1
|
Zhu Q, Wang W, Shan C, Xie Y, Zeng X, Wu P, Liang B, Liu C. Effects of biomass burning on CO, HCN, C 2H 6, C 2H 2 and H 2CO during long-term FTIR measurements in Hefei, China. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:8343-8363. [PMID: 38439492 DOI: 10.1364/oe.516258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
High-resolution solar absorption spectra were continuously collected by a ground-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer to retrieve the total column of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), ethane (C2H6), acetylene (C2H2), and formaldehyde (H2CO). The time series and variation characteristics of these gases were analyzed. The biomass combustion process is identified by using the correlations between the monthly mean deviations of HCN, C2H6, C2H2 and H2CO versus CO and satellite fire point data. The months with high correlation coefficients (R > 0.8) and peaks of fire point number are considered to be with biomass combustion occurrence. The emissions of HCN, C2H6, C2H2 and H2CO in Anhui were estimated using the enhancement ratios of gases to CO in these months when biomass combustion was the main driving factor of gas concentration change. The study proved the ability of FTIR system in inferring the period during biomass combustion and estimating emissions of the trace gases concerning biomass combustion.
Collapse
|
2
|
Mirsaleh-Kohan N, Esmaili S, Bass AD, Huels MA, Sanche L. Chemical transformation of molecular ices containing N 2O and C 2D 2 by low energy electrons: New chemical species of astronomical interest. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:224706. [PMID: 34241211 DOI: 10.1063/5.0040884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have employed electron stimulated desorption (ESD) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to study the chemical species generated from multilayer films of N2O, C2D2, and mixtures thereof (i.e., N2O/C2D2) by the impact of low energy electrons with energies between 30 and 70 eV. Our ESD results for pure films of N2O show the production of numerous fragment cations and anions, and of larger molecular ions, of sufficient kinetic energy to escape into vacuum, which are likely formed by ion-molecule scattering in the film. Ion-molecule scattering is also responsible for the production of cations from C2D2 films that contain as many as six or seven carbon atoms. Many of the same anions and cations desorb from N2O/C2D2 mixtures, as well as new species, which is the result of ion-molecule scattering in the film. Anion desorption signals further indicate the formation of C-N containing species within the irradiated films. XPS spectra of N1s, C1s, and O1s lines reveal the fragmentation of N-O bonds and gradual formation of molecules containing species containing O-C=O, C=O, and C-O functional groups. A comparison between ESD and XPS findings suggests that species observed in the ESD channel are primarily products of reactions taking place at the film-vacuum interface, while those observed in the XPS derive from reactions occurring within the solid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Mirsaleh-Kohan
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Sasan Esmaili
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Andrew D Bass
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Michael A Huels
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Leon Sanche
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Akob DM, Sutton JM, Fierst JL, Haase KB, Baesman S, Luther GW, Miller LG, Oremland RS. Acetylenotrophy: a hidden but ubiquitous microbial metabolism? FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2018; 94:5026170. [PMID: 29933435 PMCID: PMC7190893 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiy103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylene (IUPAC name: ethyne) is a colorless, gaseous hydrocarbon, composed of two triple bonded carbon atoms attached to hydrogens (C2H2). When microbiologists and biogeochemists think of acetylene, they immediately think of its use as an inhibitory compound of certain microbial processes and a tracer for nitrogen fixation. However, what is less widely known is that anaerobic and aerobic microorganisms can degrade acetylene, using it as a sole carbon and energy source and providing the basis of a microbial food web. Here, we review what is known about acetylene degrading organisms and introduce the term 'acetylenotrophs' to refer to the microorganisms that carry out this metabolic pathway. In addition, we review the known environmental sources of acetylene and postulate the presence of an hidden acetylene cycle. The abundance of bacteria capable of using acetylene and other alkynes as an energy and carbon source suggests that there are energy cycles present in the environment that are driven by acetylene and alkyne production and consumption that are isolated from atmospheric exchange. Acetylenotrophs may have developed to leverage the relatively high concentrations of acetylene in the pre-Cambrian atmosphere, evolving later to survive in specialized niches where acetylene and other alkynes were produced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denise M Akob
- U. S. Geological Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, MS 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA
| | - John M Sutton
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, SEC 2328, Box 870344, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA
| | - Janna L Fierst
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, SEC 2328, Box 870344, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA
| | - Karl B Haase
- U. S. Geological Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, MS 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA
| | - Shaun Baesman
- U. S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, MS 480, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - George W Luther
- School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, 700 Pilottown Road, Cannon Laboratory 218, Lewes, DE 19958, USA
| | - Laurence G Miller
- U. S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, MS 480, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - Ronald S Oremland
- U. S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, MS 480, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liang CW, Ku CK, Liang JJ. The scale-free network behavior of ambient volatile organic compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:872-883. [PMID: 23054767 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1199-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A scale-free network model with surface and vertical field measurements was used to identify the connectivity distribution of the scale-free network behavior of ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The results show that the carbon number (C(n)) with the total amount of C(n) compounds (P(C(n))) possesses an explicit relationship with the scale-free network behavior. The proportionate coefficient (α) and exponent (γ) of the scale-free network model with spatial and temporal variations are estimated and discussed. The analytical results demonstrate that although photochemical reactions cause the VOCs fraction variation, they do not alter the fraction of C(n) compounds observably. Therefore, the values of α and of γ did not vary with time, but with local regional characteristics. The results indicate that the influence of local VOCs emissions occurs at a height of 100 m, but becomes insufficient at a height of 300 m. Air mass mixing increases with greater height; thus, the influence of regional characteristics at a height of 700 m is low. Finally, a successful empirical model was established to evaluate the distribution of surface VOCs in various regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Wei Liang
- Department of Natural Science, Taipei Municipal University of Education, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Long-term decline of global atmospheric ethane concentrations and implications for methane. Nature 2012; 488:490-4. [DOI: 10.1038/nature11342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
6
|
Xiao Y, Logan JA, Jacob DJ, Hudman RC, Yantosca R, Blake DR. Global budget of ethane and regional constraints on U.S. sources. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
7
|
Xiao Y, Jacob DJ, Turquety S. Atmospheric acetylene and its relationship with CO as an indicator of air mass age. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
8
|
Xiao Y. Constraints on Asian and European sources of methane from CH4-C2H6-CO correlations in Asian outflow. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
9
|
Blake NJ. NMHCs and halocarbons in Asian continental outflow during the Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P) Field Campaign: Comparison With PEM-West B. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
10
|
Bartlett KB. Large-scale distribution of CH4in the western North Pacific: Sources and transport from the Asian continent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
11
|
Swanson AL. Seasonal variations of C2–C4nonmethane hydrocarbons and C1–C4alkyl nitrates at the Summit research station in Greenland. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
12
|
Blake NJ. The seasonal evolution of NMHCs and light alkyl nitrates at middle to high northern latitudes during TOPSE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
13
|
Jacob DJ, Field BD, Jin EM, Bey I, Li Q, Logan JA, Yantosca RM, Singh HB. Atmospheric budget of acetone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Jacob
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Brendan D. Field
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Emily M. Jin
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Isabelle Bey
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Qinbin Li
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Jennifer A. Logan
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Robert M. Yantosca
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhao Y. Spectroscopic measurements of tropospheric CO, C2H6, C2H2, and HCN in northern Japan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
15
|
Rinsland CP. Multiyear infrared solar spectroscopic measurements of HCN, CO, C2H6, and C2H2tropospheric columns above Lauder, New Zealand (45°S latitude). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
16
|
Mühle J. Air mass classification during the INDOEX R/VRonald Browncruise using measurements of nonmethane hydrocarbons, CH4, CO2, CO,14CO, and δ18O(CO). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
17
|
Rinsland CP, Mahieu E, Zander R, Demoulin P, Forrer J, Buchmann B. Free tropospheric CO, C2H6, and HCN above central Europe: Recent measurements from the Jungfraujoch station including the detection of elevated columns during 1998. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
18
|
Phadnis MJ, Carmichael GR. Transport and distribution of primary and secondary nonmethane volatile organic compounds in east Asia under continental outflow conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd901098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
19
|
Montzka SA, Spivakovsky CM, Butler JH, Elkins JW, Lock LT, Mondeel DJ. New observational constraints for atmospheric hydroxyl on global and hemispheric scales. Science 2000; 288:500-3. [PMID: 10775106 DOI: 10.1126/science.288.5465.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Dramatic declines in emissions of methyl chloroform (1,1, 1-trichloroethane) resulting from the Montreal Protocol provide an unprecedented opportunity to improve our understanding of the oxidizing power of Earth's atmosphere. Atmospheric observations of this industrial gas during the late 1990s yield new insights into the global burden and distribution of the hydroxyl radical. Our results set firm upper limits on the global and Southern Hemispheric lifetimes of methyl chloroform and confirm the predominance of hydroxyl in the tropics. Our analysis suggests a global lifetime for methyl chloroform of 5.2 (+0.2, -0.3) years, a Southern Hemispheric lifetime of 4.9 (+0.2, -0.3) years, and mean annual concentrations of OH that are 15 +/- 10% higher south of the intertropical convergence zone than those north of this natural mixing boundary between the hemispheres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- SA Montzka
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303, USA. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard Univ
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tyler SC, Ajie HO, Gupta ML, Cicerone RJ, Blake DR, Dlugokencky EJ. Stable carbon isotopic composition of atmospheric methane: A comparison of surface level and free tropospheric air. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|