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Verdes M, Paniagua M. Facet shapes and thermo-stabilities of H₂SO₄•HNO₃ hydrates involved in polar stratospheric clouds. J Mol Model 2015; 21:238. [PMID: 26287119 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-015-2782-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The nucleation, ice crystal shapes and thermodynamic stability of polar stratospheric clouds particles are interesting concerns owing to their implication in the ozone layer destruction. Some of these particles are formed by conformers of H2O, HNO3, and H2SO4. We carried out calculations using density functional theory (DFT) to obtain optimized structures. Several stable trimers are achieved -divided in two groups, one with HNO3 moiety, second with H2SO4 moiety- after pre-optimization at B3LYP/6-31G and subsequently optimization at B3LYP/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory. For both most stable conformers five H2O molecules are added to their optimized trimers to calculate hydrated geometries. The OH stretching harmonic frequencies are provided for all aggregates. The zero-point energy correction (ZEPC), relative electronic energies (∆E), relative reaction Gibbs free energies ∆(∆G)k-relative, and cooling constant (K cooling ) are reported at three temperatures: 188 K, 195 K, and 210 K. Shapes given in our calculations are compared with various experimental shapes as well as comparisons with their thermo-stabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Verdes
- Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, C-14, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049, Madrid, Spain,
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Hellebust S, O’Sullivan D, Sodeau JR. Protonated Nitrosamide and Its Potential Role in the Release of HONO from Snow and Ice in the Dark. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:11632-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp104327a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stig Hellebust
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Daniel O’Sullivan
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John R. Sodeau
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Adhikari L, Wang Z, Liu D. Microphysical properties of Antarctic polar stratospheric clouds and their dependence on tropospheric cloud systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Loerting T, Voegele AF, Tautermann CS, Liedl KR, Molina LT, Molina MJ. Modeling the heterogeneous reaction probability for chlorine nitrate hydrolysis on ice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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5
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Brooks SD. Polar stratospheric clouds during SOLVE/THESEO: Comparison of lidar observations with in situ measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Drdla K, Gandrud BW, Baumgardner D, Wilson JC, Bui TP, Hurst D, Schauffler SM, Jost H, Greenblatt JB, Webster CR. Evidence for the widespread presence of liquid-phase particles during the 1999-2000 Arctic winter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Drdla
- NASA Ames Research Center; Moffett Field California USA
| | - B. W. Gandrud
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - D. Baumgardner
- Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; Mexico City Mexico
| | | | - T. P. Bui
- NASA Ames Research Center; Moffett Field California USA
| | - D. Hurst
- NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | - H. Jost
- NASA Ames Research Center; Moffett Field California USA
- Bay Area Environmental Research Institute; Sonoma California USA
| | - J. B. Greenblatt
- NASA Ames Research Center; Moffett Field California USA
- Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences; Princeton University; Princeton New Jersey USA
| | - C. R. Webster
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Pasadena California USA
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Harnett J, Haq S, Hodgson A. Uptake and Reaction of ClONO2 on Water Ice and HCl Trihydrate at Low Temperatures. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp020756f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Harnett
- Surface Science Research Centre, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K
| | - S. Haq
- Surface Science Research Centre, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K
| | - A. Hodgson
- Surface Science Research Centre, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K
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Koike M. Redistribution of reactive nitrogen in the Arctic lower stratosphere in the 1999/2000 winter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Northway MJ. An analysis of large HNO3-containing particles sampled in the Arctic stratosphere during the winter of 1999/2000. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Hanisco TF. Quantifying the rate of heterogeneous processing in the Arctic polar vortex with in situ observations of OH. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Zondlo MA, Hudson PK, Prenni AJ, Tolbert MA. Chemistry and microphysics of polar stratospheric clouds and cirrus clouds. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2000; 51:473-99. [PMID: 11031290 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.physchem.51.1.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ice particles found within polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) and upper tropospheric cirrus clouds can dramatically impact the chemistry and climate of the Earth's atmosphere. The formation of PSCs and the subsequent chemical reactions that occur on their surfaces are key components of the massive ozone hole observed each spring over Antarctica. Cirrus clouds also provide surfaces for heterogeneous reactions and significantly modify the Earth's climate by changing the visible and infrared radiation fluxes. Although the role of ice particles in climate and chemistry is well recognized, the exact mechanisms of cloud formation are still unknown, and thus it is difficult to predict how anthropogenic activities will change cloud abundances in the future. This article focuses on the nucleation, chemistry, and microphysical properties of ice particles composing PSCs and cirrus clouds. A general overview of the current state of research is presented along with some unresolved issues facing scientists in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Zondlo
- Advanced Study Program and Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scot T. Martin
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Pierce Hall, Room 122, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
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Toon OB, Tabazadeh A, Browell EV, Jordan J. Analysis of lidar observations of Arctic polar stratospheric clouds during January 1989. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Cappa CD, Kuipers SE, Roberts JM, Gilbert AS, Elrod MJ. Product Identification and Kinetics of Reactions of HCl with HNO3/H2SO4/H2O Solutions. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp992666p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Deshler T, Nardi B, Adriani A, Cairo F, Hansen G, Fierli F, Hauchecorne A, Pulvirenti L. Determining the index of refraction of polar stratospheric clouds above Andoya (69°N) by combining size-resolved concentration and optical scattering measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Considine DB, Douglass AR, Connell PS, Kinnison DE, Rotman DA. A polar stratospheric cloud parameterization for the global modeling initiative three-dimensional model and its response to stratospheric aircraft. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Larsen N, Mikkelsen IS, Knudsen BM, Schreiner J, Voigt C, Mauersberger K, Rosen JM, Kjome NT. Comparison of chemical and optical in situ measurements of polar stratospheric cloud particles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Michelsen HA, Webster CR, Manney GL, Scott DC, Margitan JJ, May RD, Irion FW, Gunson MR, Russell JM, Spivakovsky CM. Maintenance of high HCl/Clyand NOx/NOy, in the Antarctic vortex: A chemical signature of confinement during spring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Dessler AE, Wu J, Santee ML, Schoeberl MR. Satellite observations of temporary and irreversible denitrification. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Steiner B, Berge B, Gausmann R, Rohmann J, Rühl E. Fast in situ sizing technique for single levitated liquid aerosols. APPLIED OPTICS 1999; 38:1523-1529. [PMID: 18305776 DOI: 10.1364/ao.38.001523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A fast in situ sizing technique for single levitated aerosol particles is presented. It makes use of the analysis of fast-Fourier-transformed vertically polarized Mie scattering patterns from single liquid aerosols levitated in a Paul-trap-type electrodynamic balance. The technique is shown to give reliable results for a test sphere of known physical properties. A first application to aqueous sodium chloride aerosol particles that changed size on humidity variation is presented, yielding good agreement with the full Mie theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Steiner
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 7, D-49069 Osnabrück, Germany
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Carslaw KS, Peter T, Bacmeister JT, Eckermann SD. Widespread solid particle formation by mountain waves in the Arctic stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1998jd100033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zondlo MA, Barone SB, Tolbert MA. Condensed-Phase Products in Heterogeneous Reactions: N2O5, ClONO2, and HNO3 Reacting on Ice Films at 185 K. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp980131a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Zondlo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | - Stephen B. Barone
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | - Margaret A. Tolbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309
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Santee ML, Tabazadeh A, Manney GL, Salawitch RJ, Froidevaux L, Read WG, Waters JW. UARS Microwave Limb Sounder HNO3observations: Implications for Antarctic polar stratospheric clouds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ricaud P, Monnier E, Goutail F, Pommereau JP, David C, Godin S, Froidevaux L, Waters JW, Mergenthaler J, Roche AE, Pumphrey H, Chipperfield MP. Stratosphere over Dumont d'Urville, Antarctica, in winter 1992. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Kärcher B. Heterogeneous chemistry in aircraft wakes: Constraints for uptake coefficients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd00913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Jaeglé L, Webster CR, May RD, Scott DC, Stimpfle RM, Kohn DW, Wennberg PO, Hanisco TF, Cohen RC, Proffitt MH, Kelly KK, Elkins J, Baumgardner D, Dye JE, Wilson JC, Pueschel RF, Chan KR, Salawitch RJ, Tuck AF, Hovde SJ, Yung YL. Evolution and stoichiometry of heterogeneous processing in the Antarctic stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd00935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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