1
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Liu J, Ilie R, Borovsky JE, Liemohn MW. A New Mechanism for Early-Time Plasmaspheric Refilling: The Role of Charge Exchange Reactions in the Transport of Energy and Mass Throughout the Ring Current-Plasmasphere System. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. SPACE PHYSICS 2022; 127:e2022JA030619. [PMID: 36591319 PMCID: PMC9787766 DOI: 10.1029/2022ja030619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cold H+ produced via charge exchange reactions between ring current ions and exospheric neutral hydrogen constitutes an additional source of cold plasma that further contributes to the plasmasphere and affects the plasma dynamics in the Earth's magnetosphere system; however, its production and associated effects on the plasmasphere dynamics have not been fully assessed and quantified. In this study, we perform numerical simulations mimicking an idealized three-phase geomagnetic storm to investigate the role of heavy ion composition in the ring current (O+ vs. N+) and exospheric neutral hydrogen density in the production of cold H+ via charge exchange reactions. It is found that ring current heavy ions produce more than 50% of the total cold H+ via charge exchange reactions, and energetic N+ is more efficient in producing cold H+ via charge exchange reactions than O+. Furthermore, the density structure of the cold H+ is highly dependent on the mass of the parent ion; that is, cold H+ deriving from charge exchange reactions involving energetic O+ with neutral hydrogen, populates the lower L-shells, while cold H+ deriving from charge exchange reactions involving energetic N+ with neutral hydrogen populates the higher L-shells. In addition, the density of cold H+ produced via charge exchange reactions involving N+ can be peak at values up to one order of magnitude larger than the local plasmaspheric density, suggesting that solely considering the supply of cold plasma from the ionosphere to the plasmasphere can lead to a significant underestimation of plasmasphere density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghuai Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
| | - Raluca Ilie
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
| | | | - Michael W. Liemohn
- Department of Climate and Space Science and EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
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2
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Bingham ST, Cohen IJ, Mauk BH, Turner DL, Mitchell DG, Vines SK, Fuselier SA, Torbert RB, Burch JL. Charge-State-Dependent Energization of Suprathermal Ions During Substorm Injections Observed by MMS in the Magnetotail. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. SPACE PHYSICS 2020; 125:e2020JA028144. [PMID: 33133997 PMCID: PMC7583365 DOI: 10.1029/2020ja028144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the energization processes and constituent composition of the plasma and energetic particles injected into the near-Earth region from the tail is an important component of understanding magnetospheric dynamics. In this study, we present multiple case studies of the high-energy (≳40 keV) suprathermal ion populations during energetic particle enhancement events observed by the Energetic Ion Spectrometer (EIS) on NASA's Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission in the magnetotail. We present results from correlation analysis of the flux response between different energy channels of different ion species (hydrogen, helium, and oxygen) for multiple cases. We demonstrate that this technique can be used to infer the dominant charge state of the heavy ions, despite the fact that charge is not directly measured by EIS. Using this technique, we find that the energization and dispersion of suprathermal ions during energetic particle enhancements concurrent with (or near) fast plasma flows are ordered by energy per charge state (E/q) throughout the magnetotail regions examined (~7 to 25 Earth radii). The ions with the highest energies (≳300 keV) are helium and oxygen of solar wind origin, which obtain their greater energization due to their higher charge states. Additionally, the case studies show that during these injections the flux ratio of enhancement is also well ordered by E/q. These results expand on previous results which showed that high-energy total ion measurements in the magnetosphere are dominated by high-charge-state heavy ions and that protons are often not the dominant species above ~300 keV.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. T. Bingham
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMDUSA
| | - I. J. Cohen
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMDUSA
| | - B. H. Mauk
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMDUSA
| | - D. L. Turner
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMDUSA
| | - D. G. Mitchell
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMDUSA
| | - S. K. Vines
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMDUSA
| | - S. A. Fuselier
- Southwest Research InstituteSan AntonioTXUSA
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of Texas at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - R. B. Torbert
- Southwest Research InstituteSan AntonioTXUSA
- Space Science CenterUniversity of New HampshireDurhamNHUSA
| | - J. L. Burch
- Southwest Research InstituteSan AntonioTXUSA
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of Texas at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA
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3
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Sandhu JK, Rae IJ, Freeman MP, Forsyth C, Gkioulidou M, Reeves GD, Spence HE, Jackman CM, Lam MM. Energization of the Ring Current by Substorms. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. SPACE PHYSICS 2018; 123:8131-8148. [PMID: 30775195 PMCID: PMC6360953 DOI: 10.1029/2018ja025766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The substorm process releases large amounts of energy into the magnetospheric system, although where the energy is transferred to and how it is partitioned remains an open question. In this study, we address whether the substorm process contributes a significant amount of energy to the ring current. The ring current is a highly variable region, and understanding the energization processes provides valuable insight into how substorm-ring current coupling may contribute to the generation of storm conditions and provide a source of energy for wave driving. In order to quantify the energy input into the ring current during the substorm process, we analyze Radiation Belt Storm Probes Ion Composition Experiment and Helium Oxygen Proton Electron ion flux measurements for H+, O+, and He+. The energy content of the ring current is estimated and binned spatially for L and magnetic local time. The results are combined with an independently derived substorm event list to perform a statistical analysis of variations in the ring current energy content with substorm phase. We show that the ring current energy is significantly higher in the expansion phase compared to the growth phase, with the energy enhancement persisting into the substorm recovery phase. The characteristics of the energy enhancement suggest the injection of energized ions from the tail plasma sheet following substorm onset. The local time variations indicate a loss of energetic H+ ions in the afternoon sector, likely due to wave-particle interactions. Overall, we find that the average energy input into the ring current is ∼9% of the previously reported energy released during substorms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Sandhu
- Department of Space and Climate Physics, Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College London London UK
| | - I J Rae
- Department of Space and Climate Physics, Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College London London UK
| | | | - C Forsyth
- Department of Space and Climate Physics, Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College London London UK
| | - M Gkioulidou
- Applied Physics Laboratory Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA
| | - G D Reeves
- Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos NM USA
| | - H E Spence
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space University of New Hampshire Durham NH USA
| | - C M Jackman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Southampton Southampton UK
| | - M M Lam
- Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Southampton Southampton UK
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4
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Fernandes PA, Larsen BA, Thomsen MF, Skoug RM, Reeves GD, Denton MH, Friedel RHW, Funsten HO, Goldstein J, Henderson MG, Jahn J, MacDonald EA, Olson DK. The plasma environment inside geostationary orbit: A Van Allen Probes HOPE survey. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. SPACE PHYSICS 2017; 122:9207-9227. [PMID: 29214118 PMCID: PMC5703442 DOI: 10.1002/2017ja024160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The two full precessions in local time completed by the Van Allen Probes enable global specification of the near-equatorial inner magnetosphere plasma environment. Observations by the Helium-Oxygen-Proton-Electron (HOPE) mass spectrometers provide detailed insight into the global spatial distribution of electrons, H+, He+, and O+. Near-equatorial omnidirectional fluxes and abundance ratios at energies 0.1-30 keV are presented for 2 ≤ L ≤ 6 as a function of L shell, magnetic local time (MLT), and geomagnetic activity. We present a new tool built on the UBK modeling technique for classifying plasma sheet particle access to the inner magnetosphere. This new tool generates access maps for particles of constant energy for more direct comparison with in situ measurements, rather than the traditional constant μ presentation typically associated with UBK. We present for the first time inner magnetosphere abundances of O+ flux relative to H+ flux as a function of Kp, L, MLT, and energy. At L = 6, the O+/H+ ratio increases with increasing Kp, consistent with previous results. However, at L < 5 the O+/H+ ratio generally decreases with increasing Kp. We identify a new "afternoon bulge" plasma population enriched in 10 keV O+ and superenriched in 10 keV He+ that is present during quiet/moderate geomagnetic activity (Kp < 5) at ~1100-2000 MLT and L shell 2-4. Drift path modeling results are consistent with the narrow energy and approximate MLT location of this enhancement, but the underlying physics describing its formation, structure, and depletion during higher geomagnetic activity are currently not understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A. Fernandes
- ISR‐1, Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNew MexicoUSA
- New Mexico ConsortiumLos AlamosNew MexicoUSA
| | - Brian A. Larsen
- ISR‐1, Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNew MexicoUSA
- New Mexico ConsortiumLos AlamosNew MexicoUSA
| | | | - Ruth M. Skoug
- ISR‐1, Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNew MexicoUSA
- New Mexico ConsortiumLos AlamosNew MexicoUSA
| | - Geoffrey D. Reeves
- ISR‐1, Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNew MexicoUSA
- New Mexico ConsortiumLos AlamosNew MexicoUSA
| | - Michael H. Denton
- New Mexico ConsortiumLos AlamosNew MexicoUSA
- Space Science InstituteBoulderColoradoUSA
| | - Reinhard H. W. Friedel
- New Mexico ConsortiumLos AlamosNew MexicoUSA
- CSES, Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNew MexicoUSA
| | | | - Jerry Goldstein
- Department of Space ScienceSouthwest Research InstituteSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Michael G. Henderson
- ISR‐1, Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNew MexicoUSA
- New Mexico ConsortiumLos AlamosNew MexicoUSA
| | - Jörg‐Micha Jahn
- Department of Space ScienceSouthwest Research InstituteSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | | | - David K. Olson
- ISR‐1, Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNew MexicoUSA
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5
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Lundin R, Hultqvist B. Ionospheric plasma escape by high-altitude electric fields: Magnetic moment "pumping". ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja094ia06p06665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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6
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Lennartsson OW, Klumpar DM, Shelley EG, Quinn JM. Experimental investigation of possible geomagnetic feedback from energetic (0.1 to 16 keV) terrestrial O+ions in the magnetotail current sheet. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/93ja01991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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7
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Denton RE, Thomsen MF, Takahashi K, Anderson RR, Singer HJ. Solar cycle dependence of bulk ion composition at geosynchronous orbit. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010ja016027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. E. Denton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; Dartmouth College; Hanover New Hampshire USA
| | - M. F. Thomsen
- Los Alamos National Laboratory; Los Alamos New Mexico USA
| | - K. Takahashi
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory; Laurel Maryland USA
| | - R. R. Anderson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - H. J. Singer
- NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center; Boulder Colorado USA
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8
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Jordanova VK, Zaharia S, Welling DT. Comparative study of ring current development using empirical, dipolar, and self-consistent magnetic field simulations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010ja015671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. K. Jordanova
- Space Science and Applications; Los Alamos National Laboratory; Los Alamos New Mexico USA
| | - S. Zaharia
- Space Science and Applications; Los Alamos National Laboratory; Los Alamos New Mexico USA
| | - D. T. Welling
- Space Science and Applications; Los Alamos National Laboratory; Los Alamos New Mexico USA
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9
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Chen L, Thorne RM, Jordanova VK, Horne RB. Global simulation of magnetosonic wave instability in the storm time magnetosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010ja015707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lunjin Chen
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; University of California; Los Angeles California USA
| | - Richard M. Thorne
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; University of California; Los Angeles California USA
| | | | - Richard B. Horne
- British Antarctic Survey; Natural Environment Research Council; Cambridge UK
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10
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Liemohn MW, Jazowski M, Kozyra JU, Ganushkina N, Thomsen MF, Borovsky JE. CIR versus CME drivers of the ring current during intense magnetic storms. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2010.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ninety intense magnetic storms (minimum Dst value of less than −100 nT) from solar cycle 23 (1996–2005) were simulated using the hot electron and ion drift integrator (HEIDI) model. All 90 storm intervals were run with several electric fields and nightside plasma boundary conditions (five run sets). Storms were classified according to their solar wind driver, including corotating interaction regions (CIRs) and interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs). Data-model comparisons were made against the observed Dst index (specifically, Dst*) and dayside hot-ion measurements from geosynchronous orbiting spacecraft. It is found that the data-model goodness-of-fit values are different for CIR-driven storms relative to ICME-driven storms. The results are also different for the same storm category for different boundary conditions. None of the CIR-driven events was overpredicted by HEIDI, while the dayside comparisons were comparable for the different drivers. The results imply that the outer magnetosphere is responding differently to the two kinds of solar wind drivers, even though the resulting storm size might be similar. That is, for ICME-driven events, magnetospheric currents inside of geosynchronous orbit dominate the Dst perturbation, while for CIR-driven events, currents outside of this boundary have a systematically larger contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W. Liemohn
- Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2143, USA
| | - Matt Jazowski
- Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2143, USA
| | - Janet U. Kozyra
- Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2143, USA
| | - Natalia Ganushkina
- Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2143, USA
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
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11
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Takahashi K, Ohtani SI, Denton RE, Hughes WJ, Anderson RR. Ion composition in the plasma trough and plasma plume derived from a Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite magnetoseismic study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2008ja013248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazue Takahashi
- Applied Physics Laboratory; Johns Hopkins University; Laurel Maryland USA
| | - Shin-ichi Ohtani
- Applied Physics Laboratory; Johns Hopkins University; Laurel Maryland USA
| | - Richard E. Denton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; Dartmouth College; Hanover New Hampshire USA
| | - W. Jeffrey Hughes
- Department of Astronomy; Boston University; Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Roger R. Anderson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
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12
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Yao Y, Seki K, Miyoshi Y, McFadden JP, Lund EJ, Carlson CW. Effect of solar wind variation on low-energy O+populations in the magnetosphere during geomagnetic storms: FAST observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007ja012681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Yao
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory; Nagoya University; Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - K. Seki
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory; Nagoya University; Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Y. Miyoshi
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory; Nagoya University; Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - J. P. McFadden
- Space Sciences Laboratory; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - E. J. Lund
- Space Science Center; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - C. W. Carlson
- Space Sciences Laboratory; University of California; Berkeley California USA
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13
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Farrugia CJ, Jordanova VK, Thomsen MF, Lu G, Cowley SWH, Ogilvie KW. A two-ejecta event associated with a two-step geomagnetic storm. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006ja011893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Jordanova VK, Miyoshi YS, Zaharia S, Thomsen MF, Reeves GD, Evans DS, Mouikis CG, Fennell JF. Kinetic simulations of ring current evolution during the Geospace Environment Modeling challenge events. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006ja011644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Fok MC, Moore TE, Brandt PC, Delcourt DC, Slinker SP, Fedder JA. Impulsive enhancements of oxygen ions during substorms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006ja011839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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16
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Takahashi K, Denton RE, Anderson RR, Hughes WJ. Mass density inferred from toroidal wave frequencies and its comparison to electron density. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005ja011286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Wilson GR, Ober DM, Germany GA, Lund EJ. Nightside auroral zone and polar cap ion outflow as a function of substorm size and phase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003ja009835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. R. Wilson
- Mission Research Corporation; Nashua New Hampshire USA
| | - D. M. Ober
- Mission Research Corporation; Nashua New Hampshire USA
| | - G. A. Germany
- Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research; University of Alabama in Huntsville; Huntsville Alabama USA
| | - E. J. Lund
- Space Science Center; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
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18
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Liemohn MW. Dependence of plasmaspheric morphology on the electric field description during the recovery phase of the 17 April 2002 magnetic storm. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003ja010304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Daglis IA, Kozyra JU, Kamide Y, Vassiliadis D, Sharma AS, Liemohn MW, Gonzalez WD, Tsurutani BT, Lu G. Intense space storms: Critical issues and open disputes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002ja009722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. A. Daglis
- Institute for Space Applications and Remote Sensing; National Observatory of Athens, Penteli; Athens Greece
| | - J. U. Kozyra
- Space Physics Research Laboratory; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Y. Kamide
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory; Nagoya University; Toyokawa Japan
| | - D. Vassiliadis
- USRA at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - A. S. Sharma
- University of Maryland; College Park Maryland USA
| | - M. W. Liemohn
- Space Physics Research Laboratory; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - W. D. Gonzalez
- Instituto de Pesquisas Espaciais; Sao Jose dos Campos; Sao Paulo Brazil
| | | | - G. Lu
- High-Altitude Observatory; NCAR; Boulder Colorado USA
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20
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Summers D. Relativistic electron pitch-angle scattering by electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves during geomagnetic storms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002ja009489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 550] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Khazanov GV. Self-consistent model of magnetospheric ring current and electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves: The 2–7 May 1998 storm. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003ja009856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Kozyra JU, Liemohn MW, Clauer CR, Ridley AJ, Thomsen MF, Borovsky JE, Roeder JL, Jordanova VK, Gonzalez WD. MultistepDstdevelopment and ring current composition changes during the 4-6 June 1991 magnetic storm. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001ja000023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. U. Kozyra
- Space Physics Research Laboratory; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - M. W. Liemohn
- Space Physics Research Laboratory; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - C. R. Clauer
- Space Physics Research Laboratory; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - A. J. Ridley
- Space Physics Research Laboratory; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - M. F. Thomsen
- Space and Atmospheric Science Division; Los Alamos National Laboratory; Los Alamos New Mexico USA
| | - J. E. Borovsky
- Space and Atmospheric Science Division; Los Alamos National Laboratory; Los Alamos New Mexico USA
| | - J. L. Roeder
- The Aerospace Corporation; El Segundo California USA
| | - V. K. Jordanova
- Space Science Center; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - W. D. Gonzalez
- Instituto de Pesquisas Especiais; São José dos Campos; São Paulo Brazil
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23
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Ridley AJ, Liemohn MW. A model-derived storm time asymmetric ring current driven electric field description. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001ja000051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Wilson GR, Ober DM, Germany GA, Lund EJ. The relationship between suprathermal heavy ion outflow and auroral electron energy deposition: Polar/Ultraviolet Imager and Fast Auroral Snapshot/Time-of-Flight Energy Angle Mass Spectrometer observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000ja000434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Pulkkinen TI, Ganushkina NY, Baker DN, Turner NE, Fennell JF, Roeder J, Fritz TA, Grande M, Kellett B, Kettmann G. Ring current ion composition during solar minimum and rising solar activity: Polar/CAMMICE/MICS results. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000ja003036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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26
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Ozeke LG, Mann IR. Modeling the properties of high-mAlfvén waves driven by the drift-bounce resonance mechanism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000ja000393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Liemohn MW, Kozyra JU, Thomsen MF, Roeder JL, Lu G, Borovsky JE, Cayton TE. Dominant role of the asymmetric ring current in producing the stormtimeDst*. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000ja000326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Seki K, Elphic RC, Hirahara M, Terasawa T, Mukai T. On atmospheric loss of oxygen ions from earth through magnetospheric processes. Science 2001; 291:1939-41. [PMID: 11239148 DOI: 10.1126/science.1058913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In Earth's environment, the observed polar outflow rate for O(+) ions, the main source of oxygen above gravitational escape energy, corresponds to the loss of approximately 18% of the present-day atmospheric oxygen over 3 billion years. However, part of this apparent loss can actually be returned to the atmosphere. Examining loss rates of four escape routes with high-altitude spacecraft observations, we show that the total oxygen loss rate inferred from current knowledge is about one order of magnitude smaller than the polar O(+) outflow rate. This disagreement suggests that there may be a substantial return flux from the magnetosphere to the low-latitude ionosphere. Then the net oxygen loss over 3 billion years drops to approximately 2% of the current atmospheric oxygen content.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Seki
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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Jordanova VK, Farrugia CJ, Thorne RM, Khazanov GV, Reeves GD, Thomsen MF. Modeling ring current proton precipitation by electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves during the May 14-16, 1997, storm. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000ja002008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Seki K, Elphic RC, Thomsen MF, Bonnell J, Lund EJ, Hirahara M, Terasawa T, Mukai T. Cold flowing O+beams in the lobe/mantle at Geotail: Does FAST observe the source? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999ja900470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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