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Wu SP, Schwab J, Yang BY, Yuan CS. Effect of phenolic compounds on photodegradation of anthracene and benzo[a]anthracene in media of different polarity. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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2
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George C, Ammann M, D’Anna B, Donaldson DJ, Nizkorodov S. Heterogeneous photochemistry in the atmosphere. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4218-58. [PMID: 25775235 PMCID: PMC4772778 DOI: 10.1021/cr500648z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian George
- Université
de Lyon 1, Lyon F-69626, France
- CNRS, UMR5256,
IRCELYON, Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et
l’Environnement de Lyon, Villeurbanne F-69626, France
| | - Markus Ammann
- Laboratory
of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Barbara D’Anna
- Université
de Lyon 1, Lyon F-69626, France
- CNRS, UMR5256,
IRCELYON, Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et
l’Environnement de Lyon, Villeurbanne F-69626, France
| | - D. J. Donaldson
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Sergey
A. Nizkorodov
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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3
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Lammel G. Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds in the Atmosphere – A Review Identifying Research Needs. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2014.931870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Lammel
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
- Masaryk University, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Brno, Czech Republic
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4
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Abstract
This work explores the effect of the environment on the rate of photolysis of 2,4-dinitrophenol (24-DNP), an important environmental toxin. In stark contrast to the slow photolysis of 24-DNP in an aqueous solution, the photolysis rate is increased by more than an order of magnitude for 24-DNP dissolved in 1-octanol or embedded in secondary organic material (SOM) produced by ozonolysis of α-pinene. Lowering the temperature decreased the photolysis rate of 24-DNP in SOM much more significantly than that of 24-DNP in octanol, with effective activation energies of 53 kJ/mol and 12 kJ/mol, respectively. We discuss the possibility that the increasing viscosity of the SOM matrix constrains the molecular motion, thereby suppressing the hydrogen atom transfer reaction to the photo-excited 24-DNP. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of a significant effect of the matrix, and possibly viscosity, on the rate of an atmospheric photochemical reaction within SOM. It suggests that rates of photochemical processes in organic aerosols will depend on both relative humidity and temperature and thus altitude. The results further suggest that photochemistry in SOM may play a key role in transformations of atmospheric organics. For example, 24-DNP and other nitro-aromatic compounds should readily photodegrade in organic particulate matter, which has important consequences for predicting their environmental fates and impacts.
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Keyte IJ, Harrison RM, Lammel G. Chemical reactivity and long-range transport potential of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons – a review. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:9333-91. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60147a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 436] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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6
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Vaida V. Spectroscopy of Photoreactive Systems: Implications for Atmospheric Chemistry. J Phys Chem A 2008; 113:5-18. [DOI: 10.1021/jp806365r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Vaida
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309
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Arce R, Pino EF, Valle C, Ágreda J. Photophysics and Photochemistry of 1-Nitropyrene. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:10294-304. [DOI: 10.1021/jp803051x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Arce
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931-3346
| | - Eduardo F. Pino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931-3346
| | - Carlos Valle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931-3346
| | - Jésus Ágreda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931-3346
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Mang SA, Henricksen DK, Bateman AP, Andersen MPS, Blake DR, Nizkorodov SA. Contribution of Carbonyl Photochemistry to Aging of Atmospheric Secondary Organic Aerosol. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:8337-44. [DOI: 10.1021/jp804376c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A. Mang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Dana K. Henricksen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Adam P. Bateman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | | | - Donald R. Blake
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
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Keene WC, Maring H, Maben JR, Kieber DJ, Pszenny AAP, Dahl EE, Izaguirre MA, Davis AJ, Long MS, Zhou X, Smoydzin L, Sander R. Chemical and physical characteristics of nascent aerosols produced by bursting bubbles at a model air-sea interface. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Jouraeva VA, Johnson DL, Hassett JP, Nowak DJ, Shipunova NA, Barbarossa D. Role of sooty mold fungi in accumulation of fine-particle-associated PAHs and metals on deciduous leaves. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2006; 102:272-82. [PMID: 16890933 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2006.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2005] [Revised: 06/12/2006] [Accepted: 06/20/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The focus of this research was on elucidation of the role of deciduous tree ecosystems in accumulation of fine-particle-associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals on leaves of deciduous trees. The studied species were Tilia x euchlora (frequently infested by sooty mold fungi) and Pyrus calleryana (unaffected by sooty mold fungi). The selected species have similar leaf morphology and were exposed to identical environmental conditions. Intra-species comparison showed that moldy linden leaves accumulate significantly higher amounts of PAHs and metals than unaffected linden leaves. Inter-species comparison revealed that in the absence of sooty mold fungi, physico-chemical properties of epicuticular waxes, rather than the amounts of waxes, might play an important role in accumulation of particulate matter on leaves. The accumulation and/or degradation of a number of high-molecular-weight (HMW) PAHs on leaves was temperature dependent. The results show that the presence of sooty mold fungi on deciduous leaves alters either the accumulation modes and/or degradation pathways of PAHs on deciduous leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venera A Jouraeva
- Department of Physical Sciences, Kutztown University, 316 Boehm Science Center, Kutztown, PA 19530, USA.
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Garivait H, Polprasert C, Yoshizumi K, Reutergardh LB. Airborne Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) in Bangkok Urban Air: Part II. Level and Distribution. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10406630108033065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Garivait
- a Environmental Research and Training Center , Technopolis, Klong Luang, Pathumthani , 12120 , Thailand
| | - C. Polprasert
- b Environmental Engineering Division , Asian Institute of Technology , P.O. Box 4, Klong Luang, Pathumthani , 12120 , Thailand
| | - K. Yoshizumi
- c Kyoritsu Women's University , 2-2-1 Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo , 101 , Japan
| | - L. Baetz Reutergardh
- d River Basin Environment Research Center , Gifu University , 1-1, Yanagido , Japan
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Mikhailov EF, Vlasenko SS, Podgorny IA, Ramanathan V, Corrigan CE. Optical properties of soot–water drop agglomerates: An experimental study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sexton KG, Jeffries HE, Jang M, Kamens RM, Doyle M, Voicu I, Jaspers I. Photochemical products in urban mixtures enhance inflammatory responses in lung cells. Inhal Toxicol 2004; 16 Suppl 1:107-14. [PMID: 15204799 DOI: 10.1080/08958370490443196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Complex urban air mixtures that realistically mimic urban smog can be generated for investigating adverse health effects. "Smog chambers" have been used for over 30 yr to conduct experiments for developing and testing photochemical models that predict ambient ozone (O(3)) concentrations and aerosol chemistry. These chambers were used to generate photochemical and nonirradiated systems, which were interfaced with an in vitro exposure system to compare the inflammatory effects of complex air pollutant mixtures with and without sunlight-driven chemistry. These are preliminary experiments in a new project to study the health effects of particulate matter and associated gaseous copollutants. Briefly, two matched outdoor chambers capable of using real sunlight were utilized to generate two test atmospheres for simultaneous exposures to cultured lung cells. One chamber was used to produce a photochemically active system, which ran from sunrise to sunset, producing O(3) and the associated secondary products. A few hours after sunset, NO was added to titrate and remove completely the O(3), forming NO(2). In the second chamber, an equal amount of NO(2) and the same amount of the 55-component hydrocarbon mixture used to setup the photochemical system in the first side were injected. A549 cells, from an alveolar type II-like cell line grown on membranous support, were exposed to the photochemical mixture or the "original" NO(2)/hydrocarbon mixture for 5 h and analyzed for inflammatory response (IL-8 mRNA levels) 4 h postexposure. In addition, a variation of this experiment was conducted to compare the photochemical system producing O(3) and NO(2), with a simple mixture of only the O(3) and NO(2). Our data suggest that the photochemically altered mixtures that produced secondary products induced about two- to threefold more IL-8 mRNA than the mixture of NO(2) and hydrocarbons or O(3). These results indicate that secondary products generated through the photochemical reactions of NO(x) and hydrocarbons may significantly contribute to the inflammatory responses induced by exposure to urban smog. From previous experience with relevant experiments, we know that many of these gaseous organic products would contribute to the formation of significant secondary organic particle mass in the presence of seed particles (including road dust or combustion products). In the absence of such particles, these gaseous products remained mostly as gases. These experiments show that photochemically produced gaseous products do influence the toxic responses of the cells in the absence of particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth G Sexton
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599, USA.
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Turekian VC. Concentrations, isotopic compositions, and sources of size-resolved, particulate organic carbon and oxalate in near-surface marine air at Bermuda during spring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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15
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Oman JK, Garrett SJ. Adsorption and Laser-Induced Thermal Desorption of 1,3-Butadiene on HOPG(0001). J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp021196n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason K. Oman
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322
| | - Simon J. Garrett
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322
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Trentmann J. Simulation of a biomass-burning plume: Comparison of model results with observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Matsuzawa S, Nasser-Ali L, Garrigues P. Photolytic behavior of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in diesel particulate matter deposited on the ground. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2001; 35:3139-3143. [PMID: 11505989 DOI: 10.1021/es001606q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the photolytic behavior of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in diesel particulate matter (DPM) deposited on the ground, we determined the rate constants and half-lives for the photodegradation of benzo[a]pyrene (BaPy), phenanthrene (Phe), fluoranthene (Flrt), pyrene (Py), and chrysene (Ch) in air for three probable cases: (1) DPM is placed on an inert surface, (2) DPM is mixed with soil, and (3) PAHs are leached from DPM and adsorbed to soil. We found that BaPy and Phe degraded relatively quickly in case 1. However, in case 2, these PAHs degraded more slowly due to the effect of the presence of soil. Flrt, Py, and Ch were stable. In case 3, photodegradation of adsorbed PAHs in soil was strongly inhibited as a function of soil depth. Although these findings were obtained at extreme light intensities, they may occur under real world conditions. Conversion factors for obtaining rate constants and half-lives for PAHs on the ground under sunlight are presented. We conclude that under the average intensity of sunlight in Tokyo, photodegradation of PAHs in DPM deposited on an inert surface is very slow.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Matsuzawa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Zhang J, Christopher SA, Holben BN. Intercomparison of smoke aerosol optical thickness derived from GOES 8 imager and ground-based Sun photometers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Feilberg A, Nielsen T. Photodegradation of nitro-PAHs in viscous organic media used as models of organic aerosols. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2001; 35:108-113. [PMID: 11351991 DOI: 10.1021/es990834l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Many types of organic aerosol material have been found to behave as viscous liquids. In the current work, photodegradation of selected nitrated polycyclic aromatic compounds, 1-nitropyrene and 3-nitrofluoranthene, in viscous organic phases used as model systems for organic aerosols has been investigated. Experiments have been conducted in the presence and absence of anthraquinone, an atmospherically relevant photochemical radical sensitizer. The photodegradation of nitro-PAH is strongly accelerated by the presence of anthraquinone, and a viscous medium does not inhibit the photoinduced decay of nitro-PAH. In fact, the effect of anthraquinone is more pronounced in a viscous solvent containing tertiary hydrogen, DOP, compared to cyclohexane, a nonviscous solvent. This is related to a faster decay of anthraquinone in DOP and hence, presumably, a higher radical yield in DOP. The nitro-PAH degradation in DOP is faster at higher temperature; an observation primarily ascribed to faster diffusion at higher temperature giving rise to more efficient radical formation. In glycerine, a polar viscous solvent, significant formation of amino-PAH occurs due to photoreduction of the nitro-PAH. This is also the case in N2-purged guaiacol, a model substance for wood smoke organic material. Nitro-PAH photoreduction is enabled by the presence of hydrogen-atom donors and low levels of dissolved O2. A simple approach to estimate the O2 concentration in atmospheric organic aerosol material is presented. Low levels of O2 are predicted for wood smoke and secondary organic aerosol making amino-PAH formation in this aerosol material an interesting possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Feilberg
- Risø National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark.
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Satheesh SK, Ramanathan V, Li-Jones X, Lobert JM, Podgorny IA, Prospero JM, Holben BN, Loeb NG. A model for the natural and anthropogenic aerosols over the tropical Indian Ocean derived from Indian Ocean Experiment data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lary DJ, Shallcross DE, Toumi R. Carbonaceous aerosols and their potential role in atmospheric chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1998jd100091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Ross JL, Hobbs PV, Holben B. Radiative characteristics of regional hazes dominated by smoke from biomass burning in Brazil: Closure tests and direct radiative forcing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd03677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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