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Huang X, Ding A, Gao J, Zheng B, Zhou D, Qi X, Tang R, Wang J, Ren C, Nie W, Chi X, Xu Z, Chen L, Li Y, Che F, Pang N, Wang H, Tong D, Qin W, Cheng W, Liu W, Fu Q, Liu B, Chai F, Davis SJ, Zhang Q, He K. Enhanced secondary pollution offset reduction of primary emissions during COVID-19 lockdown in China. Natl Sci Rev 2020; 8:nwaa137. [PMID: 34676092 PMCID: PMC7337733 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
To control the spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19), China imposed nationwide restrictions on the movement of its population (lockdown) after the Chinese New Year of 2020, leading to large reductions in economic activities and associated emissions. Despite such large decreases in primary pollution, there were nonetheless several periods of heavy haze pollution in eastern China, raising questions about the well-established relationship between human activities and air quality. Here, using comprehensive measurements and modeling, we show that the haze during the COVID lockdown was driven by enhancements of secondary pollution. In particular, large decreases in NOx emissions from transportation increased ozone and nighttime NO3 radical formation, and these increases in atmospheric oxidizing capacity in turn facilitated the formation of secondary particulate matter. Our results, afforded by the tragic natural experiment of the COVID-19 pandemic, indicate that haze mitigation depends upon a coordinated and balanced strategy for controlling multiple pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Aijun Ding
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Derong Zhou
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ximeng Qi
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Rong Tang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiaping Wang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chuanhua Ren
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Nie
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xuguang Chi
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Liangduo Chen
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fei Che
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Nini Pang
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Haikun Wang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dan Tong
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Wei Qin
- Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing 210036, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing 210036, China
| | - Weijing Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environment Science, Nanjing 210036, China
| | - Qingyan Fu
- Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Baoxian Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Airborne Particulate Matter Monitoring Technology, Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Fahe Chai
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Steven J Davis
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kebin He
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Chiang CK, Fan JF, Li J, Chang JS. Impact of Asian continental outflow on the springtime ozone mixing ratio in northern Taiwan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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3
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Auvray M, Bey I, Llull E, Schultz MG, Rast S. A model investigation of tropospheric ozone chemical tendencies in long-range transported pollution plumes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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4
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Olson JR, Crawford JH, Chen G, Brune WH, Faloona IC, Tan D, Harder H, Martinez M. A reevaluation of airborne HOxobservations from NASA field campaigns. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R. Olson
- Atmospheric Sciences Division, Langley Research Center; NASA; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - James H. Crawford
- Atmospheric Sciences Division, Langley Research Center; NASA; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - Gao Chen
- Atmospheric Sciences Division, Langley Research Center; NASA; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - William H. Brune
- Department of Meteorology; Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania USA
| | - Ian C. Faloona
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources; University of California; Davis California USA
| | - David Tan
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
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Parrish DD, Dunlea EJ, Atlas EL, Schauffler S, Donnelly S, Stroud V, Goldstein AH, Millet DB, McKay M, Jaffe DA, Price HU, Hess PG, Flocke F, Roberts JM. Changes in the photochemical environment of the temperate North Pacific troposphere in response to increased Asian emissions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. D. Parrish
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - E. J. Dunlea
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - E. L. Atlas
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - S. Schauffler
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - S. Donnelly
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - V. Stroud
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - A. H. Goldstein
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - D. B. Millet
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - M. McKay
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - D. A. Jaffe
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences; University of Washington-Bothell; Bothell Washington USA
| | - H. U. Price
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences; University of Washington-Bothell; Bothell Washington USA
- Department of Chemistry; University of Washington; Seattle Washington USA
| | - P. G. Hess
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - F. Flocke
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. M. Roberts
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
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7
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Kondo Y, Nakamura K, Chen G, Takegawa N, Koike M, Miyazaki Y, Kita K, Crawford J, Ko M, Blake DR, Kawakami S, Shirai T, Liley B, Wang Y, Ogawa T. Photochemistry of ozone over the western Pacific from winter to spring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Kondo
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - K. Nakamura
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - G. Chen
- NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - N. Takegawa
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - M. Koike
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Y. Miyazaki
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - K. Kita
- Department of Environmental Science, Graduate School of Science; Ibaraki University; Mito Japan
| | - J. Crawford
- NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - M. Ko
- NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - D. R. Blake
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Irvine California USA
| | - S. Kawakami
- Earth Observation Research and Application Center; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency; Tokyo Japan
| | - T. Shirai
- Earth Observation Research and Application Center; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency; Tokyo Japan
| | - B. Liley
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research; Lauder New Zealand
| | - Y. Wang
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - T. Ogawa
- Earth Observation Research and Application Center; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency; Tokyo Japan
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8
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Liang Q, Jaeglé L, Jaffe DA, Weiss-Penzias P, Heckman A, Snow JA. Long-range transport of Asian pollution to the northeast Pacific: Seasonal variations and transport pathways of carbon monoxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liang
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; University of Washington; Seattle Washington USA
| | - Lyatt Jaeglé
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; University of Washington; Seattle Washington USA
| | - Daniel A. Jaffe
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences; University of Washington; Bothell Washington USA
| | - Peter Weiss-Penzias
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences; University of Washington; Bothell Washington USA
| | - Anna Heckman
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences; University of Washington; Bothell Washington USA
| | - Julie A. Snow
- Science Department; United States Coast Guard Academy; New London Connecticut USA
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9
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Liu H. Constraints on the sources of tropospheric ozone from210Pb-7Be-O3correlations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Wild O. Chemical transport model ozone simulations for spring 2001 over the western Pacific: Regional ozone production and its global impacts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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11
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Kondo Y. Impacts of biomass burning in Southeast Asia on ozone and reactive nitrogen over the western Pacific in spring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Nakamura K, Kondo Y, Chen G, Crawford JH, Takegawa N, Koike M, Kita K, Miyazaki Y, Shetter RE, Lefer BL, Avery M, Matsumoto J. Measurement of NO2by the photolysis conversion technique during the Transport and Chemical Evolution Over the Pacific (TRACE-P) campaign. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Nakamura
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Y. Kondo
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - G. Chen
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | | | - N. Takegawa
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - M. Koike
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - K. Kita
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science; Ibaraki University; Mito Japan
| | - Y. Miyazaki
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - R. E. Shetter
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - B. L. Lefer
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - M. Avery
- NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - J. Matsumoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering; Tokyo Metropolitan University; Hachioji Japan
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13
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Davis DD, Chen G, Crawford JH, Liu S, Tan D, Sandholm ST, Jing P, Cunnold DM, DiNunno B, Browell EV, Grant WB, Fenn MA, Anderson BE, Barrick JD, Sachse GW, Vay SA, Hudgins CH, Avery MA, Lefer B, Shetter RE, Heikes BG, Blake DR, Blake N, Kondo Y, Oltmans S. An assessment of western North Pacific ozone photochemistry based on springtime observations from NASA's PEM-West B (1994) and TRACE-P (2001) field studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. D. Davis
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - G. Chen
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
- NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | | | - S. Liu
- Institute of Earth Sciences; Academia Sinica; Taipei Taiwan
| | - D. Tan
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - S. T. Sandholm
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - P. Jing
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - D. M. Cunnold
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - B. DiNunno
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | | | - W. B. Grant
- NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - M. A. Fenn
- NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | | | | | - G. W. Sachse
- NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - S. A. Vay
- NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | | | - M. A. Avery
- NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - B. Lefer
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - R. E. Shetter
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - B. G. Heikes
- Graduate School of Oceanography; University of Rhode Island; Narragansett Rhode Island USA
| | - D. R. Blake
- Department of Chemistry; University of California at Irvine; Irvine California USA
| | - N. Blake
- Department of Chemistry; University of California at Irvine; Irvine California USA
| | - Y. Kondo
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - S. Oltmans
- National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
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14
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Pierce RB, Al-Saadi JA, Schaack T, Lenzen A, Zapotocny T, Johnson D, Kittaka C, Buker M, Hitchman MH, Tripoli G, Fairlie TD, Olson JR, Natarajan M, Crawford J, Fishman J, Avery M, Browell EV, Creilson J, Kondo Y, Sandholm ST. Regional Air Quality Modeling System (RAQMS) predictions of the tropospheric ozone budget over east Asia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. B. Pierce
- NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - J. A. Al-Saadi
- Space Science and Engineering Center; University of Wisconsin; Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - T. Schaack
- Space Science and Engineering Center; University of Wisconsin; Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - A. Lenzen
- Space Science and Engineering Center; University of Wisconsin; Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - T. Zapotocny
- Space Science and Engineering Center; University of Wisconsin; Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - D. Johnson
- Space Science and Engineering Center; University of Wisconsin; Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - C. Kittaka
- Science Applications International Corporation; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - M. Buker
- Space Science and Engineering Center; University of Wisconsin; Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - M. H. Hitchman
- Space Science and Engineering Center; University of Wisconsin; Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - G. Tripoli
- Space Science and Engineering Center; University of Wisconsin; Madison Wisconsin USA
| | | | - J. R. Olson
- NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - M. Natarajan
- NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - J. Crawford
- NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - J. Fishman
- NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - M. Avery
- NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | | | - J. Creilson
- Science Applications International Corporation; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - Y. Kondo
- Center for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - S. T. Sandholm
- Center for Advanced Science and Technology; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
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15
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Crawford J, Olson J, Davis D, Chen G, Barrick J, Shetter R, Lefer B, Jordan C, Anderson B, Clarke A, Sachse G, Blake D, Singh H, Sandolm S, Tan D, Kondo Y, Avery M, Flocke F, Eisele F, Mauldin L, Zondlo M, Brune W, Harder H, Martinez M, Talbot R, Bandy A, Thornton D. Clouds and trace gas distributions during TRACE-P. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Crawford
- NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - J. Olson
- NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - D. Davis
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - G. Chen
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - J. Barrick
- NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - R. Shetter
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - B. Lefer
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - C. Jordan
- NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - B. Anderson
- NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - A. Clarke
- School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology; University of Hawaii; Honolulu Hawaii USA
| | - G. Sachse
- NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - D. Blake
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Irvine California USA
| | - H. Singh
- NASA Ames Research Center; Moffett Field California USA
| | - S. Sandolm
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - D. Tan
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Y. Kondo
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - M. Avery
- NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - F. Flocke
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - F. Eisele
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - L. Mauldin
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - M. Zondlo
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - W. Brune
- Department of Meteorology; Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania USA
| | - H. Harder
- Department of Meteorology; Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania USA
| | - M. Martinez
- Department of Meteorology; Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania USA
| | - R. Talbot
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - A. Bandy
- Department of Chemistry; Drexel University; Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - D. Thornton
- Department of Chemistry; Drexel University; Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
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16
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Zhang M, Uno I, Carmichael GR, Akimoto H, Wang Z, Tang Y, Woo JH, Streets DG, Sachse GW, Avery MA, Weber RJ, Talbot RW. Large-scale structure of trace gas and aerosol distributions over the western Pacific Ocean during the Transport and Chemical Evolution Over the Pacific (TRACE-P) experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meigen Zhang
- Frontier Research System for Global Change; Yokohama Japan
| | - Itsushi Uno
- Frontier Research System for Global Change; Yokohama Japan
| | - Gregory R. Carmichael
- Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research and Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - Hajime Akimoto
- Frontier Research System for Global Change; Yokohama Japan
| | - Zifa Wang
- Frontier Research System for Global Change; Yokohama Japan
| | - Youhua Tang
- Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research and Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - Jung-Hun Woo
- Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research and Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - David G. Streets
- Decision and Information Sciences Division; Argonne National Laboratory; Argonne Illinois USA
| | | | | | | | - Robert W. Talbot
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
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17
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Jacob DJ. Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P) aircraft mission: Design, execution, and first results. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 462] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Crawford J. Cloud impacts on UV spectral actinic flux observed during the International Photolysis Frequency Measurement and Model Intercomparison (IPMMI). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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20
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DiNunno B. An assessment of ozone photochemistry in the central/eastern North Pacific as determined from multiyear airborne field studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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DiNunno B. Central/eastern North Pacific photochemical precursor distributions for fall/spring seasons as defined by airborne field studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Atlas EL. The Tropospheric Ozone Production about the Spring Equinox (TOPSE) Experiment: Introduction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Tsutsumi Y. Vertical and latitudinal distributions of tropospheric ozone over the western Pacific: Case studies from the PACE aircraft missions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Wang T. Chemical characterization of the boundary layer outflow of air pollution to Hong Kong during February–April 2001. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Ko M, Hu W, Rodríguez JM, Kondo Y, Koike M, Kita K, Kawakami S, Blake D, Liu S, Ogawa T. Photochemical ozone budget during the BIBLE A and B campaigns. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Chan CY, Chan LY, Lam KS, Li YS, Harris JM, Oltmans SJ. Effects of Asian air pollution transport and photochemistry on carbon monoxide variability and ozone production in subtropical coastal south China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Y. Chan
- Environmental Engineering Unit, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China
| | - L. Y. Chan
- Environmental Engineering Unit, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China
| | - K. S. Lam
- Environmental Engineering Unit, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China
| | - Y. S. Li
- Environmental Engineering Unit, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China
| | - J. M. Harris
- NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory Boulder Colorado USA
| | - S. J. Oltmans
- NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory Boulder Colorado USA
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27
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Tanimoto H, Wild O, Kato S, Furutani H, Makide Y, Komazaki Y, Hashimoto S, Tanaka S, Akimoto H. Seasonal cycles of ozone and oxidized nitrogen species in northeast Asia 2. A model analysis of the roles of chemistry and transport. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tanimoto
- Atmospheric Environment Division; National Institute for Environmental Studies; Tsukuba Japan
| | - Oliver Wild
- Atmospheric Composition Research Program; Frontier Research System for Global Change; Yokohama Japan
| | - Shungo Kato
- Japan Science and Technology Corporation; Saitama Japan
| | | | | | - Yuichi Komazaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; Japan
| | - Shigeru Hashimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; Japan
| | - Shigeru Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; Japan
| | - Hajime Akimoto
- Atmospheric Composition Research Program; Frontier Research System for Global Change; Yokohama Japan
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28
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Miyazaki Y, Kita K, Kondo Y, Koike M, Ko M, Hu W, Kawakami S, Blake DR, Ogawa T. Springtime photochemical ozone production observed in the upper troposphere over east Asia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Sudo K, Takahashi M, Akimoto H. CHASER: A global chemical model of the troposphere 2. Model results and evaluation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Sudo
- Center for Climate System Research; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Masaaki Takahashi
- Center for Climate System Research; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
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30
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Stohl A, Trainer M, Ryerson TB, Holloway JS, Parrish DD. Export of NOyfrom the North American boundary layer during 1996 and 1997 North Atlantic Regional Experiments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Stohl
- Lehrstuhl für Bioklimatologie und Immissionsforschung; Technical University of Munich; Freising Germany
| | - Michael Trainer
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Tom B. Ryerson
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - John S. Holloway
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - David D. Parrish
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
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31
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Kanaya Y. Photochemical ozone production at a subtropical island of Okinawa, Japan: Implications from simultaneous observations of HO2radical and NOx. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Chapter 14 Chemistry of HOx radicals in the upper troposphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1474-8177(02)80017-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Raper JL, Kleb MM, Jacob DJ, Davis DD, Newell RE, Fuelberg HE, Bendura RJ, Hoell JM, McNeal RJ. Pacific Exploratory Mission in the Tropical Pacific: PEM-Tropics B, March-April 1999. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Davis D, Grodzinsky G, Chen G, Crawford J, Eisele F, Mauldin L, Tanner D, Cantrell C, Brune W, Tan D, Faloona I, Ridley B, Montzka D, Walega J, Grahek F, Sandholm S, Sachse G, Vay S, Anderson B, Avery M, Heikes B, Snow J, O'Sullivan D, Shetter R, Lefer B, Blake D, Blake N, Carroll M, Wang Y. Marine latitude/altitude OH distributions: Comparison of Pacific Ocean observations with models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd900141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Olson JR, Crawford JH, Davis DD, Chen G, Avery MA, Barrick JDW, Sachse GW, Vay SA, Sandholm ST, Tan D, Brune WH, Faloona IC, Heikes BG, Shetter RE, Lefer BL, Singh HB, Talbot RW, Blake DR. Seasonal differences in the photochemistry of the South Pacific: A comparison of observations and model results from PEM-Tropics A and B. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd900077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Pickering KE, Thompson AM, Kim H, DeCaria AJ, Pfister L, Kucsera TL, Witte JC, Avery MA, Blake DR, Crawford JH, Heikes BG, Sachse GW, Sandholm ST, Talbot RW. Trace gas transport and scavenging in PEM-Tropics B South Pacific Convergence Zone convection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Stohl A, James P, Forster C, Spichtinger N, Marenco A, Thouret V, Smit HGJ. An extension of Measurement of Ozone and Water Vapour by Airbus In-service Aircraft (MOZAIC) ozone climatologies using trajectory statistics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kotchenruther RA, Jaffe DA, Jaeglé L. Ozone photochemistry and the role of peroxyacetyl nitrate in the springtime northeastern Pacific troposphere: Results from the Photochemical Ozone Budget of the Eastern North Pacific Atmosphere (PHOBEA) campaign. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lefohn AS, Oltmans SJ, Dann T, Singh HB. Present-day variability of background ozone in the lower troposphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Stohl A. A 1-year Lagrangian “climatology” of airstreams in the northern hemisphere troposphere and lowermost stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Emmons LK, Hauglustaine DA, Müller JF, Carroll MA, Brasseur GP, Brunner D, Staehelin J, Thouret V, Marenco A. Data composites of airborne observations of tropospheric ozone and its precursors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Mauzerall DL, Narita D, Akimoto H, Horowitz L, Walters S, Hauglustaine DA, Brasseur G. Seasonal characteristics of tropospheric ozone production and mixing ratios over East Asia: A global three-dimensional chemical transport model analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Milne PJ, Prados AI, Dickerson RR, Doddridge BG, Riemer DD, Zika RG, Merrill JT, Moody JL. Nonmethane hydrocarbon mixing ratios in continental outflow air from eastern North America: Export of ozone precursors to Bermuda. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd901117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Crawford J, Davis D, Olson J, Chen G, Liu S, Gregory G, Barrick J, Sachse G, Sandholm S, Heikes B, Singh H, Blake D. Assessment of upper tropospheric HOxsources over the tropical Pacific based on NASA GTE/PEM data: Net effect on HOxand other photochemical parameters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Smyth S, Sandholm S, Shumaker B, Mitch W, Kanvinde A, Bradshaw J, Liu S, McKeen S, Gregory G, Anderson B, Talbot R, Blake D, Rowland S, Browell E, Fenn M, Merrill J, Bachmeier S, Sachse G, Collins J. Characterization of the chemical signatures of air masses observed during the PEM experiments over the western Pacific. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Peterson MC, Honrath RE. NOxand NOyover the northwestern North Atlantic: Measurements and measurement accuracy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1998jd100088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hoell JM, Davis DD, Jacob DJ, Rodgers MO, Newell RE, Fuelberg HE, McNeal RJ, Raper JL, Bendura RJ. Pacific Exploratory Mission in the tropical Pacific: PEM-Tropics A, August-September 1996. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1998jd100074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Davis D, Chen G, Bandy A, Thornton D, Eisele F, Mauldin L, Tanner D, Lenschow D, Fuelberg H, Huebert B, Heath J, Clarke A, Blake D. Dimethyl sulfide oxidation in the equatorial Pacific: Comparison of model simulations with field observations for DMS, SO2, H2SO4(g), MSA(g), MS and NSS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1998jd100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Crawford J, Davis D, Chen G, Shetter R, Müller M, Barrick J, Olson J. An assessment of cloud effects on photolysis rate coefficients: Comparison of experimental and theoretical values. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd01724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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