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Kushwaha S, Parthiban J, Singh SK. Recent Developments in Reversible CO 2 Hydrogenation and Formic Acid Dehydrogenation over Molecular Catalysts. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:38773-38793. [PMID: 37901502 PMCID: PMC10601445 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2), a valuable feedstock, can be reutilized as a hydrogen carrier by hydrogenating CO2 to formic acid (FA) and releasing hydrogen by FA dehydrogenation in a reversible manner. Notably, FA is liquid at room temperature and can be stored and transported considerably more safely than hydrogen gas. Herein, we extensively reviewed transition-metal-based molecular catalysts explored for reversible CO2 hydrogenation and FA dehydrogenation. This Review describes different approaches explored for carbon-neutral hydrogen storage and release by applying CO2 hydrogenation to FA/formate and the subsequent release of H2 by the dehydrogenation of FA over a wide range of molecular catalysts based on noble and non-noble metals. Emphasis is also placed on the specific catalyst-to-substrate interaction by highlighting the specific role of the catalyst in the CO2 hydrogenation-FA dehydrogenation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sanjay Kumar Singh
- Catalysis Group, Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Haverd V, Smith B, Canadell JG, Cuntz M, Mikaloff‐Fletcher S, Farquhar G, Woodgate W, Briggs PR, Trudinger CM. Higher than expected CO 2 fertilization inferred from leaf to global observations. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:2390-2402. [PMID: 32017317 PMCID: PMC7154678 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence point to an increase in the activity of the terrestrial biosphere over recent decades, impacting the global net land carbon sink (NLS) and its control on the growth of atmospheric carbon dioxide (ca ). Global terrestrial gross primary production (GPP)-the rate of carbon fixation by photosynthesis-is estimated to have risen by (31 ± 5)% since 1900, but the relative contributions of different putative drivers to this increase are not well known. Here we identify the rising atmospheric CO2 concentration as the dominant driver. We reconcile leaf-level and global atmospheric constraints on trends in modeled biospheric activity to reveal a global CO2 fertilization effect on photosynthesis of 30% since 1900, or 47% for a doubling of ca above the pre-industrial level. Our historic value is nearly twice as high as current estimates (17 ± 4)% that do not use the full range of available constraints. Consequently, under a future low-emission scenario, we project a land carbon sink (174 PgC, 2006-2099) that is 57 PgC larger than if a lower CO2 fertilization effect comparable with current estimates is assumed. These findings suggest a larger beneficial role of the land carbon sink in modulating future excess anthropogenic CO2 consistent with the target of the Paris Agreement to stay below 2°C warming, and underscore the importance of preserving terrestrial carbon sinks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Smith
- CSIRO Oceans and AtmosphereCanberraACTAustralia
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSWAustralia
| | | | - Matthias Cuntz
- AgroParisTechUniversité de LorraineINRAUMR SilvaNancyFrance
| | | | - Graham Farquhar
- Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACTAustralia
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Keeling CD, Bacastow RB, Bainbridge AE, Ekdahl Jr. CA, Guenther PR, Waterman LS, Chin JFS. Atmospheric carbon dioxide variations at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3402/tellusa.v28i6.11322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles D. Keeling
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Robert B. Bacastow
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Arnold E. Bainbridge
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Carl A. Ekdahl Jr.
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Peter R. Guenther
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lee S. Waterman
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - John F. S. Chin
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Bischof
- Inetitute of Meteorology, University of Stockholm, Sweden
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Graven HD, Keeling RF, Piper SC, Patra PK, Stephens BB, Wofsy SC, Welp LR, Sweeney C, Tans PP, Kelley JJ, Daube BC, Kort EA, Santoni GW, Bent JD. Enhanced Seasonal Exchange of CO2 by Northern Ecosystems Since 1960. Science 2013; 341:1085-9. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1239207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal variations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) in the Northern Hemisphere have increased since the 1950s, but sparse observations have prevented a clear assessment of the patterns of long-term change and the underlying mechanisms. We compare recent aircraft-based observations of CO2 above the North Pacific and Arctic Oceans to earlier data from 1958 to 1961 and find that the seasonal amplitude at altitudes of 3 to 6 km increased by 50% for 45° to 90°N but by less than 25% for 10° to 45°N. An increase of 30 to 60% in the seasonal exchange of CO2 by northern extratropical land ecosystems, focused on boreal forests, is implicated, substantially more than simulated by current land ecosystem models. The observations appear to signal large ecological changes in northern forests and a major shift in the global carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. D. Graven
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - R. F. Keeling
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - S. C. Piper
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - P. K. Patra
- Research Institute for Global Change, Yokohama, Japan
| | - B. B. Stephens
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - S. C. Wofsy
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - L. R. Welp
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - C. Sweeney
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - P. P. Tans
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - J. J. Kelley
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - B. C. Daube
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - E. A. Kort
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - G. W. Santoni
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J. D. Bent
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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A three-dimensional model of atmospheric CO2transport based on observed winds: 2. Model description and simulated tracer experiments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/gm055p0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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Keeling CD, Bacastow RB, Carter AF, Piper SC, Whorf TP, Heimann M, Mook WG, Roeloffzen H. A three-dimensional model of atmospheric CO 2transport based on observed winds: 1. Analysis of observational data. ASPECTS OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY IN THE PACIFIC AND THE WESTERN AMERICAS 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/gm055p0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Heimann M, Keeling CD. Meridional eddy diffusion model of the transport of atmospheric carbon dioxide: 1. Seasonal carbon cycle over the tropical Pacific Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jd091id07p07765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Keeling CD, Whorf TP, Wong CS, Bellagay RD. The concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide at ocean weather station P from 1969 to 1981. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jd090id06p10511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kelley JJ. Observations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere over the western United States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jb074i006p01688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Takahashi T, Weaver MO, Prince LA. The effect of oxygen in the carrier gas for infrared gas analysis of CO2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jc081i021p03736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
When I began my professional career, the pursuit of science was in a transition from a pursuit by individuals motivated by personal curiosity to a worldwide enterprise with powerful strategic and materialistic purposes. The studies of the Earth's environment that I have engaged in for over forty years, and describe in this essay, could not have been realized by the old kind of science. Associated with the new kind of science, however, was a loss of ease to pursue, unfettered, one's personal approaches to scientific discovery. Human society, embracing science for its tangible benefits, inevitably has grown dependent on scientific discoveries. It now seeks direct deliverable results, often on a timetable, as compensation for public sponsorship. Perhaps my experience in studying the Earth, initially with few restrictions and later with increasingly sophisticated interaction with government sponsors and various planning committees, will provide a perspective on this great transition from science being primarily an intellectual pastime of private persons to its present status as a major contributor to the quality of human life and the prosperity of nations.
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Anderson BE, Gregory GL, Collins JE, Sachse GW, Conway TJ, Whiting GP. Airborne observations of spatial and temporal variability of tropospheric carbon dioxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Abstract
Observed atmospheric concentrations of CO2 and data on the partial pressures of CO2 in surface ocean waters are combined to identify globally significant sources and sinks of CO2. The atmospheric data are compared with boundary layer concentrations calculated with the transport fields generated by a general circulation model (GCM) for specified source-sink distributions. In the model the observed north-south atmospheric concentration gradient can be maintained only if sinks for CO2 are greater in the Northern than in the Southern Hemisphere. The observed differences between the partial pressure of CO2 in the surface waters of the Northern Hemisphere and the atmosphere are too small for the oceans to be the major sink of fossil fuel CO2. Therefore, a large amount of the CO2 is apparently absorbed on the continents by terrestrial ecosystems.
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Tans PP, Conway TJ, Nakazawa T. Latitudinal distribution of the sources and sinks of atmospheric carbon dioxide derived from surface observations and an atmospheric transport model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1029/jd094id04p05151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Keeling CD, Carter AF, Mook WG. Seasonal, latitudinal, and secular variations in the abundance and isotopic ratios of atmospheric CO2: 2. Results from oceanographic cruises in the tropical Pacific Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1029/jd089id03p04615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Mook WG, Koopmans M, Carter AF, Keeling CD. Seasonal, latitudinal, and secular variations in the abundance and isotopic ratios of atmospheric carbon dioxide: 1. Results from land stations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1029/jc088ic15p10915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Keeling CD, Bacastow RB, Bainbridge AE, Ekdahl CA, Guenther PR, Waterman LS, Chin JFS. Atmospheric carbon dioxide variations at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1976. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1976.tb00701.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Keeling CD, Adams JA, Ekdahl CA, Guenther PR. Atmospheric carbon dioxide variations at the South Pole. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1976. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1976.tb00702.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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PEARMAN GI. A correction for the effect of drying of air samples and its significance to the interpretation of atmospheric CO2measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1975. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1975.tb01680.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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