1
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Al Saati S, Clément N, Louis C, Blanc M, Wang Y, André N, Lamy L, Bonfond B, Collet B, Allegrini F, Bolton S, Clark G, Connerney JEP, Gérard J, Gladstone GR, Kotsiaros S, Kurth WS, Mauk B. Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere Coupling Study at Jupiter Based on Juno's First 30 Orbits and Modeling Tools. J Geophys Res Space Phys 2022; 127:e2022JA030586. [PMID: 36591321 PMCID: PMC9787687 DOI: 10.1029/2022ja030586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of the Jovian magnetosphere is controlled by the interplay of the planet's fast rotation, its solar-wind interaction and its main plasma source at the Io torus, mediated by coupling processes involving its magnetosphere, ionosphere, and thermosphere. At the ionospheric level, these processes can be characterized by a set of parameters including conductances, field-aligned currents, horizontal currents, electric fields, transport of charged particles along field lines including the fluxes of electrons precipitating into the upper atmosphere which trigger auroral emissions, and the particle and Joule heating power dissipation rates into the upper atmosphere. Determination of these key parameters makes it possible to estimate the net transfer of momentum and energy between Jovian upper atmosphere and equatorial magnetosphere. A method based on a combined use of Juno multi-instrument data and three modeling tools was developed by Wang et al. (2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021ja029469) and applied to an analysis of the first nine orbits to retrieve these parameters along Juno's magnetic footprint. We extend this method to the first 30 Juno science orbits and to both hemispheres. Our results reveal a large variability of these parameters from orbit to orbit and between the two hemispheres. They also show dominant trends. Southern current systems are consistent with the generation of a region of sub-corotating ionospheric plasma flows, while both super-corotating and sub-corotating plasma flows are found in the north. These results are discussed in light of the previous space and ground-based observations and currently available models of plasma convection and current systems, and their implications are assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Al Saati
- IRAPCNRSUniversité Toulouse III‐Paul SabatierCNESToulouseFrance
- CPHTCNRSInstitut Polytechnique de ParisPalaiseauFrance
| | - N. Clément
- IRAPCNRSUniversité Toulouse III‐Paul SabatierCNESToulouseFrance
- Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de BordeauxUniversité de BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | - C. Louis
- IRAPCNRSUniversité Toulouse III‐Paul SabatierCNESToulouseFrance
- School of Cosmic PhysicsDIAS Dunsink ObservatoryDublin Institute for Advanced StudiesDublinIreland
| | - M. Blanc
- IRAPCNRSUniversité Toulouse III‐Paul SabatierCNESToulouseFrance
- LAMPythéasAix Marseille UniversitéCNRSCNESMarseilleFrance
| | - Y. Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Space WeatherNational Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - N. André
- IRAPCNRSUniversité Toulouse III‐Paul SabatierCNESToulouseFrance
| | - L. Lamy
- LAMPythéasAix Marseille UniversitéCNRSCNESMarseilleFrance
- LESIAObservatoire de ParisUniversité PSLCNRSSorbonne UniversitéUniversité de ParisMeudonFrance
| | | | - B. Collet
- LAMPythéasAix Marseille UniversitéCNRSCNESMarseilleFrance
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - S. Kotsiaros
- Technical University of DenmarkKongens LyngbyDenmark
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2
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Wang Y, Blanc M, Louis C, Wang C, André N, Adriani A, Allegrini F, Blelly P, Bolton S, Bonfond B, Clark G, Dinelli BM, Gérard J, Gladstone R, Grodent D, Kotsiaros S, Kurth W, Lamy L, Louarn P, Marchaudon A, Mauk B, Mura A, Tao C. A Preliminary Study of Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere Coupling at Jupiter: Juno Multi-Instrument Measurements and Modeling Tools. J Geophys Res Space Phys 2021; 126:e2021JA029469. [PMID: 35846729 PMCID: PMC9285026 DOI: 10.1029/2021ja029469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of the Jovian magnetosphere are controlled by the interplay of the planet's fast rotation, its main iogenic plasma source and its interaction with the solar wind. Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere (MIT) coupling processes controlling this interplay are significantly different from their Earth and Saturn counterparts. At the ionospheric level, they can be characterized by a set of key parameters: ionospheric conductances, electric currents and fields, exchanges of particles along field lines, Joule heating and particle energy deposition. From these parameters, one can determine (a) how magnetospheric currents close into the ionosphere, and (b) the net deposition/extraction of energy into/out of the upper atmosphere associated to MIT coupling. We present a new method combining Juno multi-instrument data (MAG, JADE, JEDI, UVS, JIRAM and Waves) and modeling tools to estimate these key parameters along Juno's trajectories. We first apply this method to two southern hemisphere main auroral oval crossings to illustrate how the coupling parameters are derived. We then present a preliminary statistical analysis of the morphology and amplitudes of these key parameters for eight among the first nine southern perijoves. We aim to extend our method to more Juno orbits to progressively build a comprehensive view of Jovian MIT coupling at the level of the main auroral oval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Space WeatherNational Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Earth and Planetary SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et PlanétologieToulouseFrance
| | - Michel Blanc
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et PlanétologieToulouseFrance
| | - Corentin Louis
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et PlanétologieToulouseFrance
| | - Chi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Space WeatherNational Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Earth and Planetary SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Nicolas André
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et PlanétologieToulouseFrance
| | - Alberto Adriani
- INAF‐Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia SpazialiRomeItaly
| | - Frederic Allegrini
- Southwest Research InstituteSan AntonioTXUSA
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of Texas at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA
| | | | | | - Bertrand Bonfond
- Laboratoire de Physique Atmosphérique et PlanétaireSTAR InstituteUniversité de LiègeLiègeBelgium
| | - George Clark
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMDUSA
| | | | - Jean‐Claude Gérard
- Laboratoire de Physique Atmosphérique et PlanétaireSTAR InstituteUniversité de LiègeLiègeBelgium
| | | | - Denis Grodent
- Laboratoire de Physique Atmosphérique et PlanétaireSTAR InstituteUniversité de LiègeLiègeBelgium
| | | | - William Kurth
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| | - Laurent Lamy
- Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysiqueMeudonFrance
- Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de MarseilleMarseilleFrance
| | - Philippe Louarn
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et PlanétologieToulouseFrance
| | | | - Barry Mauk
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMDUSA
| | - Alessandro Mura
- INAF‐Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia SpazialiRomeItaly
| | - Chihiro Tao
- National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT)KoganeiJapan
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3
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Imai M, Greathouse TK, Kurth WS, Gladstone GR, Louis CK, Zarka P, Bolton SJ, Connerney JEP. Probing Jovian Broadband Kilometric Radio Sources Tied to the Ultraviolet Main Auroral Oval With Juno. Geophys Res Lett 2019; 46:571-579. [PMID: 30853732 PMCID: PMC6392111 DOI: 10.1029/2018gl081227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Observations of Jovian broadband kilometric (bKOM) radiation and ultraviolet (UV) auroras were acquired with the Waves and Juno-UVS instruments for ∼2 hr over the northern and southern polar regions during Juno's perijoves 4, 5, and 6 passes (PJ4, PJ5, and PJ6). During all six time periods, Juno traversed auroral magnetic field lines connecting to the UV main auroral ovals, matching the estimates of bKOM radio source footprints. The localized bKOM radio sources for the PJ4 north pass map to magnetic field lines having distances of 10 to 12 Jovian radii (R J) at the magnetic equator, whereas the extended bKOM radio sources for the other events map to field lines extending to 20-61 R J. We found the peak bKOM intensities during Juno's potential radio source crossings show positive, negative, and no correlations with the UV main oval brightness and color ratio. Only the positive correlations suggest wave-particle energy transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Imai
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| | - Thomas K. Greathouse
- Space Science and Engineering DivisionSouthwest Research InstituteSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - William S. Kurth
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| | - G. Randall Gladstone
- Space Science and Engineering DivisionSouthwest Research InstituteSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Corentin K. Louis
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, PSL, UPMC/SU, UPD, Place J. JanssenMeudonFrance
- Station de Radioastronomie de Nançay, Obs. Paris, CNRS, PSL, Univ. OrléansNançayFrance
| | - Philippe Zarka
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, PSL, UPMC/SU, UPD, Place J. JanssenMeudonFrance
- Station de Radioastronomie de Nançay, Obs. Paris, CNRS, PSL, Univ. OrléansNançayFrance
| | - Scott J. Bolton
- Space Science and Engineering DivisionSouthwest Research InstituteSan AntonioTXUSA
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4
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Stallard TS, Melin H, Miller S, O'Donoghue J, Cowley SWH, Badman SV, Adriani A, Brown RH, Baines KH. Temperature changes and energy inputs in giant planet atmospheres: what we are learning from H3+. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2012; 370:5213-5224. [PMID: 23028167 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2012.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery at Jupiter in 1988, emission from H(3)(+) has been used as a valuable diagnostic tool in our understanding of the upper atmospheres of the giant planets. One of the lasting questions we have about the giant planets is why the measured upper atmosphere temperatures are always consistently hotter than the temperatures expected from solar heating alone. Here, we describe how H(3)(+) forms across each of the planetary disks of Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus, presenting the first observations of equatorial H(3)(+) at Saturn and the first profile of H(3)(+) emission at Uranus not significantly distorted by the effects of the Earth's atmosphere. We also review past observations of variations in temperature measured at Uranus and Jupiter over a wide variety of time scales. To this, we add new observations of temperature changes at Saturn, using observations by Cassini. We conclude that the causes of the significant level of thermal variability observed over all three planets is not only an important question in itself, but that explaining these variations could be the key to answering the more general question of why giant planet upper atmospheres are so hot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom S Stallard
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Bonfond
- Laboratoire de Physique Atmosphérique et Planétaire; Université de Liège; Liège Belgium
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- S. L. G. Hess
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - P. Delamere
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - V. Dols
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - B. Bonfond
- LPAP, Institut d'Astrophysique et Géophysique; Université de Liège; Liège Belgium
| | - D. Swift
- Geophysical Institute; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Fairbanks Alaska USA
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7
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Bonfond B, Grodent D, Gérard JC, Radioti A, Dols V, Delamere PA, Clarke JT. The Io UV footprint: Location, inter-spot distances and tail vertical extent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2009ja014312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Bonfond
- Laboratoire de Physique Atmosphérique et Planétaire; Université de Liège; Liege Belgium
| | - D. Grodent
- Laboratoire de Physique Atmosphérique et Planétaire; Université de Liège; Liege Belgium
| | - J.-C. Gérard
- Laboratoire de Physique Atmosphérique et Planétaire; Université de Liège; Liege Belgium
| | - A. Radioti
- Laboratoire de Physique Atmosphérique et Planétaire; Université de Liège; Liege Belgium
| | - V. Dols
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - P. A. Delamere
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. T. Clarke
- Department of Astronomy and Center for Space Physics, Boston University; Boston Massachusetts USA
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8
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Clarke JT, Nichols J, Gérard JC, Grodent D, Hansen KC, Kurth W, Gladstone GR, Duval J, Wannawichian S, Bunce E, Cowley SWH, Crary F, Dougherty M, Lamy L, Mitchell D, Pryor W, Retherford K, Stallard T, Zieger B, Zarka P, Cecconi B. Response of Jupiter's and Saturn's auroral activity to the solar wind. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008ja013694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. T. Clarke
- Center for Space Physics; Boston University; Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - J. Nichols
- Center for Space Physics; Boston University; Boston Massachusetts USA
| | | | - D. Grodent
- LPAP; Université de Liège; Liege Belgium
| | - K. C. Hansen
- AOSS Department; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - W. Kurth
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
| | | | - J. Duval
- Center for Space Physics; Boston University; Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - S. Wannawichian
- Center for Space Physics; Boston University; Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - E. Bunce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Leicester; Leicester UK
| | - S. W. H. Cowley
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Leicester; Leicester UK
| | - F. Crary
- Southwest Research Institute; San Antonio Texas USA
| | - M. Dougherty
- Blackett Laboratory; Imperial College; London UK
| | - L. Lamy
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris; UPMC, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot; Meudon France
| | - D. Mitchell
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory; Laurel Maryland USA
| | - W. Pryor
- Department of Science; Central Arizona College; Coolidge Arizona USA
| | | | - T. Stallard
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Leicester; Leicester UK
| | - B. Zieger
- AOSS Department; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - P. Zarka
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris; UPMC, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot; Meudon France
| | - B. Cecconi
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris; UPMC, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot; Meudon France
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9
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Ergun RE, Ray L, Delamere PA, Bagenal F, Dols V, Su YJ. Generation of parallel electric fields in the Jupiter-Io torus wake region. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008ja013968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. E. Ergun
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - L. Ray
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - P. A. Delamere
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - F. Bagenal
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - V. Dols
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Y.-J. Su
- Department of Physics; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington Texas USA
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- L. C. Ray
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - S. Hess
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris; CNRS, Université Paris Diderot; Meudon France
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11
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Grodent D, Bonfond B, Gérard JC, Radioti A, Gustin J, Clarke JT, Nichols J, Connerney JEP. Auroral evidence of a localized magnetic anomaly in Jupiter's northern hemisphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2008ja013185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Grodent
- Laboratory for Planetary and Atmospheric Physics; Université de Liège; Liège Belgium
| | - Bertrand Bonfond
- Laboratory for Planetary and Atmospheric Physics; Université de Liège; Liège Belgium
| | - Jean-Claude Gérard
- Laboratory for Planetary and Atmospheric Physics; Université de Liège; Liège Belgium
| | - Aikaterini Radioti
- Laboratory for Planetary and Atmospheric Physics; Université de Liège; Liège Belgium
| | - Jacques Gustin
- Laboratory for Planetary and Atmospheric Physics; Université de Liège; Liège Belgium
| | - John T. Clarke
- Center for Space Physics; Boston University; Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Jonathan Nichols
- Center for Space Physics; Boston University; Boston Massachusetts USA
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Wannawichian
- Center for Space Physics; Boston University; Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - J. T. Clarke
- Center for Space Physics; Boston University; Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - D. H. Pontius
- Physics Department; Birmingham-Southern College; Birmingham Alabama USA
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Radioti
- LPAP, Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique; Université de Liège; Belgium
| | - J.-C. Gérard
- LPAP, Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique; Université de Liège; Belgium
| | - D. Grodent
- LPAP, Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique; Université de Liège; Belgium
| | - B. Bonfond
- LPAP, Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique; Université de Liège; Belgium
| | - N. Krupp
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung; Katlenburg-Lindau Germany
| | - J. Woch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung; Katlenburg-Lindau Germany
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Grodent
- Laboratory for Planetary and Atmospheric Physics; Université de Liège; Belgium
| | - Jean-Claude Gérard
- Laboratory for Planetary and Atmospheric Physics; Université de Liège; Belgium
| | - Aikaterini Radioti
- Laboratory for Planetary and Atmospheric Physics; Université de Liège; Belgium
| | - Bertrand Bonfond
- Laboratory for Planetary and Atmospheric Physics; Université de Liège; Belgium
| | - Adem Saglam
- Laboratory for Planetary and Atmospheric Physics; Université de Liège; Belgium
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15
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Gladstone GR, Stern SA, Slater DC, Versteeg M, Davis MW, Retherford KD, Young LA, Steffl AJ, Throop H, Parker JW, Weaver HA, Cheng AF, Orton GS, Clarke JT, Nichols JD. Jupiter's Nightside Airglow and Aurora. Science 2007; 318:229-31. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1147613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Randall Gladstone
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
- NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - S. Alan Stern
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
- NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - David C. Slater
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
- NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Maarten Versteeg
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
- NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Michael W. Davis
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
- NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Kurt D. Retherford
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
- NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Leslie A. Young
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
- NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Andrew J. Steffl
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
- NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Henry Throop
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
- NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Joel Wm. Parker
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
- NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Harold A. Weaver
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
- NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Andrew F. Cheng
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
- NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Glenn S. Orton
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
- NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - John T. Clarke
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
- NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Nichols
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
- NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
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16
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Nichols JD, Bunce EJ, Clarke JT, Cowley SWH, Gérard JC, Grodent D, Pryor WR. Response of Jupiter's UV auroras to interplanetary conditions as observed by the Hubble Space Telescope during the Cassini flyby campaign. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006ja012005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. D. Nichols
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Leicester; Leicester UK
| | - E. J. Bunce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Leicester; Leicester UK
| | - J. T. Clarke
- Center for Space Physics; Boston University; Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - S. W. H. Cowley
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Leicester; Leicester UK
| | - J.-C. Gérard
- LPAP, Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique; Université de Liège; Liège Belgium
| | - D. Grodent
- LPAP, Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique; Université de Liège; Liège Belgium
| | - W. R. Pryor
- Central Arizona College; Coolidge Arizona USA
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Gustin J, Cowley SWH, Gérard JC, Gladstone GR, Grodent D, Clarke JT. Characteristics of Jovian morning bright FUV aurora from Hubble Space Telescope/Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph imaging and spectral observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006ja011730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gérard JC, Saglam A, Grodent D, Clarke JT. Morphology of the ultraviolet Io footprint emission and its control by Io's location. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005ja011327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kivelson MG, Southwood DJ. Dynamical consequences of two modes of centrifugal instability in Jupiter's outer magnetosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005ja011176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Badman SV, Bunce EJ, Clarke JT, Cowley SWH, Gérard JC, Grodent D, Milan SE. Open flux estimates in Saturn's magnetosphere during the January 2004 Cassini-HST campaign, and implications for reconnection rates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005ja011240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bougher SW. Jupiter Thermospheric General Circulation Model (JTGCM): Global structure and dynamics driven by auroral and Joule heating. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2003je002230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cowley SWH, Alexeev II, Belenkaya ES, Bunce EJ, Cottis CE, Kalegaev VV, Nichols JD, Prangé R, Wilson FJ. A simple axisymmetric model of magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling currents in Jupiter's polar ionosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005ja011237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Majeed T, Waite JH, Bougher SW, Gladstone GR. Processes of equatorial thermal structure at Jupiter: An analysis of the Galileo temperature profile with a three-dimensional model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004je002351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Frank LA, Paterson WR. Galileo observations of electron beams and thermal ions in Jupiter's magnetosphere and their relationship to the auroras. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001ja009150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. A. Frank
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - W. R. Paterson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
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Affiliation(s)
- T. W. Hill
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; Rice University; Houston Texas USA
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Gurnett DA, Kurth WS, Hospodarsky GB, Persoon AM, Zarka P, Lecacheux A, Bolton SJ, Desch MD, Farrell WM, Kaiser ML, Ladreiter HP, Rucker HO, Galopeau P, Louarn P, Young DT, Pryor WR, Dougherty MK. Control of Jupiter's radio emission and aurorae by the solar wind. Nature 2002; 415:985-7. [PMID: 11875556 DOI: 10.1038/415985a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Radio emissions from Jupiter provided the first evidence that this giant planet has a strong magnetic field and a large magnetosphere. Jupiter also has polar aurorae, which are similar in many respects to Earth's aurorae. The radio emissions are believed to be generated along the high-latitude magnetic field lines by the same electrons that produce the aurorae, and both the radio emission in the hectometric frequency range and the aurorae vary considerably. The origin of the variability, however, has been poorly understood. Here we report simultaneous observations using the Cassini and Galileo spacecraft of hectometric radio emissions and extreme ultraviolet auroral emissions from Jupiter. Our results show that both of these emissions are triggered by interplanetary shocks propagating outward from the Sun. When such a shock arrives at Jupiter, it seems to cause a major compression and reconfiguration of the magnetosphere, which produces strong electric fields and therefore electron acceleration along the auroral field lines, similar to the processes that occur during geomagnetic storms at the Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Gurnett
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
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Clarke JT, Ajello J, Ballester G, Ben Jaffel L, Connerney J, Gérard JC, Gladstone GR, Grodent D, Pryor W, Trauger J, Waite JH. Ultraviolet emissions from the magnetic footprints of Io, Ganymede and Europa on Jupiter. Nature 2002; 415:997-1000. [PMID: 11875560 DOI: 10.1038/415997a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Io leaves a magnetic footprint on Jupiter's upper atmosphere that appears as a spot of ultraviolet emission that remains fixed underneath Io as Jupiter rotates. The specific physical mechanisms responsible for generating those emissions are not well understood, but in general the spot seems to arise because of an electromagnetic interaction between Jupiter's magnetic field and the plasma surrounding Io, driving currents of around 1 million amperes down through Jupiter's ionosphere. The other galilean satellites may also leave footprints, and the presence or absence of such footprints should illuminate the underlying physical mechanism by revealing the strengths of the currents linking the satellites to Jupiter. Here we report persistent, faint, far-ultraviolet emission from the jovian footprints of Ganymede and Europa. We also show that Io's magnetic footprint extends well beyond the immediate vicinity of Io's flux-tube interaction with Jupiter, and much farther than predicted theoretically; the emission persists for several hours downstream. We infer from these data that Ganymede and Europa have persistent interactions with Jupiter's magnetic field despite their thin atmospheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Clarke
- Boston University, 725 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
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Gladstone GR, Waite JH, Grodent D, Lewis WS, Crary FJ, Elsner RF, Weisskopf MC, Majeed T, Jahn JM, Bhardwaj A, Clarke JT, Young DT, Dougherty MK, Espinosa SA, Cravens TE. A pulsating auroral X-ray hot spot on Jupiter. Nature 2002; 415:1000-3. [PMID: 11875561 DOI: 10.1038/4151000a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Jupiter's X-ray aurora has been thought to be excited by energetic sulphur and oxygen ions precipitating from the inner magnetosphere into the planet's polar regions. Here we report high-spatial-resolution observations that demonstrate that most of Jupiter's northern auroral X-rays come from a 'hot spot' located significantly poleward of the latitudes connected to the inner magnetosphere. The hot spot seems to be fixed in magnetic latitude and longitude and occurs in a region where anomalous infrared and ultraviolet emissions have also been observed. We infer from the data that the particles that excite the aurora originate in the outer magnetosphere. The hot spot X-rays pulsate with an approximately 45-min period, a period similar to that reported for high-latitude radio and energetic electron bursts observed by near-Jupiter spacecraft. These results invalidate the idea that jovian auroral X-ray emissions are mainly excited by steady precipitation of energetic heavy ions from the inner magnetosphere. Instead, the X-rays seem to result from currently unexplained processes in the outer magnetosphere that produce highly localized and highly variable emissions over an extremely wide range of wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Gladstone
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78228, USA.
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Waite JH, Lummerzheim D. Comparison of auroral processes: Earth and Jupiter. In: Mendillo M, Nagy A, White JH, editors. Atmospheres in the Solar System: Comparative Aeronomy. Washington: American Geophysical Union; 2002. pp. 115-39. [DOI: 10.1029/130gm08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Mauk BH, Anderson BJ, Thorne RM. Magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling at earth, jupiter, and beyond. In: Mendillo M, Nagy A, White JH, editors. Atmospheres in the Solar System: Comparative Aeronomy. Washington: American Geophysical Union; 2002. pp. 97-114. [DOI: 10.1029/130gm07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Mauk BH, Williams DJ, Eviatar A. Understanding Io's space environment interaction: Recent energetic electron measurements from Galileo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000ja002508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Waite JH, Gladstone GR, Lewis WS, Goldstein R, McComas DJ, Riley P, Walker RJ, Robertson P, Desai S, Clarke JT, Young DT. An auroral flare at Jupiter. Nature 2001; 410:787-9. [PMID: 11298440 DOI: 10.1038/35071018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Jupiter's aurora is the most powerful in the Solar System. It is powered largely by energy extracted from planetary rotation, although there seems also to be a contribution from the solar wind. This contrasts with Earth's aurora, which is generated through the interaction of the solar wind with the magnetosphere. The major features of Jupiter's aurora (based on far-ultraviolet, near-infrared and visible-wavelength observations) include a main oval that generally corotates with the planet and a region of patchy, diffuse emission inside the oval on Jupiter's dusk side. Here we report the discovery of a rapidly evolving, very bright and localized emission poleward of the northern main oval, in a region connected magnetically to Jupiter's outer magnetosphere. The intensity of the emission increased by a factor of 30 within 70 s, and then decreased on a similar timescale, all captured during a single four-minute exposure. This type of flaring emission has not previously been reported for Jupiter (similar, but smaller, transient events have been observed at Earth), and it may be related directly to changes in the solar wind.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Waite
- Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
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