0.27 < Dp < 1.0 μm has the highest correlation value of r2 = 0.87 due to the emission from the anthropogenic activities. The results of this study highlight the importance of the PNC measurement in the seasonal variations of the PM2.5 pollution, indicating the significance of the regional-scale emission control actions in the local air quality management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadhira Dahari
- Water and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Khalida Muda
- Water and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Talib Latif
- School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Doreena Dominick
- Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Norelyza Hussein
- Water and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Md Firoz Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen X, Wang Z, Li J, Chen H, Hu M, Yang W, Wang Z, Ge B, Wang D. Explaining the spatiotemporal variation of fine particle number concentrations over Beijing and surrounding areas in an air quality model with aerosol microphysics. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 231:1302-1313. [PMID: 28916281 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a three-dimensional air quality model with detailed aerosol microphysics (NAQPMS + APM) was applied to simulate the fine particle number size distribution and to explain the spatiotemporal variation of fine particle number concentrations in different size ranges over Beijing and surrounding areas in the haze season (Jan 15 to Feb 13 in 2006). Comparison between observations and the simulation indicates that the model is able to reproduce the main features of the particle number size distribution. The high number concentration of total particles, up to 26600 cm-3 in observations and 39800 cm-3 in the simulation, indicates the severity of pollution in Beijing. We find that primary particles with secondary species coating and secondary particles together control the particle number size distribution. Secondary particles dominate particle number concentration in the nucleation mode. Primary and secondary particles together determine the temporal evolution and spatial pattern of particle number concentration in the Aitken mode. Primary particles dominate particle number concentration in the accumulation mode. Over Beijing and surrounding areas, secondary particles contribute at least 80% of particle number concentration in the nucleation mode but only 10-20% in the accumulation mode. Nucleation mode particles and accumulation mode particles are anti-phased with each other. Nucleation or primary emissions alone could not explain the formation of the particle number size distribution in Beijing. Nucleation has larger effects on ultrafine particles while primary particles emissions are efficient in producing large particles in the accumulation mode. Reduction in primary particle emissions does not always lead to a decrease in the number concentration of ultrafine particles. Measures to reduce fine particle pollution in terms of particle number concentration may be different from those addressing particle mass concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueshun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Zifa Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huansheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Min Hu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenyi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Baozhu Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhan F, Zhang H, Wang J, Xu J, Yuan H, Gao Y, Su F, Chen J. Release and Gas-Particle Partitioning Behaviors of Short-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins (SCCPs) During the Thermal Treatment of Polyvinyl Chloride Flooring. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:9005-9012. [PMID: 28696102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b01965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated paraffin (CP) mixture is a common additive in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products as a plasticizer and flame retardant. During the PVC plastic life cycle, intentional or incidental thermal processes inevitably cause an abrupt release of short-chain CPs (SCCPs). In this study, the thermal processing of PVC plastics was simulated by heating PVC flooring at 100-200 °C in a chamber. The 1 h thermal treatment caused the release of 1.9-10.7% of the embedded SCCPs. A developed emission model indicated that SCCP release was mainly controlled by material-gas partitioning at 100 °C. However, release control tended to be subjected to material-phase diffusion above 150 °C, especially for SCCP congeners with shorter carbon-chain lengths. A cascade impactor (NanoMoudi) was used to collect particles of different sizes and gas-phase SCCPs. The elevated temperature resulted in a higher partition of SCCPs from the gas-phase to particle-phase. SCCPs were not strongly inclined to form aerosol particles by nucleation, and less present in the Aitken mode particles. Junge-Pankow adsorption model well fitted the partitioning of SCCPs between the gas-phase and accumulation mode particles. Inhalation exposure estimation indicated that PVC processing and recycling workers could face a considerably high risk for exposure to SCCPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faqiang Zhan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich , Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Empa , Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Jiazhi Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Heping Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Fan Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jiping Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian, 116023, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang S, Yu S, Yan R, Zhang Q, Li P, Wang L, Liu W, Zheng X. Characteristics and origins of air pollutants in Wuhan, China, based on observations and hybrid receptor models. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2017; 67:739-753. [PMID: 27686014 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2016.1240724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED To identify the characteristics of air pollutants and factors attributing to the formation of haze in Wuhan, this study analyzed the hourly observations of air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, O3, and CO) from March 1, 2013, to February 28, 2014, and used hybrid receptor models for a case study. The results showed that the annual average concentrations for PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, O3, and CO during the whole period were 89.6 μg m-3, 134.9 μg m-3, 54.9 μg m-3, 32.4 μg m-3, 62.3 μg m-3, and 1.1 mg m-3, respectively. The monthly variations revealed that the peak values of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, and CO occurred in December because of increased local emissions and severe weather conditions, while the lowest values occurred in July mainly due to larger precipitation. The maximum O3 concentrations occurred in warm seasons from May to August, which may be partly due to the high temperature and solar radiation. Diurnal analysis showed that hourly PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and CO concentrations had two ascending stages accompanying by the two traffic peaks. However, the O3 concentration variations were different with the highest concentration in the afternoon. A case study utilizing hybrid receptor models showed the significant impact of regional transport on the haze formation in Wuhan and revealed that the mainly potential polluted sources were located in the north and south of Wuhan, such as Baoding and Handan in Hebei province, and Changsha in Hunan province. IMPLICATIONS Wuhan city requires a 5% reduction of the annual mean of PM2.5 concentration by the end of 2017. In order to accomplish this goal, Wuhan has adopted some measures to improve its air quality. This work has determined the main pollution sources that affect the formation of haze in Wuhan by transport. We showed that apart from the local emissions, north and south of Wuhan were the potential sources contributing to the high PM2.5 concentrations in Wuhan, such as Baoding and Handan in Hebei province, Zhumadian and Jiaozuo in Henan province, and Changsha and Zhuzhou in Hunan province.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si Wang
- a Research Center for Air Pollution and Health , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , People's Republic of China
- b Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , People's Republic of China
| | - Shaocai Yu
- a Research Center for Air Pollution and Health , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , People's Republic of China
- b Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , People's Republic of China
| | - Renchang Yan
- a Research Center for Air Pollution and Health , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , People's Republic of China
- b Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyu Zhang
- a Research Center for Air Pollution and Health , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , People's Republic of China
- b Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Li
- a Research Center for Air Pollution and Health , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , People's Republic of China
- b Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , People's Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Wang
- a Research Center for Air Pollution and Health , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , People's Republic of China
- b Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , People's Republic of China
| | - Weiping Liu
- a Research Center for Air Pollution and Health , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , People's Republic of China
- b Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , People's Republic of China
| | - Xianjue Zheng
- c Hangzhou Environmental Monitoring Center , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang R, Wang G, Guo S, Zamora ML, Ying Q, Lin Y, Wang W, Hu M, Wang Y. Formation of urban fine particulate matter. Chem Rev 2015; 115:3803-55. [PMID: 25942499 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 472] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Renyi Zhang
- §State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Song Guo
- §State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | - Min Hu
- §State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Wang
- #Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Donahue NM, Robinson AL, Trump ER, Riipinen I, Kroll JH. Volatility and Aging of Atmospheric Organic Aerosol. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2012; 339:97-143. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2012_355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
|
7
|
Matsui H, Koike M, Kondo Y, Takegawa N, Wiedensohler A, Fast JD, Zaveri RA. Impact of new particle formation on the concentrations of aerosols and cloud condensation nuclei around Beijing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|