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Clapp CE, Anderson JG. Modeling the Effect of Potential Nitric Acid Removal During Convective Injection of Water Vapor Over the Central United States on the Chemical Composition of the Lower Stratosphere. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2019; 124:9743-9770. [PMID: 31763110 PMCID: PMC6853249 DOI: 10.1029/2018jd029703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tropopause-penetrating convection is a frequent seasonal feature of the Central United States climate. This convection presents the potential for consistent transport of water vapor into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) through the lofting of ice, which then sublimates. Water vapor enhancements associated with convective ice lofting have been observed in both in situ and satellite measurements. These water vapor enhancements can increase the probability of sulfate aerosol-catalyzed heterogeneous reactions that convert reservoir chlorine (HCl and ClONO2) to free radical chlorine (Cl and ClO) that leads to catalytic ozone loss. In addition to water vapor transport, lofted ice may also scavenge nitric acid and further impact the chlorine activation chemistry of the UTLS. We present a photochemical model that resolves the vertical chemical structure of the UTLS to explore the effect of water vapor enhancements and potential additional nitric acid removal. The model is used to define the response of stratospheric column ozone to the range of convective water vapor transported and the temperature variability of the lower stratosphere currently observed over the Central United States in conjunction with potential nitric acid removal and to scenarios of elevated sulfate aerosol surface area density representative of possible future volcanic eruptions or solar radiation management. We find that the effect of HNO3 removal is dependent on the magnitude of nitric acid removal and has the greatest potential to increase chlorine activation and ozone loss under UTLS conditions that weakly favor the chlorine activation heterogeneous reactions by reducing NOx sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. E. Clapp
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMAUSA
| | - J. G. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMAUSA
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMAUSA
- Department of Earth and Planetary SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMAUSA
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Strahan SE, Douglass AR, Steenrod SD. Chemical and Dynamical Impacts of Stratospheric Sudden Warmings on Arctic Ozone Variability. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2016; 121:11836-11851. [PMID: 29963345 PMCID: PMC6020033 DOI: 10.1002/2016jd025128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We use the Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) chemistry and transport model with Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) meteorological fields to quantify heterogeneous chemical ozone loss in Arctic winters 2005-2015. Comparisons to Aura Microwave Limb Sounder N2O and O3 observations show the GMI simulation credibly represents the transport processes and net heterogeneous chemical loss necessary to simulate Arctic ozone. We find that the maximum seasonal ozone depletion varies linearly with the number of cold days and with wave driving (eddy heat flux) calculated from MERRA fields. We use this relationship and MERRA temperatures to estimate seasonal ozone loss from 1993-2004 when inorganic chlorine levels were in the same range as during the Aura period. Using these loss estimates and the observed March mean 63-90°N column O3, we quantify the sensitivity of the ozone dynamical resupply to wave driving, separating it from the sensitivity of ozone depletion to wave driving. The results show that about 2/3 of the deviation of the observed March Arctic O3 from an assumed climatological mean is due to variations in O3 resupply and 1/3 is due to depletion. Winters with a stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) before mid-February have about 1/3 the depletion of winters without one and export less depletion to the midlatitudes. However, a larger effect on the spring midlatitude ozone comes from dynamical differences between warm and cold Arctic winters, which can mask or add to the impact of exported depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Strahan
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, Greenbelt, MD
| | - A R Douglass
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, Greenbelt, MD
| | - S D Steenrod
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, Greenbelt, MD
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Terao Y, Sugita T, Sasano Y. Ozone loss rates in the Arctic winter stratosphere during 1994-2000 derived from POAM II/III and ILAS observations: Implications for relationships among ozone loss, PSC occurrence, and temperature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Oman LD, Waugh DW, Kawa SR, Stolarski RS, Douglass AR, Newman PA. Mechanisms and feedback causing changes in upper stratospheric ozone in the 21st century. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cohen RC, Murphy JG. Photochemistry of NO2 in Earth's Stratosphere: Constraints from Observations. Chem Rev 2003; 103:4985-98. [PMID: 14664640 DOI: 10.1021/cr020647x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald C Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1460, USA
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Danilin MY, Ko MKW, Bevilacqua RM, Lyjak LV, Froidevaux L, Santee ML, Zawodny JM, Hoppel KW, Richard EC, Spackman JR, Weinstock EM, Herman RL, McKinney KA, Wennberg PO, Eisele FL, Stimpfle RM, Scott CJ, Elkins JW, Bui TV. Comparison of ER-2 aircraft and POAM III, MLS, and SAGE II satellite measurements during SOLVE using traditional correlative analysis and trajectory hunting technique. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Y. Danilin
- Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc.; Lexington Massachusetts USA
| | - M. K. W. Ko
- Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc.; Lexington Massachusetts USA
| | | | - L. V. Lyjak
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | - M. L. Santee
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Pasadena California USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - R. L. Herman
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Pasadena California USA
| | - K. A. McKinney
- California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - P. O. Wennberg
- California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - F. L. Eisele
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
- Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | | | - C. J. Scott
- Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc.; Lexington Massachusetts USA
| | | | - T. V. Bui
- NASA Ames Research Center; Moffett Field California USA
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Hanisco TF. Quantifying the rate of heterogeneous processing in the Arctic polar vortex with in situ observations of OH. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Douglass AR, Schoeberl MR, Kawa SR, Browell EV. A composite view of ozone evolution in the 1995-1996 northern winter polar vortex developed from airborne lidar and satellite observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Danilin MY, Santee ML, Rodriguez JM, Ko MKW, Mergenthaler JM, Kumer JB, Tabazadeh A, Livesey NJ. Trajectory hunting: A case study of rapid chlorine activation in December 1992 as seen by UARS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd901054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Strahan SE. Climatologies of lower stratospheric NOyand O3and correlations with N2O based on in situ observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kirk-Davidoff DB, Hintsa EJ, Anderson JG, Keith DW. The effect of climate change on ozone depletion through changes in stratospheric water vapour. Nature 1999. [DOI: 10.1038/46521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Michelsen HA, Webster CR, Manney GL, Scott DC, Margitan JJ, May RD, Irion FW, Gunson MR, Russell JM, Spivakovsky CM. Maintenance of high HCl/Clyand NOx/NOy, in the Antarctic vortex: A chemical signature of confinement during spring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Newman PA, Fahey DW, Brune WH, Kurylo MJ, Kawa SR. Preface [to special section on Photochemistry of Ozone Loss in the Arctic Region in Summer (POLARIS)]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Geiger FM, Tridico AC, Hicks JM. Second Harmonic Generation Studies of Ozone Depletion Reactions on Ice Surfaces under Stratospheric Conditions. J Phys Chem B 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp991559s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franz M. Geiger
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057
| | | | - Janice M. Hicks
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057
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Douglass AR, Kawa SR. Contrast between 1992 and 1997 high-latitude spring Halogen Occultation Experiment observations of lower stratospheric HCl. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Del Negro LA, Fahey DW, Donnelly SG, Gao RS, Keim ER, Wamsley RC, Woodbridge EL, Dye JE, Baumgardner D, Gandrud BW, Wilson JC, Jonsson HH, Loewenstein M, Podolske JR, Webster CR, May RD, Worsnop DR, Tabazadeh A, Tolbert MA, Kelly KK, Chan KR. Evaluating the role of NAT, NAD, and liquid H2SO4/H2O/HNO3solutions in Antarctic polar stratospheric cloud aerosol: Observations and implications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd00764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Jaeglé L, Webster CR, May RD, Scott DC, Stimpfle RM, Kohn DW, Wennberg PO, Hanisco TF, Cohen RC, Proffitt MH, Kelly KK, Elkins J, Baumgardner D, Dye JE, Wilson JC, Pueschel RF, Chan KR, Salawitch RJ, Tuck AF, Hovde SJ, Yung YL. Evolution and stoichiometry of heterogeneous processing in the Antarctic stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd00935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Clegg SL, Carslaw KS, Brimblecombe P. Comment on “Vapor pressures in the ternary system water-nitric acid-sulfuric acid at low temperature: A reexamination” by D.-E. Taleb, J.-L. Ponche, and P. Mirabel: Part 1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd00967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gao RS, Fahey DW, Salawitch RJ, Lloyd SA, Anderson DE, DeMajistre R, McElroy CT, Woodbridge EL, Wamsley RC, Donnelly SG, Del Negro LA, Proffitt MH, Stimpfle RM, Kohn DW, Kawa SR, Lait LR, Loewenstein M, Podolske JR, Keim ER, Dye JE, Wilson JC, Chan KR. Partitioning of the reactive nitrogen reservoir in the lower stratosphere of the southern hemisphere: Observations and modeling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd01967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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